HPLC-CAD法测定硫酸新霉素中新霉素B、新霉素C、新霉胺及其他有关物质

目的 建立测定硫酸新霉素中新霉素B、新霉素C、新霉胺及其他有关物质的高效液相色谱-电喷雾检测器(HPLC-CAD)方法。方法 采用Waters HSS T3色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm, 5μm)，以0.15mol/L三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相，流速1.0mL/min，柱温30℃，电喷雾检测器的雾化温度为45℃。结果 新建方法对新霉素B、新霉素C、其他有关物质分离度良好，精密度、重复性和回收率均满足分析要求。新霉素B、新霉胺浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r＞0.995)，检出限可达到0.02μg和0.003μg。结论 新建方法分离度好、灵敏度高，可以检出更多的杂质，可以满足硫酸新霉素原料有关物质分析的要求。     

HPLC-ELSD法定量检测硫酸新霉素中新霉胺

目的建立测定硫酸新霉素中有关物质新霉胺的HPLC ELSD法。方法色谱柱Zorbax SB C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温：25 ℃;流动相：甲醇：0.1 mol•mL 1三氟乙酸溶液 （8：92）;流速0.8 mL•min 1;漂移管温度：55 ℃;载气压力：3.6 MPa;Gain：6。结果新霉胺最低检测限为40 ng,最低定量限为80 ng,在0.08～1.60 μg范围内呈很好的线性关系,r＝0. 999 6,平均回收率97.3%,RSD＝2.6%（n＝9）。结论该方法准确、专属性强,可用于硫酸新霉素中有关物质新霉胺的含量测定。     

核糖霉素和新霉素组分的薄层分析

核糖霉素与新霉素均可能含有杂质新霉胺。新霉胺既是生产过程中的副产品,又是核糖霉素与新霉素B、C的降解产物,具有一定的毒性,因此在成品中控制新霉胺含量很有必要。中国药典和英国药典制定了新霉素中新霉胺的限度检查方法,沈国孚等曾用薄层色谱法对新霉素组分分析进行了初步探讨,但还未见薄层色谱法分析核糖霉素的报道,我们采用薄层扫描法对核糖霉素和新霉素中新霉胺进行了定量。 新霉素中B、C为差向异构体,结构虽极相似,但它们的生物活性和毒性却有很大差异,C的生物活性只为B的二分之一,但耳毒性却为B的两倍。Bacsa等曾报道用薄层法分离B、C,但我们反复试验,未能重现,后经摸索选出一展开系统,较成功地分离子B、C,并用面积归一化法粗略对其定量。 实验采用岛津CS—930双波长薄层扫描仪     

HPLC—ELSD法测定硫酸新霉素的含量及有关物质新霉胺

目的:建立采用 HPLC-蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)法测定硫酸新霉素含量并对新霉胺杂质进行限度检查。方法:色谱条件为:Kromasil C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相:含0.7%五氟丙酸的25 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液-甲醇(44:56),流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1);漂移管温度:110℃,载气流速:2.6 L·min~(-1)。用硫酸新霉素对照品测定新霉素的含量,以新霉胺对照品对新霉胺杂质进行限度检查。结果:新霉素进样量在7.2～35.8μg范围内,峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996)。新霉胺的最低检出限和最低定量限分别为0.1μg和0.2μg。结论:方法快速、简便,重现性好,灵敏度高,可用于硫酸新霉素的含量测定及新霉胺杂质的控制。     

用不同培养基测定新霉素的抗菌活性

测定多组分抗生素,例如新霉素的抗菌活性,用琼脂扩散法有困难。由于试验菌对个别新霉素组分,特别是新霉素A的不同敏感性,以及各组分的不同扩散性,对新霉素抗菌试验的条件详细研究,以便消除或减弱不同组分对抗生素抗菌活性的影响,而且,必须虑及新霉素各组分含量有很大差别:新霉素B70～80%、新霉素C1.5～30%,新霉素A 1～5%。为选择测定抗菌活性的最佳条件,本文进行了新霉素在不同成分的培养基上的抗菌活性的研究。抗菌活性试验采用三种培养基1.培养基     

硫酸新霉素软膏的质量评价

目的评价硫酸新霉素软膏的质量现状并分析存在的问题。方法按法定标准检验与探索性研究相结合,对原料及国家计划抽验的2批次制剂进行检验,通过对软膏及原料的粒径、晶型、有关物质、杂质谱、含量测定方法等的考察,分析原料及制剂的质量状况及质量标准合理性。结果按法定标准检验2批次硫酸新霉素软膏,合格率为100%。探索性研究显示软膏含量均匀性欠佳,进一步分析原因,发现原料粒径大小及分布均欠均匀,且原料在存放及制剂过程中易发生转晶;针对质量标准中缺失的有关物质检查项,建立了硫酸新霉素含量测定及有关物质检查的HPLC-PAD方法,并对杂质谱进行研究;初步完成了HPLC-PAD法替代微生物检定法测定硫酸新霉素效价的量效一致性研究。结论国内硫酸新霉素软膏质量总体良好;原料粒径不均匀及易发生结晶形态的转变,可能导致制剂含量均匀性欠佳;建议原料及软膏现行标准中增订有关物质检查项,用HPLC-PAD法替代传统的效价测定;建议原料药企业对原料工艺进行优化,以进一步提高产品质量。     

曲安奈德新霉素贴膏中硫酸新霉素含量测定方法的建立

目的 建立HPLC法测定曲安奈德新霉素贴膏中新霉素含量测定的方法。方法 首先,通过正己烷溶解膏剂,水萃取的方法提取贴膏剂中的硫酸新霉素,然后建立HPLC法测定其含量,色谱条件为：Apolllo C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm, 5μm),流动相：0.1mol/L三氟醋酸溶液-乙腈(80:20,V/V),流速：0.5mL/min,进样量：20μL,柱温为30℃;蒸发光散射检测器：漂移管温度：80℃,载气流速：2.0L/min,增益为1。结果 硫酸新霉素在1.0~5.0μg范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好的log-log线性关系,线性方程为：Y=1.87X+7.12(r=0.999),定量限为：0.260μg,平均回收率为88.99%,重复性RSD为1.9%。结论 所建立的方法简便、准确且快速,可用于曲安奈德新霉素贴膏中硫酸新霉素含量测定。     

阿齐沙坦有关物质遗传毒性评估及限度研究

目的 分析阿齐沙坦的合成工艺路线,确定起始原料、中间体、副反应产物等有关物质信息,研究有关物质的致突变性,确定有关物质的限度,为质量标准的建立提供依据。方法 检索相关数据库确定有关物质遗传毒性数据,采用2种定量构效关系软件预测杂质的致突变性,根据ICH M7指导原则,对有关物质进行遗传毒性归类,结合相关指导原则制定有关物质限度。结果 筛选出的18个有关物质中,有11个无遗传毒性,可按非遗传毒性杂质进行控制,有7个化合物致突变性预测结果为阳性,需要按遗传毒性杂质进行控制。结论 为保障用药安全,终产品中总杂质的量不得>0.5%,致突变性预测结果为阳性的有关物质单杂最高限度不得>0.001 875%,其他有关物质单杂最高限度不得>0.1%。     

硫酸卷曲霉素的质量评价及标准提高研究

目的 建立新方法对硫酸卷曲霉素进行补充检测,综合现行标准检验结果对其质量现状进行评价.方法 采用Agela Venusuil XBP C18 （L）色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 2.3）（0.2 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾-0.015 mol·L^-1的己烷磺酸钠溶液,用磷酸溶液调节pH至2.3）-乙腈（93：7）为流动相A,以磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 2.3）-乙腈（90：10）为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL,min^-1,柱温25℃,检测波长为268 nm,测定了硫酸卷曲霉素的有关物质、组分及含量;并依据现行法定质量标准,对硫酸卷曲霉素原料及制剂进行检验,分析国内硫酸卷曲霉素的总体质量水平;对其有关物质进行了杂质谱分析.结果 该方法分离了卷曲霉素ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅡA、ⅡB四个主成分,有关物质测定方面制剂的最大单杂在0.4％～1.2％之间,总杂在1.3％～4.0％之间;组分及含量测定方面制剂的Ⅰ组分均值为96.2％,含量均值为106.1％;杂质谱研究结果显示硫酸卷曲霉素制剂中主要杂质23个,其中3个未知杂质含量均较高,各企业制剂杂质谱基本固定.结论 目前国产硫酸卷曲霉素质量状况较好;硫酸卷曲霉素重金属、有关物质、组分及含量的标准提高更有助于产品质量的严格控制;杂质谱研究为今后目标杂质的控制提供了参考.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定曲咪新乳膏中硫酸新霉素和硝酸咪康唑的含量

目的：建立HPLC-ELSD法测定曲咪新乳膏中硫酸新霉素和硝酸咪康唑的含量。方法：采用Aglient Eclipse Plus C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；以0.1%的三氟乙酸溶液为流动相A，以乙腈为流动相B，梯度洗脱；流速为1.0 mL·min-1；蒸发温度为40 ℃；雾化温度为40 ℃；氮气载气流速为1.8 L·min-1。结果：硫酸新霉素和硝酸咪康唑分别在140.41～702.07 U·mL-1、484～2420 μg·mL-1范围内峰面积的对数与质量浓度的对数呈现良好的线性关系（r分别为0.9996、0.9992）；平均回收率分别为99.0%、99.1%；RSD分别为0.81%、0.76%。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确并且重现性好。     

Determination of neomycin sulfate and impurities using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection

Neomycin B is one of a class of aminoglycoside antibiotics that lack a good chromophore, and is therefore difficult to determine using reversed-phase HPLC with absorbance detection. This is especially true for determining the quantity of each impurity. We show that neomycin sulfate and its major impurities, including neamine (neomycin A), can be separated on a strong anion-exchange column using a weak potassium hydroxide eluent (2.40 mM) at a column temperature of 30 degrees C, and directly detected by integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD). The resolution (United States Pharmacopeia (USP) definition) between neomycin B and the closest major impurity ranged from 6.56 and 7.45 over 10 days of consecutive analysis (7.24+/-0.10, n=836 injections). Due to the difficulty of producing weak hydroxide eluents of the required purity (i.e. carbonate-free), this method depends on automatic eluent generation to ensure method ruggedness. This method exhibited good long-term (10 days, 822 injections) retention time stability with a R.S.D. of 0.6%. Peak area R.S.D. (10 microM) was 1.3%. Method robustness was evaluated by intentionally varying the flow rate, eluent concentration, column temperature, and column. The spike recoveries of neomycin B from extractions of three different topical ointments and cream formulations ranged from 95 to 100%. The measured concentration of neomycin B in these formulations ranged from 119 to 154% of the label concentration. The R.S.D. for the measured concentration of one of the formulations tested over three separate days, n=11 extracts, was 3.2%. Based on the results of these evaluations, we believe this method can be used for neomycin sulfate identity, assay, and purity.     

柱后衍生化-HPLC法检测硫酸新霉素的有关物质

目的 建立硫酸新霉素有关物质检查的柱后衍生化-HPLC-荧光检测法，并与新建的HPLC-电化学检测法进行比较。方法 色谱柱为COSMOSIL 5C18-PAQ(4.6mm×250mm, 3.5μm)；以pH3.4缓冲液[取庚烷磺酸钠一水合物4.35g和无水硫酸钠16g，加水溶解并稀释至1000mL，用冰醋酸调节pH值至(3.4±0.1)]-乙腈(95:5)为流动相A，pH3.4缓冲液-乙腈(60:40)为流动相B；梯度洗脱；柱温为30℃；流速为1.0mL/min。柱后衍生化试液为邻苯二甲醛溶液[pH值为(10.4±0.1)]；流速为0.3mL/min。电化学检测法采用脉冲安培检测器，金电极为工作电极，四电位波形工作模式。结果 柱后衍生化法与电化学检测法均检出24个杂质。柱后衍生化法的检测限和定量限分别为1.1和3.5ng。结论 柱后衍生化-HPLC法操作简便，灵敏度高，重复性好，可作为硫酸新霉素有关物质检查的常规方法。     

新霉胺类似物的合成与RNA结合和生物活性评价

为了提高新霉胺对16S rRNA的亲和力，合成了Ⅱ环5位修饰的新霉胺类似物。以新霉素B为原料，经水解，保护，亲核取代，脱保护，叠氮还原多步反应得到氨基或氨基链修饰的新霉胺类似物。用表面等离子共振法测定了所合成的化合物与大肠杆菌（E.coli．）核糖体A位点rRNA（16S RNA）的相互作用。合成了6个Ⅱ环5-位修饰的新霉胺类似物，发现Ⅱ环5位氨基链修饰可以增强化合物对16S RNA的亲和力，其中一些化合物在10^-3M有体外细菌抑制活性。在新霉胺的Ⅱ环5位引入氨基或脂肪胺可以增加与16S RNA的亲和力。Ⅱ环5位上羟基的构型改变对于药物／16S RNA复合物稳定性的影响较低。     

Simultaneous determination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method, with indirect UV detection, for the simultaneous determination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate in pharmaceutical formulations was developed. Critical parameters such as pH, buffer composition and concentration, voltage and injection time have been studied to evaluate, how they affect responses, such as resolution and migration times. Separation was performed on a fused silica capillary with 50 microm i.d. and 27 cm total length at an applied voltage of 6 kV with a 15 mM phosphate run buffer (pH 5.0) containing 40 mM N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)acetamide and 50 mM tetradecylammonium bromide (TTAB). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Quantitative analysis was validated by testing the reproducibility of the method, giving a relative standard deviation less than 0.4 and 2.4% for the repeatability of migration time and corrected peak area, respectively. Accuracy was tested by spiking eye-ear formulations with standards and the recoveries of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate were found to be between 97.44-103.18% and 96.85-101.68%, respectively. Linearity of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate were obtained in the ranges of 17-682 and 24-608 microg/mL, respectively, with r(2) values above 0.999. The established TLC-densitometric method was applied to evaluate the proposed CE method, and comparable results were obtained by using CE with much shorter analysis time and a small quantity of solvents consumed. The developed method is also the first report on the simultaneous determination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate in pharmaceutical preparations by CE.     

Once-daily ofloxacin otic solution versus neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone otic suspension four times a day: a multicenter,randomized, evaluator-blinded trial to compare the efficacy,safety, and pain relief in pediatric patients with otitis externa

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Otitis externa (OE) is an infection of the external auditory canal affecting children and adults and is associated with symptoms of local pain and tenderness. Twice-daily topical treatment with ofloxacin otic solution (0.3% [Floxin otic solution]) for 10 days has been reported to be as effective and well tolerated as neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone otic suspension (Cortisporin otic suspension) administered four times daily for 10 days.

Objective: This study compared the efficacy, safety, and ear-pain resolution of once-daily ofloxacin otic solution (0.3%) versus neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone otic suspension administered four times daily, in children with OE.

Research design, patients, and methods: This multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, evaluator-blinded study was conducted at 34 centers in 278 pediatric OE patients aged 6 months to 12 years. Patients received five drops of ofloxacin otic solution (0.3%) in the affected ears once daily or three drops of neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone otic suspension four times daily, for 7–10 days. Patient evaluations were performed at pretherapy (day 1), end of therapy (days 7–9), and test of cure (7–10 days post-treatment) visits. Data for 208 patients were clinically evaluable and those for 90 patients were microbiologically evaluable. Scores were obtained for patient assessments of pain severity.

Main outcome measures: The overall clinical response was cure in the clinically evaluable patients, demonstrated by resolution of OE signs and symptoms at the test of cure visit. The overall clinical-microbiological response was cure in the microbiologically evaluable patients demonstrated by both clinical cure and microbiological eradication.

Results: For the clinically evaluable patients, equivalent cure rates were obtained between the once-daily ofloxacin-treated and four-times-daily neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone-treated patients (93.8% and 94.7%, respectively). For the clinically and microbiologically evaluable patients, the overall cure rates were 96.4% versus 97.1% for the ofloxacin-treated and neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone-treated patients, respectively. The eradication rates for the prevalent pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were 98% versus 100% for ofloxacin-treated and neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone-treated patients, respectively. Decreases in pain severity were similar in both treatment groups. Statistical analyses were limited by the small numbers of patients in each treatment group.

Conclusion: In the treatment of OE in children, once-daily ofloxacin otic solution was as effective and safe as neomycin sulfate/polymyxin B sulfate/hydrocortisone otic suspension given four times daily. The two treatments provide rapid and comparable pain relief; however, ofloxacin otic solution does not have the risk of ototoxicity associated with neomycin and provides effective pain relief without adjunctive steroids.     

硫酸新霉素灭菌溶液的制备与质量控制

目的:筛选硫酸新霉素灭菌溶液的最佳处方,并考察其质量稳定性。方法:配制各种不同处方硫酸新霉素灭菌溶液,以溶液颜色、pH值及浓度的变化为考察指标,筛选出最佳处方,预测其稳定性,并与留样观测结果进行比较。结果:用盐酸调节溶液pH值至4～5、100℃灭菌后溶液颜色不会变黄,经6mo加速试验,9mo室温留样观察,质量稳定。结论:本处方设计合理,性质稳定,质量可控。     

3种无菌冲洗剂细菌内毒素检查方法初探

目的:建立3种冲洗剂细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法:按照2005年版《中国药典》(二部)附录ⅠS和ⅪE进行试验及结果判定。结果:呋喃西林灭菌溶液对鲎试验的凝集反应无干扰作用;硫酸新霉素灭菌溶液在pH值为3.9～5.8时无干扰作用,pH值为3.2～3.8时可以通过4倍稀释消除干扰;醋酸氯己定灭菌溶液的干扰作用用稀释法难以消除。结论:细菌内毒素检查法中的凝胶法可控制呋喃西林灭菌溶液和硫酸新霉素灭菌溶液的细菌内毒素限度。