高血脂致动脉粥样硬化机理的探讨

食饵性高血脂能引起家兔血浆 SOD 下降,脂质过氧化物 AHP,MDA 升高,PGI_2/TXA_2失衡,从而使血小板聚集力增强,血浆5-HT 增多,并使血液处于高凝和高纤溶状态。病理可见高脂组主动脉内膜形成了明显的粥样斑块。主动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞明显损伤,粥样斑块内有大量泡沫细胞、胶原纤维和新生弹力纤维。     

玉郎伞提取物对高脂血症大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的 研究玉郎伞(YLS)块根提取物(总黄酮、多糖及其水提物)对食饵性高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢及血液流变学指标的影响.方法 建立食饵性高脂血症大鼠模型,将YLS提取物给予高脂血症大鼠,连续灌胃14 d后,检测各组大鼠脂质水平及全血黏度(WBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、全血还原黏度(RV)、红细胞压积(HCT)等8项血流变学指标.结果 与高脂模型组比较,各用药组TC、TG、LDL-C、apoB、AI水平降低;apoA1、HDL-C、apoA1/apoB水平显著性升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);各给药组8项血液流变学指标显著降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),YLS总黄酮高、低剂量组效果最明显.结论 YLS提取物对高脂血症大鼠的脂质代谢紊乱有显著的调节作用,对防治高脂血症和改善血液流变学有积极的意义.     

海洋贝类提取物对动脉粥样硬化形成的抑制作用

目的：研究海洋贝类提取物（EMS）对动脉粥样硬化（AS）形成的抑制作用。方法：建立高脂食饵性鹌鹑AS模型，采用酶法测定主动脉和心肌中总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）含量，并对主动脉，冠状动脉及肝脏进行肉眼及光镜检查，对AS病变及肝脏脂肪变性程度进行分级比较，结果：EMS 20g,10g,5.kg^-1（生药）经连续灌胃给药8周和11周时，动物的主动脉，心肌组织中TC及TG含量均明显低于模型组（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），病理组织学检查结果显示，与模型组比较，EMS各组动物的主动脉和冠状动脉的AS病变程度较轻，多数在I级以下，AS面积小，内膜厚度及内膜下层的泡沫细胞及平滑肌细胞数目明显减少，肝脏脂肪变性程度较模型组减轻，结论：EMS预防用药可抑制实验性AS形成。     

薏苡仁抗代谢综合征的药理作用研究进展

薏苡仁提取物及其有效成分对多种高血糖模型动物和高血脂肥胖模型动物均呈现出降糖、降脂作用,并能对抗高血糖、高血脂引起的代谢综合征及其并发症（包括氧化应激反应、动脉粥样硬化、脑缺血和免疫功能异常）。其有效成分包括薏苡仁多糖、羟基不饱和脂肪酸和多酚化合物,作用机制与提高葡萄糖激酶活性、促进组织对葡萄糖的利用、改善胰岛素抵抗和糖代谢紊乱,通过激活Nrf2/ARE依赖的细胞保护基因,对抗氧化应激性细胞损伤等有关。     

洋葱水提取物对大鼠肝和肺的影响

洋葱传统上用于治疗哮喘、血栓病、高血压、高血糖、高血脂、肿瘤等。然而近年来研究发现,暴露于洋葱气味中易诱发哮喘。作者研究了口服和腹腔注射洋葱水提取物对大鼠肝和肺的毒性。制备的洋葱水提取物浓度为500 mg/mL。雌性 SD 大鼠(200 g～250 g)随机分成6     

葡萄籽原花青素降血脂药效部位筛选

目的：研究不同组分葡萄籽原花青素降血脂药效。方法：采用不同浓度乙醇渗漉提取、大孔树脂分离纯化,制得10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇部位葡萄籽原花青素提取物,建立大鼠高血脂模型,分别测定各组血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）的含量,以及Lee’S指数和脏器指数,对各提取物进行药效学研究,确定葡萄籽原花青素降血脂有效部位。结果：葡萄籽原花青素提取物10%、30%、50%乙醇部位具有明显降低高血脂大鼠模型的TG的含量（P<0.01）;同时50%乙醇部位还可以明显降低高血脂大鼠模型的ALT和AST含量（P<0.01）;10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇部位能抑制Lee’S指数的升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）;10%乙醇组显著升高肾脏指数;10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇组能显著升高脾脏指数（P<0.01）;10%、50%、70%乙醇组能显著降低总脂指数（P<0.01）。结论：50%乙醇部位葡萄籽原花青素提取物为葡萄籽降血脂有效部位。     

8株海洋真菌的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性筛选

目的通过抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性双生物活性筛选模型评估来源于东海海洋的8株海洋真菌提取物的生物活性。方法对8株海洋真菌菌体甲醇提取物和发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物进行体外抗氧化活性(DPPH法)和抗肿瘤(MTT法)双生物活性模型筛选研究。结果菌株251#,28#,111#的发酵液提取物在剂量为2mg.mL-1时,对DPPH的清除率大于90%;当剂量为50μg.mL-1时,菌株28#,111#,21#发酵液提取物对HeLa和H460肿瘤细胞的抑制率均大于50%。结论菌株28#,111#发酵液提取物在体外具有较强的清除自由基的能力,对HeLa和H460肿瘤细胞具有较高的细胞毒性。提示菌株28#,111#的活性代谢产物可能来源于菌株生长过程中产生的胞外物。同时,表明海洋真菌是潜在的活性代谢产物的重要来源。     

银杏叶提取物改善血液流变学及临床应用的研究进展

临床研究表明,银杏叶提取物(GBE)治疗高血压、高血脂、脑梗死、冠心病、急性脑血栓、糖尿病肾病等与血液流变学有关的疾病疗效佳。本文对近年来GBE在改善患者血液流变学及临床应用方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

海洋微藻体外抗肿瘤血管生成活性的研究

目的研究海洋微藻提取物对肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法采用MTT法测定6种海洋微藻的12种提取物对正常的血管内皮细胞、肿瘤细胞培养液诱导的内皮细胞的增殖影响;采用创伤愈合法测定了肿瘤细胞培养液诱导的内皮细胞迁移影响。结果亚心形扁藻、新月菱形藻、小球藻、米氏凯伦藻的70%乙醇提取物均在一定程度上抑制肿瘤细胞培养液诱导的ECV304细胞的增殖;小球藻、米氏凯伦藻的水提取物、70%乙醇提取物能够抑制肿瘤细胞诱导液对ECV304迁移的促进作用。结论一些海洋微藻具有抑制肿瘤血管生成活性。     

浙江舟山群岛12种海洋动物中生物活性物质的初步筛选

利用抗菌模型和肿瘤细胞毒模型,对浙江舟山群岛12种海洋动物中的生物活性物质进行了筛选。 结果表明,7种动物的乙醇提取物有明显的抗金黄色葡萄球菌作用,其中,泥螺乙醇提取物的活性最强;大竹 蛏和泥螺的乙醇提取物以及纵条肌海葵的水提物对SMMU-7721细胞有明显的细胞毒活性,IC50分别为89, 71,63.2μg·mL-1。     

Plasma electrolyte changes after ingestion of bile extract of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in rats

Some Chinese people believe that eating the gallbladder of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may improve their visual acuity. However, ingestion of grass-carp bile, in severe cases, may kill human beings and experimental animals. The cause of death after eating grass-carp bile was studied in rats. The bile acid fraction was prepared from the n-hexane-insoluble and alcohol-soluble parts of grass-carp and hog bile. The bile extract (6 ml/kg, 15%) was administrated by gastric intubation to conscious female Long-Evans rats. Ingestion of grass-carp bile extract killed all the experimental rats in 2–8 h and was associated with a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in plasma potassium, hydrogen ions, blood urea nitrogen and hematocrit. However, rats that ingested hog bile or saline showed no significant changes in the measured parameters. If the rats were fed cholestyramine-treated grass-carp bile extract, they survived without significant change in the measured parameters. This report demonstrates that a drastic increase in plasma potassium and hydrogen ions probably caused the death of the rats, and also shows that bile acid (alcohol) in grass-carp bile is related to the toxicity.     

Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract in combination with dosed physical load on hemorheological parameters of rats with myocardial infarction

The administration of the extract from Rhaponticum carthamoides (150 mg/kg, p.o., for 10 days) in combination with dosed low-power exercise in rats with experimental myocardial infarction led to an improvement of hemorheological indices, which was manifested by a decrease in the whole blood viscosity, aggregation of erythrocytes, and increase in erythrocyte deformability. In particular, the extract from R. carthamoides contributed to an increase in the hematocrit/blood viscosity, which was indicative of an improvement of the blood overall oxygen transport capacity. In addition, administration of the extract in combination with dosed exercise favored normalization of the lactate and pyruvate concentrations in blood of rats with myocardial infarction.     

乌头提取物对心衰大鼠抗氧化能力的研究

目的：探讨乌头提取物对心衰大鼠抗氧化能力,并明确乌头提取物治疗心衰的作用。方法选取90只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,空白组30只,对照组30只及实验组30只。实验组和对照组采用腹主动脉缩窄法制作慢性心衰大鼠模型。造模成功后对照组给予注射地高辛20 mg· kg－1,连续干预28 d;实验组在对照组的基础上加用乌头提取物,灌胃0．04 mg· kg－1,干预28 d,空白组以等体积生理盐水尾静脉注射0．04 g· kg－1。干预结束后,对大鼠采用腹腔注射麻醉方法,取腹主动脉血离心后取上层血清,按试剂盒方法测定超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）、丙二醛（ MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（ GSH）。结果造模结束后,实验组与对照组SOD、MDA与GSH水平明显低于空白组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。实验组与对照组SOD、MDA与GSH水平无明显差别,（ P＞0．05）;干预7 d及28 d后,与空白组相比,实验组与对照组SOD、MDA与GSH水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,与对照组相比,实验组SOD、MDA与GSH水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论向心衰大鼠体内注射乌头提取物,对提高心衰机体的抗氧化能力、改善心功能不全指导意义,值得临床推广。     

Accumulation of gliotoxin, a cytotoxic mycotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus, in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis).

A strain of Aspergillus fumigatus has been isolated from sediments of a mussel bed. When cultured in hyper saline conditions (with sea-water), it produces a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive toxin, gliotoxin, which is excreted in an exudate. In order to know if this toxin could represent a risk for shellfish consumers, an experiment of bioaccumulation of gliotoxin in mussel has been carried out. After 6 days of contamination, toxin was accumulated in the meat of the mussels, at a level up to 2.9 microg/mg of extract weight, with a mode of contamination different to the classical digestive process described for a majority of marine toxins, but similar to the contamination mode of domoic acid.     

Anti-inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions of Cleome gynandra L. studied in adjuvant induced arthritic rats.

The present study was aimed to assess the anti-arthritic nature of Cleome gynandra L. (Cat's whiskers) against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The ethanolic extract of C. gynandra was administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for 30 days to the experimental rats after the induction of adjuvant arthritis. The anti-inflammatory activity of C. gynandra leaves was assessed by paw volume measurement, and its capacity to stabilize lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma and liver of control and experimental rats. The activity of pathophysiological enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, cathepsin-D, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase LDH and the levels of glycoproteins were also estimated in plasma and liver. The increased levels of both lysosomal enzymes and protein-bound carbohydrates in arthritic rats were significantly suppressed to near normal level by the administration of C. gynandra extract. Further, the significantly elevated plasma levels of TNF-alpha found in arthritic rats were found to be significantly restored back to near normal levels by the extract in experimental animals. The membrane stabilizing activity of the extract was further evidenced by histological observations made on the limb tissue. Recently, we have reported the presence of many biologically active phyto chemicals such as triterpenes, tannins, anthroquinones, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, resins, lectins, glycosides, sugars, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids in the extract of C. gynandra and these compounds might be responsible for the anti-arthritic properties observed in the present study. The possible mechanism of action of the C. gynandra extract may be through its stabilizing action on lysosomal membranes and there by preventing the spread of inflammation.     

新生儿高胆红素血症1082例临床分析

目的考察竹节参提取物对大鼠的长期毒性,为该药的安全剂量范围提供实验依据。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组和竹节参提取物低、中、高剂量（生药3.2、6.4、12.8 g.kg-1）组,日剂量分别为临床成人用量的25、50、100倍,每周6次,连续灌胃给药180 d,停药恢复30 d。给药期间及恢复期间,观察大鼠的一般状况,并记录每周的进食量和体重变化。给药期结束和恢复期结束后分别检测大鼠血液学指标和血清生化指标,取主要脏器并计算脏器指数,同时进行系统观察和组织病理学检查。结果与对照组相比,给药期间竹节参提取物中、高剂量组的红细胞压积（HCT）、白细胞（WBC）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和葡萄糖（GLU）的含量显著升高;停药30 d后,以上指标恢复正常。大鼠一般状况、进食量、体重、其他血常规和血液生化指标、脏器指数及病理组织学等无影响。结论竹节参提取物对大鼠给药的基本安全剂量为生药3.2 g.kg-1。     

Valeriana jatamansi partially reverses liver cirrhosis and tissue hyperproliferative response in rat

Valeriana jatamansi (family, Valerianaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb in the Indian subcontinent. This study provides experimental evidence indicating the therapeutic effect of the extract prepared from the dried rhizome of the herb in an animal model of liver cirrhosis and on cell proliferation. Liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide (0.03% in drinking water for 16 weeks). After inducing liver cirrhosis, rats were administered the extract orally for 9 weeks. Treatment was found to partially reverse the elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and selected biochemical markers of hepatic injury including drug-metabolizing enzymes. Histopathology of the hepatic tissue confirmed the therapeutic effect of the extract which corroborated with the biochemical changes. The extract is also reported to ameliorate hepatic cell proliferation in rats injected with thioacetamide. The study has implications in finding a treatment for liver cirrhosis in humans.     

Hepatoprotective properties of liquid extract of Rhodiola rosea

The effect of a liquid extract from Rhodiola rosea on the functional state of rat liver with experimental toxic hepatitis was studied. The extract produces a hepatoprotective effect, as manifested by normalized activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, normalized content of medium-molecular-weight peptides, urea, and bilirubin, and reduced activity of alanine aminotransferase and glutathione-S-transferase in the blood plasma of rats with the toxic hepatitis model.     

Hepatoprotective effect of granules of the dry extract obtained from Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma]

The granulated dry extract from Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma in a dose of 0.1 g/kg produced a pronounced therapeutic effect in rats with experimental toxic (tetrachloromethane) and drug-induced (tetracycline) hepatitis. The gentian extract improved the bile production and secretion functions of liver, normalized the protein, lipid, and pigment metabolism, and increased the antioxidant system activity in the test animals.     

Hypotensive activity, toxicology and histopathology of opuntioside-I and methanolic extract of Opuntia dillenii

Methanolic extract of Opuntia dillenii cladodes and its pure compound alpha-pyrone glycoside, opuntioside-I showed potent hypotensive activity in normotensive rats. Both the extract and opuntioside-I showed comparable effect of 44-54% fall in Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) at the dose of 10 mg/kg. No mortality was observed in rats even at the doses of 1000 mg/kg/d and 900 mg/kg/d per oral of extract and opuntioside-I respectively. However, histopathology revealed adverse effects of high doses on liver and spleen of the experimental animals.