雌激素影响小鼠腹腔脂肪代谢作用机制的初步探讨

目的　研究雌激素在小鼠卵巢功能正常和卵巢切除时对腹腔脂肪代谢的影响。方法　3个月龄的雌性C5 7BL/6J小鼠40只,随机分4组,分别为正常对照,正常+雌激素,卵巢切除和卵巢切除+雌激素组,每组10只。小鼠摘除卵巢后饲养至7个月龄处死,检测腹腔脂肪重量。将2组给雌激素的小鼠于处死前60d分别皮下埋植控释雌激素(17β雌二醇)药丸(0.18mg/丸) ,以观察雌激素在卵巢功能正常和缺乏时对小鼠腹腔脂肪积聚的影响。结果　各组腹腔脂肪重量比较:卵巢切除组比正常对照组重,差别显著(P<0.05) ;正常+雌激素组与正常对照组比较无显著差别(P>0.05) ;卵巢切除+雌激素组比卵巢切除组轻,差别显著(P<0.05) ,与正常对照组比较无显著差别(P>0.05)。结论　卵巢切除明显导致腹腔脂肪积聚,而雌激素在卵巢切除时可以明显减少小鼠的腹腔脂肪积聚,但在卵巢功能正常时予以雌激素并不影响腹腔脂肪代谢,提示雌激素单独作用可以影响机体脂肪代谢,但其他性激素对雌激素的作用具有一定的影响     

雌激素影响小鼠腹腔脂肪代谢作用机制的初步探讨

目的研究雌激素在小鼠卵巢功能正常和卵巢切除时对腹腔脂肪代谢的影响.方法3个月龄的雌性C57BL/6J小鼠40只,随机分4组,分别为正常对照,正常 雌激素,卵巢切除和卵巢切除 雌激素组,每组10只.小鼠摘除卵巢后饲养至7个月龄处死,检测腹腔脂肪重量.将2组给雌激素的小鼠于处死前60d分别皮下埋植控释雌激素(17β-雌二醇)药丸(0.18mg/丸),以观察雌激素在卵巢功能正常和缺乏时对小鼠腹腔脂肪积聚的影响.结果各组腹腔脂肪重量比较:卵巢切除组比正常对照组重,差别显著(P＜0.05);正常 雌激素组与正常对照组比较无显著差别(P＞0.05);卵巢切除 雌激素组比卵巢切除组轻,差别显著(P＜0.05),与正常对照组比较无显著差别(P＞0.05).结论卵巢切除明显导致腹腔脂肪积聚,而雌激素在卵巢切除时可以明显减少小鼠的腹腔脂肪积聚,但在卵巢功能正常时予以雌激素并不影响腹腔脂肪代谢,提示雌激素单独作用可以影响机体脂肪代谢,但其他性激素对雌激素的作用具有一定的影响.     

雌激素影响中枢神经递质代谢的实验研究

目的:研究卵巢切除(OVX)与雌激素替代(ER)对小鼠脑部海马区主要神经递质含量的影响。方法:实验动物分为对照组和卵巢切除组,卵巢切除组又分为不给药、给药7d和给药40 d的亚组。3个月月龄的雌性C5 7BL/6J小鼠(n=40 )摘除卵巢后至7个月月龄,于断头取标本前7d和40d分别给以雌激素(17β-雌二醇)。取小鼠脑海马分别测定Ch AT,NA,5 -HT的含量和活性。结果:卵巢切除未给雌激素小鼠子宫明显比对照组轻,(P<0.05)。而卵巢切除给雌激素7d及40 d亚组小鼠子宫重量比卵巢切除未用雌激素小鼠重(P<0.01)。卵巢切除组Ch AT活性和NA及5-HT递质含量与对照组比较显著下降(P<0.05 ) ;卵巢切除组给雌激素7d和40 d亚组并未增加Ch AT,NA和5 -HT的含量和活性。结论:雌激素去除降低了脑部的主要中枢神经递质的活性和含量,而且随时间的延长下降更明显,单纯的雌激素的替代对中枢神经递质的含量和活性并不能产生作用     

雌激素影响中枢神经递质代谢的实验研究

目的：研究卵巢切除（OVZ）与雌激素替代（ER）对小鼠脑部海马区主要神经递质含量的影响。方法：实验动物分为对照组和卵巢切除组，卵巢切除组又分为不给药，给药7d和给药40d的亚组。3个月月龄的雌性C57BL／6J小鼠（n=40)摘除卵巢后至7个月月龄，于断头取标本前7d和40d分别给以雌激素（17β-雌二醇）。取小鼠脑海马分别测定ChAT,NA,5-HT的含量和活性。结果：卵巢切除未给雌激素小鼠子宫明显比对照组轻，（P＜0．05）。而卵巢切除给雌激素7d及40d亚组小鼠子宫重量比卵巢切除未用激素小鼠重（P＜0．01）。卵巢切除组ChAT活性和NA及5－HT递质含量与对照组比较显著下降（P＜0．05），卵巢切除组给雌激素7d和40d亚组并未增加ChAT,NA和5－HT的含量和活性。结论：雌激素去除降低了脑部的主要中枢神经递质的活性和含量，而且随时间的时间的延长下降更明显，单纯的雌激素的替代对中枢神经递质的含量和活性并不能产生作用。ββ     

大鼠双侧卵巢自体异位移植的功能研究

目的　为了模拟在体卵巢释放激素的生理功能 ,将成年大鼠的双卵巢切除后行自体腹腔移植 ,观察其移植效果 ,为临床卵巢移植提供实验依据 ,探索治疗围绝经期综合征的新途径。方法　将性成熟的 SD雌性大鼠的双侧卵巢切除 ,两个卵巢立即行自体腹腔移植 ,通过观察阴道脱落细胞变化、子宫角形态及测定血清雌激素水平 ,了解移植后大鼠的内分泌情况 ,判断移植成功与否以及内分泌功能如何。结果　移植组阴道脱落细胞 7/8显示有雌激素分泌 ,子宫角形态及血清的雌激素水平明显优于去势组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与正常组差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　新鲜卵巢自体移植后 ,能分泌雌激素 ,并作用于靶器官维持其功能 ,为临床卵巢移植提供了实验依据。卵巢移植有可能成为临床治疗卵巢内分泌功能不足的新方法。     

雌激素改善小鼠学习记忆的实验研究

目的 :研究雌激素去除 (OVX)与雌激素替代 (ERT)对小鼠T迷宫学习记忆的影响。方法 :3mo鼠龄的雄性C 5 7BL/ 6J小鼠 6 0只 ,随机分 2组 ,分别为假手术组和卵巢切除组 ,每组又分为不给雌激素、给雌激素 7d、给雌激素 4 0d的 3个亚组 ,每组 10只。小鼠摘除卵巢后饲养至 7mo鼠龄进行迷宫实验 ,将 2组小鼠于迷宫测试前 7d和 4 0d分别埋植控释雌激素 (17β 雌二醇 )药丸每丸 0 .18mg ,测试各组小鼠对T迷宫的正确选择次数。结果 :卵巢切除组不给雌激素亚组其正确选择次数明显下降 ,与假手术组的不给雌激素亚组比较 ,d 1,d2和d 3为 (42± 10 ) %vs (5 4± 9) % ,(47± 11) %vs (6 2± 10 ) %和 (5 0± 10 ) %vs (6 8± 10 ) %均P<0 .0 1;给雌激素 7d和 4 0d亚组其正确选择次数明显提高d 1,d 2和d 3为 (5 7± 7) %vs (42±10 ) % ,(6 5± 11) %vs (47± 11) %和 (77± 11) %vs(5 0± 10 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ,而且长期给雌激素亚组其正确选择次数明显高于短期给雌激素亚组。假手术组的不给雌激素和给雌激素组其正确次数差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :雌激素去除明显损害了小鼠的学习记忆能力 ,而雌激素替代可以改善小鼠的学习记忆能力 ,正常小鼠予雌激素负荷并不能影响其学习记忆过程     

Study on Quality of Life in Perimenopausal Women after Different Surgical Procedures of Uterus and Ovary

目的:探讨围绝经期女性子宫切除同时是否保留卵巢对其生活质量的影响.方法:将因子宫或卵巢良性疾病而行手术的围绝经期女性分为3组.A组(40例)为子宫切除术+双附件切除,B组(20例)为子宫切除术+一侧附件切除,C组(40例)为单纯子宫切除术.分别在术前及术后2个月、6个月测定血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)水平,并随访至术后6个月.结果:术后2个月和6个月A组与B、C组相比,体内激素水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组与C组相比,术后2个月激素水平下降差异有统计学意义,术后6个月差异无统计学意义.A组围绝经期症状较明显;术后6个月B、C组间围绝经期症状表现差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:围绝经期女性行子宫切除术时同时切除卵巢会出现较明显绝经期综合征.     

葛石胶囊对去卵巢大鼠子宫和阴道的影响

目的 明确葛石胶囊对主要分布雌激素α受体的子宫和阴道的影响.方法采用模拟人类妇女绝经期的雌性切除双侧卵巢大鼠模型,随机分成正常组、假手术组、模型组、雌激素组及葛石胶囊大、中、小剂量组.手术后第2周开始给药,持续6周.结果模型组子宫和阴道的湿重及指数明显减少;雌激素可使其增加至正常范围,葛石胶囊各组也可使其有不同程度增加...     

雌激素及植物雌激素对去卵巢大鼠子宫组织VEGF表达和形态的影响

目的比较雌激素及植物雌激素对去卵巢大鼠子宫组织VEGF和形态表达的影响。方法48只Wistar大鼠随机分为8组:假手术组(Sham)、去卵巢组(Ovx)、17β-雌二醇组(Ovx+Est)、17-β雌二醇+黄体酮组(Ovx+Est+Pro)、黄体酮组(Ovx+Pro)、染料木素组(Ovx+Gen)、白黎芦醇组(Ovx+Res)、根皮素组(Ovx+Phl)。给药21 d,用蛋白免疫印迹法观察各组子宫VEGF的表达、并用免疫组化对VEGF的表达部位和其形态学变化进行观察。结果与Sham组比较,Ovx组的VEGF表达下调;与Ovx比较,Ovx+Est和Ovx+Est+Pro两组VEGF表达均明显上调。Gen、Res和Phl对卵巢切除大鼠VEGF无影响。大鼠卵巢切除后,子宫明显萎缩且重量下降。皮下注射Est或Est合并Pro后,子宫组织密度增加,子宫被覆上皮细胞和腺体明显增生。皮下注射Gen和Phl后,子宫形态变化类似卵巢切除大鼠,注射Res可促进去卵巢大鼠子宫腺体的增生,但作用没有雌激素强。结论雌孕激素使VEGF表达明显上调;植物雌激素Res有促进腺泡增生作用。     

子宫、卵巢不同术式对围绝经期女性生活质量的影响

目的:探讨围绝经期女性子宫切除同时是否保留卵巢对其生活质量的影响。方法:将因子宫或卵巢良性疾病而行手术的围绝经期女性分为3组。A组(40例)为子宫切除术+双附件切除,B组(20例)为子宫切除术+一侧附件切除,C组(40例)为单纯子宫切除术。分别在术前及术后2个月、6个月测定血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)水平,并随访至术后6个月。结果:术后2个月和6个月A组与B、C组相比,体内激素水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B组与C组相比,术后2个月激素水平下降差异有统计学意义,术后6个月差异无统计学意义。A组围绝经期症状较明显;术后6个月B、C组间围绝经期症状表现差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:围绝经期女性行子宫切除术时同时切除卵巢会出现较明显绝经期综合征。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.