我院2012年中药注射剂的使用及管理分析

目的:了解我院中药注射剂使用现状,为临床用药提供参考。方法:对2012年中药注射剂的用药金额、用药频度、日均费用等进行统计。结果:中药注射剂使用7种,使用金额占总药品销售金额的3.56%;金额和DDDs均排序前3位的是注射用血栓通、香丹注射液、清开灵注射液,同步性好。结论:我院中药注射剂临床使用合理;其安全性、有效性有待重视。     

我院2007年住院患者抗肿瘤药物应用情况及分析

目的通过分析住院患者抗肿瘤药物应用情况,探讨其使用趋势和应用合理性,为临床合理用药提供参考,方法对2007年住院患者抗肿瘤药物的品种、消耗量、用药金额和用药频度（DDDs）等进行统计分析。结果统计显示患者应用抗肿瘤药物6大类共81个品种,DDDs排序前3位的是香菇多糖注射液、注射用重组人白介素-2和植入用缓释氟尿嘧啶;用药金额排序前3位的是植入用缓释氟尿嘧啶、香菇多糖注射液和注射用奥沙利铂,结论抗肿瘤药物治疗的现状及用药倾向基本符合我国当前药品消耗总趋势。     

我院2006年口腔颌面外科住院患者用药分析

目的:分析我院口腔颌面外科住院患者的用药情况,为加强药物合理应用提供参考。方法:对我院2006年口腔颌面外科住院患者的用药种类、销售金额、用药数量及用药频度(DDDs)等进行统计、分析。结果:麻醉药、抗感染药和水、电解质及酸碱平衡药销售金额最多,分别占药品总销售金额的30.18%、24.60%和16.12%;单品种销售金额排序列前3位的是丙泊酚注射液、注射用头孢呋辛钠和氯化钠注射液,DDDs排序列前3位的是维生素C注射液、注射用青霉素钠、氯化钠注射液。结论:我院口腔颌面外科住院患者用药品种较为单一,以麻醉药、抗感染药和水、电解质及酸碱平衡药为主,给药途径以静脉给药为主,尚需加强抗感染药的合理应用。     

我院肿瘤中心2010年抗肿瘤药物使用分析

目的:分析我院肿瘤中心2010年抗肿瘤药物使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:利用我院微机管理系统汇总2010年肿瘤科抗肿瘤药物的应用数据,并进行统计分析。结果:我院肿瘤中心2010年住院患者使用抗肿瘤药物6类78个品种,DDDs排序前3位的分别是卡培他滨、顺铂和乌苯美司,用药金额排序前3位的分别是多西他赛注射液(16.08%)、注射用奥沙利铂(8.36%)、利妥昔单抗(8.02%)。结论:我院抗肿瘤药物的使用符合当前国内该类药品的消耗总趋势,使用情况基本合理。     

230例心脏支架植入患者用药分析

目的分析心脏支架植入患者的用药情况,为临床用药提供参考。方法以2008年心脏内科支架植入患者住院病历中长期医嘱、临时医嘱为依据,以用药频度排序、用药金额排序法进行统计分析。结果用药频度排序前5位的药品是硫酸氢氯吡格雷片、肠溶阿司匹林片、注射用左卡尼汀、单硝酸异山梨酯片、美托洛尔片,用药金额排序前5位的药品是注射用左卡尼汀、疏血通注射液、碘海醇注射液、低分子肝素钙注射液、注射用头孢哌酮他唑巴坦,用药种类排序前3位的药物是循环系统用药、抗微生物药物、中枢神经系统用药。结论所调查的心脏支架植入患者的抗微生物药物使用不符合《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,疏血通注射液、注射用左卡尼汀使用剂量偏大,疗程偏长。临床应减少心脏支架植入患者的辅助治疗药物,规范使用抗菌药物,减轻患者经济负担。     

某院住院患者中药注射剂的临床应用分析

目的了解中药注射剂在我院的使用情况,为指导合理用药提供依据。方法根据2014年销售额和销售数量,计算用药频率,对结果进行用药分析;根据药品说明书,总结药品应用疗程和对肝肾功能影响;分析我院中药注射剂2014年不良反应上报情况。结果销售金额在前10名的主要为活血化瘀类的心脑血管用药和补中益气药;丹红注射液、注射用红花黄色素、鸦胆子油乳注射液同步性较好,患者应用注射用益气复脉经济负担相对较重;中药注射剂的不良反应发生率较高。结论中药注射剂在我院应用较普遍,在临床应用中要严密关注不良反应,确保临床用药安全合理、经济有效。     

2009—2010年我院抗菌药物应用分析

目的了解我院抗菌药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用销售金额排序和用药频度(DDDs)排序分析方法对我院2009—2010年抗菌药物的使用情况进行统计分析。结果我院抗菌药物销售金额占药品总销售金额的比例有所下降;头孢菌素类、β内酰胺酶抑制剂、喹诺酮类药销售金额排序各年度均列抗菌药物的前3位;庆大霉素注射液和庆大霉素片分列DDDs排序首位。结论我院抗菌药物使用基本合理,但仍存在不合理性和盲目性、用药档次偏高等问题,需进一步加强监管,合理用药,减少耐药菌的产生。     

2009-2010年我院抗菌药物应用分析

目的 了解我院抗菌药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 采用销售金额排序和用药频度(DDDs)排序分析方法对我院2009-2010年抗菌药物的使用情况进行统计分析.结果 我院抗菌药物销售金额占药品总销售金额的比例有所下降;头孢菌素类、β内酰胺酶抑制剂、喹诺酮类药销售金额排序各年度均列抗菌药物的前3位;庆大霉素注射液和庆大霉素片分列DDDs排序首位.结论 我院抗菌药物使用基本合理,但仍存在不合理性和盲目性、用药档次偏高等问题,需进一步加强监管,合理用药,减少耐药菌的产生.     

2016—2018年河南中医药大学第一附属医院心血管科中药注射剂应用分析

目的:了解河南中医药大学第一附属医院(以下简称“我院”)心血管科中药注射剂临床使用情况,为客观评价科室用药、促进临床合理用药提供理论依据。方法:提取2016—2018年我院心血管科中药注射剂的使用种类、用量及销售金额等数据,采用用药频度(defined daily dose system,DDDs)、限定日费用(defined daily cost,DDC)及药品销售金额排序(B)/DDDs排序(A)等评价指标,对科室用药情况进行统计、分析。结果:2016—2018年,我院心血管科中药注射剂的销售金额方面呈逐年增长趋势,中药注射剂销售金额占注射剂总销售金额的比例>60%;3年来,丹红注射液、大株红景天注射液、注射用血栓通(冻干)、心脉隆注射液、注射用益气复脉(冻干)以及注射用红花黄色素等的销售金额排序均居前10位;丹红注射液的DDDs排序居第1位,其B/A连续3年>2,说明该药价格便宜且临床医师和患者易于接受,在临床上应用广泛。结论:我院心血管科中药注射剂的临床使用基本合理,符合临床疾病特点与患者需求。     

呼吸内科住院患者抗菌药物应用调查分析

目的调查我院呼吸内科住院患者抗菌药物临床应用情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对2009—2011年我院呼吸内科395例住院患者抗菌药物的品种数、用药金额、用药频度(DDDs)、合理性等进行统计分析。结果患者抗菌药物使用频度前3位为注射用头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠、左氧氟沙星注射液、注射用克林霉素磷酸酯,病原菌送检率52.91%,检出率18.99%。存在主要问题是用药疗程过长及剂量偏大。结论我院呼吸内科住院患者抗菌药物使用基本合理,但仍存在某些不合理问题需改进。     

Pharmaceutical services in U.S. hospitals in 1989.

The results of a spring 1989 national survey of hospital-based pharmacy services are reported. The study group (n = 2112) comprised half of U.S. acute-care general surgical or medical hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds. Pharmacy directors were asked about their hospital's provision of 14 clinical pharmacy services. The survey had a response rate of 56% (1174 usable responses). Provision levels varied significantly with the pharmacy drug delivery system for 14 services, pharmacy director's education for 12 services, hospital teaching affiliation for 12 services, hospital ownership for 9 services, hospital size for 9 services, and geographic region for 5 services. The following percentages of respondents offered specific services: drug-use evaluation, 90%; inservice education, 66%; adverse drug reaction (ADR) management, 46%; drug therapy monitoring, 41%; pharmacokinetic consultations, 40%; parenteral-enteral nutrition team participation, 28%; patient medication counseling, 26%; drug therapy protocol management, 25%; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team participation, 25%; clinical research, 22%; drug information, 16%; participation in medical rounds, 13%; poison information, 9%; and medication histories, 2%. Pharmacist staffing requirements for clinical services usually centralized within the department were highest for drug information and poison information. Within hospitals offering the services, four of nine patient-specific services were potentially available to more than half the patients: ADR management, CPR team participation, drug therapy monitoring, and nutrition team participation. Drug therapy protocol management required the most pharmacist staff time. Only one service, pharmacokinetic consultations, was justified by more than half of the providers of that service. Respondents expected all the services to undergo net growth during 1989-90. The 1989 National Clinical Pharmacy Services Survey showed that provision of clinical pharmacy services varied with the pharmacy drug delivery system, pharmacy director's education, hospital teaching affiliation, hospital ownership, hospital size, and geographic region.     

Proceedings. Radioactivity in diet.

Male and female Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to the smoke of [¹⁴C]dotriacontane-16,17 ([¹⁴C]DOT)-labelled cigarettes in 2 different exposure systems. These 2 systems differed in terms of the smoke concentration drawn into the exposure chamber. To compare the effectiveness of the exposure systems, the inhaled dose of ¹⁴C-labelled cigarette smoke was determined in the different parts of the hamster respiratory tract by liquid scintillation counting. About 6 times more smoke particles were deposited in the respiratory tract after exposure to high smoke concentration with intermittent puffs of fresh air (closed system) than after exposure to smoke diluted with air (open system). About 80% of the diluted smoke reached the bronchi and lung compared to approximately 60% of the concentrated smoke. The remainder of the dose was trapped in the upper respiratory tract, mainly by the nose and larynx. Additionally, in the open system the total dose of inhaled smoke was dependent upon the position in the exposure chamber. The results are discussed with respect to the use of the exposure systems for chronic cigarette smoke inhalation studies in experimental respiratory tract carcinogenesis.     

Nonlinearities in amoxycillin pharmacokinetics. I. Disposition studies in the rat.

Several features of amoxycillin pharmacokinetics in man are not well known in spite of the extensive clinical use of the antibiotic. In this paper it is demonstrated that amoxycillin disposition kinetics in rats is clearly nonlinear, and that this may be due mainly to its elimination mechanisms. At different intravenous bolus dose levels, and in steady-state perfusion studies, the most striking feature is an increased renal clearance as dose increases (from 3.5 to 7.0 mg kg-1 for intravenous bolus, and from 4.6 to 20.0 micrograms min-1 for intravenous perfusions). This phenomenon has been attributed to a saturation of the active renal tubular reabsorption of the antibiotic. When the intravenous dose is substantially increased (28.0 mg kg-1 bolus), plasma clearance tends to stabilize, probably because saturation of the active tubular secretion of amoxycillin takes place at these doses. Extrarenal clearance seems to remain linear throughout the entire dose range. On the basis of these observations and a review of selected bibliography, an interpretation of the kinetic disposition behaviour of amoxycillin in man is attempted.