紫外-可见分光光度法在药物分析中的应用

紫外-可见分光光度法是《中国药典》中药物分析常用的分析方法,在药物分析中主要应用于药物的鉴别、杂质检查、含量测定、含量均匀度和溶出度的检查等方面。《中国药典》中紫外一可见分光光度法是化学药物的原料药和制剂分析常用的分析方法,同时也用于中药、生物制品以及体内药物的分析。     

浅谈2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》纯化水检查方法的完善

目的 对《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版二部附录XVI制药用水项下纯化水中酸碱度、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨以及微生物的检查方法提出修改建议。方法 对纯化水中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及氨的检查中所用试剂和比色器皿的使用、操作方法进行分析探讨,提出平皿法能否用于纯化水微生物的检查,探讨了仪器分析在纯化水各指标检查中使用的可行性。结果 明确了纯化水杂质检查比色器皿的选择及试剂量的精密度范围等;平皿法适用于对纯化水中微生物的检查,可以替代薄膜过滤法;仪器分析是纯化水检查的发展趋势,值得提倡。结论 应完善并及时修订纯化水中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及氨的检查标准;微生物检查方法使用薄膜过滤法或平皿法均可;《中国药典》应提倡利用仪器分析等现代技术手段对纯化水进行检查检测。     

《中国药典》中纯化水硝酸盐检查浅谈

目的:对《中国药典》2010年版二部纯化水中硝酸盐检查方法提出修改建议.方法:对纯化水中硝酸盐检查方法的比色器皿的使用、操作方法进行分析、比较.结果:纯化水硝酸盐检查方法存在比色器皿使用不妥当、操作不规范而使结果判断产生偏离.结论:应完善纯化水中硝酸盐检查方法并及时修订.     

注射用头孢呋辛钠溶液颜色检查不合格测定结果分析

目的针对4批颜色不合格注射用头孢呋辛钠进行结果分析。方法目测法和紫外-可见分光光度法检查注射用头孢呋辛钠溶液颜色,并采用2种溶剂对样品作不同处理。结果3次目测法结果与1次紫外-可见分光光度法测定结果基本一致,2种溶剂对检查结果没有明显影响。结论紫外-可见分光光度法可与目测法相结合,作为注射用头孢呋辛钠颜色的检查手段之一。     

饮水中硝酸盐氮测定方法的探讨

水中硝酸盐氮来自硝酸盐矿物质的溶解 ,化学肥料、某些工业废水的污染和有机含氮化合物受微生物硝化转变为硝酸盐。其中绝大多数是以动物性污染而来。采用紫外分光光度法则定水中硝酸盐氮效果满意 ,现报道如下。1检测方法与步骤1 1测定方法 :用紫外分光光度法。原理 :硝酸根离子在波长220nm处有特殊吸收峰 ,可定量测定。仪器 :UV—260紫外可见分光光度计 (日本岛津制作所产) ,1cm石英比色杯 ,25ml具塞比色管 ;试剂 :(1)去离子水 :220nm及275nm处的ABS值应近于零。(2)氮氧化铝悬浮液 :称取125g硫酸铝钾或硫酸铝铵 ,溶于1升蒸馏水中 ,加热至…     

维生素C片3种含量测定方法的比较

目的：比较高效液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法和碘量法测定维生素C片含量的可靠性和准确性。方法：参照《中国药典》2015年版及相关文献分别采用高效液相色谱法、紫外-可见光分光光度法、碘量法对维生素C片中维生素C的含量进行测定。结果：高效液相色谱法的含量测定结果为标示量的98.7%～102.4%;紫外-可见光分光光度法的含量测定结果为标示量98.7%～102.1%;碘量法的含量测定结果为标示量98.6%～100.5%,三种方法的含量测定结果均符合2015年版《中国药典》93．0％～107．0％的规定。结论：三种方法的含量测定结果没有显著差异,均可以用于维     

酚酞片含量测定方法的改进

目的对《中国药典》2010年版二部收载的酚酞片含量测定进行改进。方法用紫外一可见分光光度法,分别用改进的方法与《中国药典》收载的方法对5种不同批次,不同厂家的酚酞片进行含量测定。结果改进的方法与《中国药典》收载的方法相比,其含量测定结果一致。结论新设计的操作方法比《中国药典》收载的方法更加简便,测定结果也更为准确。     

关于硫酸沙丁胺醇片含量测定方法商榷

《中国药典》2000年版二部收载的硫酸沙丁胺醇片质量标准中,与上版药典比较将含量测定由紫外分光光度法改为HPLC法,紫外分光光度法采用E1m值法测定含量,由于其E1m为59,在试验中带来的误差较大.HPLC法具有精度高,分离好的优点,这对于提高产品质量具有重要作用.     

斯泰尔康胶囊溶出度测定方法的研究

目的建立斯泰尔康胶囊溶出度的测定方法。方法采用紫外-可见分光光度法,以318nm为测定波长,按2005年版《中国药典》附录ⅩC溶出度测定法第三法进行测定。结果3批样品在30min内均溶出75%以上。结论本方法可用于斯泰尔康胶囊溶出度的测定。     

地西洋片含量的HPLC法与分光光度法

地西洋片为抗焦虑、抗惊厥药,含量测定中国药典采用紫外分光光度法。由于此法分辨率低,有杂质吸收峰,对实验结果有影响,故本文采用高效液相色谱法和前述方法分别对５批地西洋片含量进行测定,并将结果进行比较．实验结果表明,高效液相色谱法较分光光度法操作简便,成本低,结果准确．１仪器与试剂 ＬＣ－４Ａ高效液相色谱仪;Ｗａｔｅｒ４９０紫外检测器,５１０输液泵; ７４０数据处理器,Ｕｖ－２１０紫外分光光度计;地西洋、萘对照品由中国生物制品检定所提供．甲醇,硫酸为分析纯,样品为市售品．２色谱条件 色谱柱： ６ｍｍ×ｌ…     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.