灯盏花素注射液对肺心病的疗效观察

灯盏花素是从中药灯盏细辛中提取的灯盏甲素、灯盏乙素的混合物,主要为灯盏乙素,含黄酮成分,药理研究证明[1],灯盏花素有扩张血管、抗血小板聚集等作用.我们观察慢性肺心病患者使用灯盏花素治疗后,气喘、心悸、胸闷症状有明显改善,同时发现该注射液对肺血动脉压的降低、肺功能的改善有一定疗效,现报道如下.     

灯盏花素对脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞和分子保护机制研究现状

灯盏花素是从灯盏花中提取的黄酮类成分,以灯盏乙素为主,含有少量灯盏甲素。灯盏花素具有扩张血管、增加脑血流量和心脏冠脉流量、降低血液黏度、改善微循环等作用。临床上主要用于治疗心、脑血管等疾病,疗效确切。动物实验发现,灯盏花素对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,但具体的细胞和分子保护机制报道较少。本文着重将其对脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其可能的机制作如下综述。     

灯盏花素注射液致过敏性休克1例

灯盏花素注射液是从灯盏花中提取的黄酮类有效成分而制成的制剂,主要为黄酮、灯盏花乙素、灯盏花甲素,以灯盏花乙素为主。具有增加血流量、改善微循环、扩张血管、降低血液黏度、降血脂、促纤溶、抗血栓、抗血小板聚集等作用。临床上主要用于冠心病、脑梗死的治疗。本院遇1例灯盏花素注射液致严重不良反应,现报道如下。1临床资料患者,女,46岁,既往有高血压病史两年,不规则服药治疗,血压监测不详。两年前因甲状腺病在绍兴市人民医院手     

灯盏花素注射液治疗闭塞性脑血管疾病92例

灯盏花素是从菊科植物短葶飞蓬又名灯盏细辛中分离得到的黄酮类有效成分。其中主要为灯盏花乙素,并有少量灯盏花甲素,以灯盏花乙素标示有效成分含量。灯盏花素具有改善脑血液循环,增加脑血流量,降低血管阻力抗血小板凝聚作用,并能增加心肌供血和降低心肌耗氧量,用于治疗闭塞性脑血管疾病所致的瘫痪及脑出血所致的后遗瘫痪,以及中风预报高危患者的早期预防治疗。我科自1996年9月至1997年3月采用灯盏花素注射液治疗闭塞性脑血管疾病92例获得满意疗效。     

灯盏花素注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛120例疗效观察

灯盏花素注射液具有扩张血管，改善缺血区血液循环，降低心肌耗氧等作用。2001年2月～2004年2月，我院心血管内科采用灯盏花素注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛，疗效显著。本文详述了用灯盏花素注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛120例的临床资料，根据该病诊断标准和疗效判断标准，对灯盏花素注射液的冶疗机理进行了分析和讨论。     

灯盏花素注射液对冠心病患者血液流变学的影响

灯盏花素注射液是中草药注射液,属菊科短葶飞蓬属植物(Erigeron breviscapas),其有效成分是灯盏花素,结构式中有黄酮,其具有扩张血管,降低外周血管阻力,增加动脉血流量,减少血小板计数和抑制血小板聚集等作用[1].自2006年2月至2007年12月,笔者在临床观察应用灯盏花素注射液治疗冠心病患者血液流变学的变化30例,收到良好的临床效果.现报告如下.     

治疗脑血管病所致后遗瘫痪的新药——灯盏花素

<正> 灯盏花素是从灯盏花[Ergeron brevis-capus(vant.)Hand-Mazz]中分离得到的黄酮类成份。 药理作用 用同位素进行研究表明灯盏花素能提高血脑屏障通透性,改善脑血循环,降低血管阻力和抗血小板凝聚作用;并能提高机体巨噬细胞吞噬功能。LD_(50)为1314±165mg/kg,亚急性毒性实验无异常现象。     

灯盏花素磷脂复合物的表征

目的表征灯盏花素与磷脂形成的复合物。方法通过红外光谱法、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、激光粒度分析仪表征灯盏花素磷脂复合物的红外光谱、DSC曲线和粒度。结果灯盏花素磷脂复合物的红外光谱为灯盏花素和磷脂酰胆碱二者红外光谱的叠加。DSC结果显示,复合物的相变温度降低,物理混合物的相变温度出现重叠,但相变温度的范围并无明显改变。灯盏花素磷脂复合物的水分散体在低浓度时呈胶体状,在浓度较高时则呈混悬状,稀溶液在电镜下外观为圆整的球形颗粒。激光粒度测定仪测得灯盏花素磷脂复合物水分散体的平均粒径为831.7 nm。 结论初步确定灯盏花素与磷脂间的复合为一弱的相互作用。     

灯盏花素原料药相关物质的分离和结构鉴定

目的：分离、鉴定灯盏花素原料药中的主要相关物质。方法通过制备液相色谱分离灯盏花素原料药中4个主要相关物质,利用高分辨质谱、核磁共振方法进行结构鉴定。结果4个相关物质分别鉴定为6－羟基山柰酚－7－O －β－D －吡喃葡萄糖醛酸（1）,灯盏花甲素（2）、野黄芩素（3）和芹菜素（4）。化合物1～4均为首次从灯盏花素原料中分离得到,且化合物1为灯盏花素原料药中新的相关物质。结论明确了灯盏花素原料药的物质基础,为其质量控制提供了科学依据。     

灯盏花素辅助治疗外伤后脑梗死26例临床分析

灯盏花素是中药灯盏花中提取出来的黄酮类有效成份，具有增加脑血流量，降低血管阻力，改善脑部血液循环的作用。临床研究表明，灯盏花素治疗缺血性脑血管病疗效显著。我院2002年1月-2005年12月在常规治疗的基础上加用灯盏花素注射液治疗外伤后脑梗死26例，并与进行常规治疗的16例进行疗效的对照研究，发现灯盏花素组疗效明显好于常规治疗组，现报告如下。     

General pharmacology of pergolide in animals. 2nd communication: gastrointestinal, renal and miscellaneous studies.

Pergolide mesylate ((8 beta)-8-[(methylthio)methyl]-6-propylergoline monomethanesulfonate, LY 127809, CAS 66104-23-2) is a novel and potent dopamine agonist marketed for treating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The potential secondary pharmacological effects of this agent on the gastrointestinal and renal systems, as well as effects on local anesthesia, hemolysis, platelet aggregation, circulating blood glucose, primary antibody production, and the acute inflammatory response were examined. Pergolide exhibited significant pharmacological effects in gastrointestinal, renal and anti-inflammatory tests at high oral doses. Pergolide was essentially inactive in blood hemolysis, platelet aggregation, primary antibody production and local anesthesia testing. In summary, these studies confirm the pharmacological selectivity of pergolide, and indicate a low potential for secondary pharmacological side effects upon the functions tested at clinically relevant doses.     

丹参活性成分及制剂改善脑侧支循环及促进血管生成的药理作用研究进展

丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza作为临床上常用的活血化瘀药,其药理作用广泛,尤其在治疗脑血管病上方面效果良好,其主要活性成分和制剂均具有良好的改善脑侧支循环及促进血管生成的药理作用。通过对改善脑侧支循环和血管生成的丹参活性成分（丹参素类和丹参酮类）和丹参类制剂（丹参注射剂如注射用丹参多酚酸、注射用丹参多酚酸盐、丹红注射液及口服制剂如复方丹参滴丸、复方丹参片、复方丹参颗粒等）的药理作用进行综述,为临床合理用药以及与侧支循环和血管生成相关的脑血管病治疗提供依据。     

葛根素治疗相关疾病的研究

葛根素是从中药葛根中提取分离出来的一种单体,属异黄酮类化合物,具有多种药理作用,药理活性强,药效明确,适用于冠心病、心绞痛、心肌梗死、视网膜动静脉阻塞、突发性耳聋等疾病。主要的药理作用：对脏器组织的保护、抗缺血再灌注损伤、改善血液流变学指标、抑制钙超载、保护神经细胞作用、改善胰岛素抵抗作用等。本文主要就葛根素的药理作用及近年来在临床治疗方面的进展进行综述。     

丹参活性成分及药理作用研究进展

丹参是我国一种传统中药,对多种疾病有着明显的治疗效果.现代医学研究发现,丹参中含有多种有效活性成分,如丹参酮、隐丹参酮、迷迭香酸、丹参素、丹酚酸等.研究发现丹参不仅有活血化瘀的功能,还在治疗心脑血管疾病、肝病、脉管炎和神经性衰弱等各疾病上有新的疗效.本文对近年相关文献进行综述,总结归纳了有效成分和药理活性之间的联系,为丹参的研究提供一定的参考.     

止血灵胶囊止血缩宫抗炎的药效学研究

目的研究止血灵胶囊的止血、缩宫、抗炎、补血等药理作用。方法采用相应的药理学模型研究止血灵胶囊在止血、缩宫、抗炎、补血方面的作用。结果止血灵胶囊对大鼠子宫平滑肌有明显的兴奋作用,显著增加大鼠子宫平滑肌收缩幅度和活动力;能明显缩短小鼠出血时间及大鼠凝血酶时间;对大鼠血小板数和血小板聚集功能有一定的提高作用趋势;对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显的抑制作用;明显抑制鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高和大鼠棉球肉芽肿的形成;对雌性失血性“血虚”小鼠的血红蛋白含量及红细胞数目有一定的提高作用。结论止血灵胶囊具有缩宫、止血、消炎三重功效,并有一定补血的作用。     

Multiple receptor responses: A new concept to describe the relationship between pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of a drug: Studies on clonidine in the rat and cat

The time course of an observed pharmacological effect is affected not only by the kinetics of the drug levels at the site of action but also by parameters such as the slope and maximum effect of the functional relationship between drug level and response. Using clonidine as a test drug, it was found that the kinetics of its effects on blood pressure and pain responses cannot be described by the time course of clonidine levels in the blood, brain, or the hypothetical tissue compartment of the two-compartment characteristics of this drug. However, the results can be explained assuming that the observed pharmacological effects of a drug are composed of the sum of responses from at least two receptor sites with different slopes and maximal effects. The effect of intravenously administered clonidine on blood pressure in the rat was found to be related to the blood concentrations at least at two receptor sites with opposite effects, one leading to a hypertensive and the other to a hypotensive response. Predictions indicate that a maximum decrease of arterial blood pressure is obtained when the steady-state blood concentration of clonidine is about 1 ng/ml and that no effect is seen at 10 ng/ml. Higher levels will produce an increase of the pressure. The kinetics of the analgesic effect of clonidine in the rat could best be related to the brain levels if the observed effect was considered to be derived from the sum of activity at two receptor sites each producing analgesia. The kinetics of the effects of clonidine on the nictitating membrane of the cat was found to be determined by the kinetics of the drug in the peripheral compartment of the two-compartment open model. Consideration of multiple receptor responses is suggested for future studies on the relationship between the kinetics of drug levels and pharmacological responses.     

Multiple receptor responses: a new concept to describe the relationship between pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of a drug: studies on clonidine in the rat and cat

The time course of an observed pharmacological effect is affected not only by the kinetics of the drug levels at the site of action but also by parameters such as the slope and maximum effect of the functional relationship between drug level and response. Using clonidine as a test drug, it was found that the kinetics of its effects on blood pressure and pain responses cannot be described by the time course of clonidine levels in the blood, brain, or the hypothetical tissue compartment of the two-compartment characteristics of this drug. However, the results can be explained assuming that the observed pharmacological effects of a drug are composed of the sum of responses from at least two receptor sites with different slopes and maximal effects. The effect of intravenously administered clonidine on blood pressure in the rat was found to be related to the blood concentrations at least at two receptor sites with opposite effects, one leading to a hypertensive and the other to a hypotensive response. Predictions indicate that a maximum decrease of arterial blood pressure is obtained when the steady-state blood concentration of clonidine is about 1 ng/ml and that no effect is seen at 10 ng/ml. Higher levels will produce an increase of the pressure. The kinetics of the analgesic effect of clonidine in the rat could best be related to the brain levels if the observed effect was considered to be derived from the sum of activity at two receptor sites each producing analgesia. The kinetics of the effects of clonidine on the nictitating membrane of the cat was found to be determined by the kinetics of the drug in the peripheral compartment of the two-compartment open model. Consideration of multiple receptor responses is suggested for future studies on the relationship between the kinetics of drug levels and pharmacological responses.     

丹参多酚酸盐活血化瘀作用的多元化药理作用

目的以丹参多酚酸盐制剂的临床应用及相应的多元化药理作用研究资料为对象,探讨丹参多酚酸盐制剂＂活血化瘀＂作用可能涉及的药理作用机制。方法整理与归纳近年有关的国内外文献,对丹参多酚酸盐制剂的多元化药理作用及其可能的作用机制作出概括,并得出相应判断。结果与结论丹参多酚酸盐＂活血化瘀＂作用潜含着多元化的药理作用机制,对这些机制的研究和梳理有助于形成中药药理的现代药理学基础,并提供临床同类中药制剂的应用指导。     

Pharmacological applications of magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are capable of spatial and temporal resolution and within subject repeatability that far exceed other currently available methods of noninvasively investigating brain functioning. While functional MRI (fMRI) techniques have traditionally been used to investigate sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, they are also very attractive for investigating the effects of pharmacological agents in the brain. However, because pharmacological agents may interfere with the very mechanisms that give rise to the fMRI signal, careful attention to experimental design and data analysis issues must be exercised. Specifically, introducing a drug into the system could potentially alter the coupling of neural activity with regional cerebral blood flow and/or the extraction of oxygen from blood, or may cause local or global cardiovascular changes unrelated to neural activity. These concerns notwithstanding, careful attention to experimental detail and verification procedures promises to make pharmacological MRI a valuable tool for understanding the actions of drugs on the brain at many levels. The physiological and biophysical bases of blood oxygen level-dependent, arterial spin labeling, cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and spectroscopy acquisition methods are presented to illustrate where confounds may arise when a drug is added to the system. Selected studies combining administration of pharmacological agents with MRI techniques are critically reviewed to illustrate both the challenges inherent in these applications and some possible solutions. Included are studies of acute direct effects of drugs, effects of drugs on task-related activation, chronic effects of drugs, effects of drugs on cerebral metabolism, and variable effects of drugs in different populations.     

知母皂苷成分的药理活性及作用机制研究进展

知母作为传统中药,皂苷是其主要成分之一,具有广泛的活性和药理作用。近几年的文献报道,知母具有抗肿瘤、抗老年痴呆、改善学习记忆能力、抗凝血、抗血栓、降血糖、降血脂、抗抑郁、降血压等药理活性。从抗肿瘤作用,对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统的影响4个方面综述知母皂苷类成分的药理作用,为知母的进一步开发提供重要的依据。