小牛血去蛋白注射液治疗缺血性卒中的临床观察

目的:观察小牛血去蛋白注射液(奥德金)治疗缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性.方法:选取缺血性卒中患者99例,随机分为奥德金组和对照组,其中奥德金组51例,对照组48例.奥德金组用5%葡萄糖注射液300 mL 奥德金0.4 g静脉滴注,对照组用5%葡萄糖注射液300 mL 胞二磷胆碱0.5 g静脉滴注,疗程2周.使用神经心理测验量表进行评分,同时检测血液流变学的各项指标变化情况,以评价奥德金的疗效以及对于微循环的影响.结果:治疗后奥德金组在智力检查量表评分、神经功能缺损评分、总生活状态评分、临床疗效、血液流变学等方面,与对照组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01),治疗期间两组患者的不良反应无显著性(P>0.05).结论:奥德金注射液是一个安全有效的治疗缺血性卒中的药物,对改善缺血性卒中患者的微循环和认知功能有一定作用.     

奥德金治疗老年痴呆的临床观察

目的 观察奥德金治疗老年痴呆的临床效果．方法 治疗组：5％葡萄糖液150mL加入奥德金15-20mL静滴，1日1次，14d为一疗程。对照组：5％葡萄糖液150mL加入复方丹参10mL、胞二磷胆碱0．5g静滴，1日1次，14d为一疗程．观察奥德金的临床疗效．结果 奥德金对提高老年痴呆智力及生活能力的有效率分别为78．6％及66．7％，明显高于对照组．结论 奥德金是一种安全有效，且能改善脑功能的药物．     

银杏达莫注射液与奥德金注射液治疗脑梗死临床疗效对比分析

目的观察银杏达莫注射液与奥德金注射液治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的临床疗效。方法选取2006年7月-2007年12月在我院临床确诊的住院患者共80例,随机分为2组,银杏达莫组(观察组)40例,奥德金注射液组(对照组)40例,疗程均为15d。两组常规应用拜阿司匹林,并依据病情及梗塞面积酌情应用甘露醇,对高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等常规治疗。结果观察组、对照组的总有效率分别为87.5%、67.5%,两组比较,P<0.01。无明显不良反应。结论银杏达莫改善脑缺血区域血液循环及恢复脑组织细胞功能,解除脑血管痉挛,提高缺血脑组织对乏氧耐受力,减少缺氧所致脑损伤,降低致死率,提高生活质量,在急性脑梗死治疗中优于奥德金注射液,疗效确切。     

小牛血去蛋白注射液治疗糖尿病性周围神经病变的临床效果

我们根据小牛血去蛋白注射液(奥德金)能改善微血管病变，对病理性神经髓鞘代谢发挥再生的药理作用，将其应用于自2001-04～2001-10收治的90例糖尿病并发周围神经病变的患者。现报告如下：     

红斑性肢痛症7例临床治疗

目的：评价改善循环、营养神经方法治疗红斑肢痛症的疗效和安全性。方法7例临床诊断的红斑肢痛症患者给予营养神经：水溶性维生素1支（0．486 g/支）,iv drip,qd,奥德金1．2 g,iv drip,qd;改善循环：参麦60 ml iv drip, qd,的方法治疗,约3周后,观察其疗效和安全性。结果7例红斑肢痛症的患者,经过约3周的治疗,其临床症状消失;治疗前后检查血尿常规,肝肾功能,心电图,未见异常。跟踪观察3月,1例患者症状复发,但症状较治疗前减轻。重复治疗2周,患者症状完全缓解,跟踪观察3月,患者症状未再复发。结论改善循环、营养神经方法治疗红斑肢痛症安全有效。     

脑梗塞发病危险时间及干预性治疗

目的 :探讨脑梗塞发病的节律性及其治疗。方法 :对 86 9例脑梗塞发病的时间按小时、日和月份进行回顾性分析。结果 :脑梗塞发病具有日、周、年节律性。结论 :重视脑梗塞发病时间的分布节律性 ,对其发病高峰段提前进行干预性治疗 ,对降低发病率有重要意义     

110例酒精中毒性精神障碍临床分析

目的:探讨酒精中毒性精神障碍的临床特点。方法:对110例酒精中毒性精神障碍住院患者进行回顾性调查。结果:酒精中毒性精神障碍以体力劳动、低文化程度的男性居多,社会功能受损明显,精神障碍平均出现在酗酒后(19.85±9.03)年,临床表现多样且合并较多与酒精相关的躯体疾病,以消化道和肝脏疾病为多。结论:加强精神卫生教育,预防酒中毒发生,对酒精中毒性精神障碍患者宜早期进行戒酒、治疗。     

基于最小二乘法威布尔溶出曲线参数估计中的自相关性与异方差性问题探讨

目的:探讨药物累计溶出百分比威布尔(Weibull)参数估计中使用普通最小二乘法(OLS)的合理性。方法:选取溶出度数据,利用杜宾-瓦尔森(DW)检验法、斯皮尔曼(Spearman)等级相关系数检验法等对自相关性和异方差性进行分析。结果:根据数据的DW检验法结果、相关系数结果均表明在采用OLS估算Weibull参数时,确实可能存在自相关性与异方差性现象。结论:在使用OLS进行Weibull参数估计时一定要进行自相关性和异方差性检验,只有在不存在自相关性和异方差性时才有可能采用OLS进行Weibull参数估计。     

糖尿病性癫痫15例临床分析

目的:探讨糖尿病性癫痫的病因、诊断、治疗及预后。方法:对15例糖尿病性癫痫的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点。结果:15例糖尿病性癫痫血糖控制在正常范围内,癫痫终止发作。结论:糖尿病性癫痫有其特殊性,正确认识及时诊断可以提高对病因和对症治疗的效果,减少药物毒副作用,对患者预后生活和工作有重要意义。     

阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮疗效及安全性研究

目的:通过阿达帕林凝胶与5%过氧苯甲酰霜对寻常性痤疮治疗的对照观察,评价阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮的疗效和安全性.方法:采用开放对照临床实验,分别应用阿达帕林凝胶与5%过氧苯甲酰霜对寻常性痤疮病人进行治疗,疗程12周,在治疗的2、4、8和12周进行随访.结果:阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常性痤疮疗效和安全性均高于5%过氧苯甲酰霜剂.结论:阿达帕林凝胶是治疗寻常性痤疮安全和有效的药物.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.