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忧郁症是一种常见的精神病,女性发病率比男性高2-3倍.根据《精神障碍统计和诊断手册》第4版标准,其临床表现为持续2周以上情绪低落和兴趣缺失,同时伴随食欲减退或增加、失眠或嗜睡、敏感或运动迟钝、疲乏无力、无用感和负疚感、思维和注意力下降及反复出现的自杀等症状[1].周连华[2]等报道糖尿病患者中31.4%合并忧郁症,其中评分为60分及以上的重度忧郁症占14.3%,Thomas等[3]报道糖尿病人群中忧郁发生率36%,糖尿病患者易合并忧郁是肯定的,我院自2004年11月至今对住院糖尿病人200例患者用SDS量表进行忧郁症筛查,报告如下: 相似文献
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目的 研究牙隐裂的病因和发病规律.方法 对40例患者共47颗患牙的临床表现及牙颌情况进行了研究.结果 牙隐裂多发生于中老年人的磨牙40颗(85.11%),尤其是上磨牙,35颗(74.47%),其次是前磨牙7颗(14.89%).患牙颌面多有异常磨损和高陡牙尖,颌面隐裂与发育沟吻合并延伸至边缘嵴.患牙有咬在某一特定部位疼痛或曾有硬物硌伤的病史.结论 牙齿结构的薄弱环节及创伤性颌力可能是牙隐裂发生的重要条件. 相似文献
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白内障是由于各种原因如老化、遗传、局部营养障碍、免疫与代谢异常、外伤、中毒、辐射等,引起晶状体代谢紊乱,导致晶状体蛋白质变性而发生浑浊的一种老年人常见眼病,此时光线被混浊晶状体阴扰无法投射在视网膜上,就不能看清物体. 相似文献
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头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致过敏性休克1例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
患者,女,70岁,因COPD合并感染入院,体格检查,T36.8℃,P 100次/分,R 26次/分,Bp 140/85 mmHg,神清,无紫绀,桶状胸,两肺叩呈高清音,两肺呼吸音低,满布哮鸣音,两肺低细湿罗音,心率100次/分,律齐,无病理性杂音,其他未见异常.追问病史,患者反复多次使用过多种抗生素,自述有时青霉素皮试阳性,1周前使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦2.0加入0.9%氯化钠100 ml中静滴5 d.医嘱给予头孢哌酮/舒巴坦2.0加入0.9%氯化钠100 ml中静滴,未做皮试.静滴约10 min时,患者出现心慌、胸闷,继之紫绀、呼吸微弱,心音、脉搏消失,立即给予心、肺、脑复苏.复苏成功能,患者已康复出院. 相似文献
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1994年,Zhang等[1]成功克隆和测序了小鼠和人类的肥胖基因(obese gene,Ob),确定了其编码蛋白产物为瘦素(leptin).瘦素是分子量为16 000的蛋白质类激素,主要由白色脂肪细胞产生和分泌,在脂肪组织中表达最高,在胎盘,骨骼肌,胃,乳房和脑组织均有表达. 相似文献
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近年来,由于普遍开展了宫颈细胞学检查,使许多宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)得以早期发现;而宫颈电圈环切除术(loop electrosurgical excision procedure,LEEP)是近年来治疗CIN的一种新技术,LEEP治疗简便、经济,且对患者损害小.本文介绍,经过详细采集病史,遵循细胞学、阴道镜与组织学活检三阶梯式诊断程序,对于112例CINⅠ~Ⅱ级的门诊患者行LEEP术. 相似文献
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Previous studies indicate that benzanthrone, an anthraquinone dye intermediate, caused significant depletion of ascorbic acid (AsA). In this investigation the effect of benzanthrone on the status of different forms of AsA and other bio-antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) was studied. Oral administration of benzanthrone (50, 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant increase of urinary AsA levels with a concomitant decrease in the urinary dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) content in both rats and guinea-pigs. Benzanthrone caused a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic, adrenal and serum AsA levels with a subsequent increase in DHA and diketogulonic acid (DKA) levels in both rats and guinea-pigs. Following benzanthrone treatment, rats showed an increase in the scorbutic index (to 1.01-1.21) of the liver, adrenal glands and serum compared to controls (0.12-0.24). The scorbutic indices of liver, adrenal glands and serum were also substantially increased (to 3.61-11.20) in benzanthrone-treated guinea-pigs compared to controls (0.16-0.38). Single oral administration of benzanthrone to guinea-pigs caused a dose-dependent depletion of GSH in liver (15-51%), adrenal glands (27-64%) and serum (32-86%). Furthermore, the depletion of GSH by benzanthrone in rats was of a lesser degree. This suggests that continued exposure of guinea-pigs to benzanthrone may lead to scurvy-type changes in this animal species but not to the same extent in rats, since the latter has the enzymatic capacity to synthesise AsA. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that benzanthrone per se, or its metabolites, interact with reduced GSH thereby causing its depletion. Furthermore, in order to replenish the depleted GSH levels, AsA might be oxidized to DHA and hence the decrease in AsA with the simultaneous increase in DHA was observed. 相似文献
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Improved understanding of incentives and barriers to drug user research participation may improve study recruitment, retention and outcomes and enhance the ethical acceptability of illicit drug research. In Melbourne, Australia during 2001-2004, 507 injecting drug users were recruited from Needle and Syringe Programs and asked to nominate the 'best' and 'worst' things about research. Commonly reported positive aspects of drug research were its capacity to provide valid information about drug use (39%), the potential to improve drug-related policies and practices (20%) and benefits to the community (14%). Reported negative aspects of drug research included concerns about lack of, or negative impact of research findings (31%), and personal dislikes about research projects, such as discomfort (27%), inconvenience (21%) and risk (9%). IDU may participate in non-intervention research because of expected benefits for themselves and others, and may be discouraged from involvement by personal discomfort, inconvenience and risk, or a perceived lack of impact or benefit. To enhance recruitment to non-intervention research and fulfil ethical obligations investigators should (1) actively consider how best to minimise the IDU-defined negative aspects of research, and (2) clarify for prospective participants the intended impact of the research on policy and practice. 相似文献
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目的:探索中美政府资助罕见病与罕用药科研基金项目差异性。方法:比较分析两国罕见病和罕用药科研项目的管理规定、数量、金额、研究机构和领域五大核心内容。结果:美国出台明确科研资助的罕用药和罕见病法案;2008-2013年间,美国NIH资助37826项罕见病及罕用药科研基金项目,共计约147.3亿美元;同期,中国NSFC资助3132项此类项目,共计约12.9亿元。中美的高校为罕见病及罕用药科研项目的主要承担机构。美国罕见病及罕用药项目的研究领域相对广泛,对重点研究采取持续性资助。结论:我国的罕见病和罕用药科研项目的管理存在定义界定不明确、缺乏专项科研基金项目、管理机构和激励机制,研究经费少和研究领域窄等问题,应针对性进行改进。 相似文献
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基于功效和物质基础的半夏毒性研究进展 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
目的为进行功效和毒性导向下的化学成分分离、控制和功效与毒性成分的"量效关系"和"量毒关系"研究提供文献依据和研究思路。方法对半夏近十几年来国内外相关文献进行整理、分析与归纳。结果半夏针对功效、物质基础和毒性的研究都局限在单一学科之间,缺乏两者之间甚至相互间的关联性研究。结论只有在半夏功效表达和功效物质基础分离与控制的过程中,进行毒性的研究和毒性物质基础的安全控制,才能提出切合半夏临床使用过程中不良反应预警方案和早期诊疗措施,保证半夏临床用药安全。 相似文献
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目的:分析卫生技术评估(Health Technology Assessment,HTA)的研究主题和合作情况,为我国卫生技术评估体系发展提供借鉴和参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed数据库,纳入HTA相关文献,并使用VOSviewer 1.6.11对期刊、国家、机构、作者和关键词进行分析,并生成社会网络分析图、时间图和密度图。结果:共纳入发表于1969—2019年的11140篇文献,发表在1974个期刊中,共涉及22427名作者,发文量最多的国家是美国,发文量最多的研究机构是约克大学。共提取8485个关键词,其中生物医学技术评估(biomedical technology assessment)、成本效益分析(cost-benefit analysis)和高成本技术(high cost technology)是出现频率最高的3个关键词,质量调整寿命年(quality-adjusted life years)、经济模型(economic models)、抗肿瘤药物(antineoplastic agents)、质性研究(qualitative research)和访谈(interview)是近几年新兴的关键词。通过对出现频次前200的关键词进行聚类分析可得到6个研究主题:HTA的相关概念与政府决策(最大聚类);HTA方法学研究;诊断性技术的HTA;HTA在不同人群中的应用及效果;肿瘤领域的药物经济学评价;药物临床试验责任保险。结论:HTA的研究主要集中于发达国家及其研究机构,最主要的研究热点是HTA与政府决策,卫生经济学、抗肿瘤药物的HTA以及质性研究则是近期研究较为集中的领域。 相似文献