Zweymuller螺旋臼在骨质疏松全髋关节置换术中的应用（附75例报告）

目的评价Zweymuller螺旋臼应用于骨质疏松病例全髋关节置换术（THR）的临床疗效。方法采用双锥面螺旋臼及Zweymuller柄对75例80髋骨质疏松髋部疾患病例施行THR,其中股骨头坏死伴骨性关节炎26例,股骨颈骨折36例,髓臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎13例。术后随访12-72个月,平均48．3个月。术前Harris评分18-63分。结果术后所有患者髓关节疼痛症状消失,行走能力明显改善,临床和X线显示假体位置满意,无松动迹象,Harris评分76-95分。结论双锥面螺旋臼作为生物型假体应用于骨质疏松THR术病例效果满意。     

全髋关节置换治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换手术在成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎外科治疗中的应用。方法自2001年11月至2007年5月共收治21例22髋成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者,有21髋施行了人工全髋关节置换手术。其中男1例,女20例,年龄最大68岁,最小36岁,平均55.3岁。单侧20例,双侧1例（该患者双髋先天性髋关节发育不良,其中左髋Perner分型IV度,但无关节炎性反应状,未行手术）。其余均采用北京PLUS公司的Zweymuller双锥面螺旋臼假体行人全髋关节置换。结果21例患者全部获得随访。随访时间14个月～5年,平均38.5个月,所有患者术后疼痛完全消失,髋关节活动度增加,随访Harris评分65～96分,平均89分,患者满意度为96%。结论人工全髋关节置换手术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎的有效方法之一。     

严重髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换治疗

目的探讨运用非骨水泥型BICON-PLUS螺旋臼SL-PLUS柄治疗严重发育性髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎的经验及效果。方法对17例发育性髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者实施人工全髋关节置换术治疗,手术使用非骨水泥型BICON-PLUS螺旋臼SL-PLUS柄。其中CroweⅢ11例CroweⅣ型6例。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。随访12个月-6年,平均3年5个月。所有手术患者对手术结果满意,术后患髋疼痛及功能均明显改善,术前术后的Harris髋关节评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论运用非骨水泥型BICON-PLUS螺旋臼SL-PLUS柄治疗严重发育性髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎可取得满意的结果 。     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的：探讨人工全髋关节置换手术在成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎外科治疗中的应用。方法：我院自1999年11月．2005年11月共收治21例22髋成人先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者，有21例施行了人工全髋关节置换手术。其中男1例，女20例。年龄33—69岁，平均54．3岁。单侧20例，双侧1例（该患者双髋先天性髋关节发育不良，其中左髋Pemer分型Ⅳ度，但无关节炎症状，未行手术）。均采用北京PLUS公司的Zweymuller双锥面螺旋臼假体行人全髋关节置换。结果：21例患者全部获得随访。随访时间14．60个月．平均39．5个月．所有患者术后疼痛完全消失，髋关节活动度增加，随访Harris评分63~96分，平均89分，患者满意度为95％。结论：人工全髋关节置换手术方法能恢复髋关节正常位置，增加稳定性和灵活性，使之成为无痛型关节，是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的有效方法之一。     

人工髋关节置换治疗19例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的评价高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折患者应用人工关节置换术的疗效。方法对2009年1月至2011年12月行人工关节置换术治疗的19例79岁以上不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折患者临床资料进行回顾性分析．结果19例出院后均得到随访,时间6—36个月,平均14个月;按Harris评分由手术前的33分增加至术后85分,髋臼及股骨柄假体位置良好,未出现假体松动和下沉,术后无坐骨神经损伤及股血管神经损伤病例,术后假体均无脱位及松动,髋关节活动范围均明显改善。结论人工髋关节置换是治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法;围手术期正确评估和处理、术中的正确操作、术后早期功能锻炼是取得良好效果的关键。     

全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe-Ⅰ、Ⅱ型成人髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良继发骨性节炎的经验及临床疗效。方法我院于2005～2012年间,对23例Crowe-Ⅰ、Ⅱ型成人髋臼发育不良患者行人工全髋关节置换术,骨水泥型假体4例,非骨水泥型假体5例,混合型假体14例（非骨水泥臼、骨水泥柄）。结果本组病例均获得随访,平均随访时间为26.5个月。本组优13例,良7例,可3例,优良率为87%。Harris评分由术前的（44.5±6.5）恢复到术后的87.6±17.4。随访X线片均未出现假体周围透亮线,无感染、假体松动、下沉、髋关节内翻或外翻等现象。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗合并晚期骨性关节炎的Crowe-Ⅰ、Ⅱ型成人髋臼发育不良的有效方法,必须熟练的掌握手术方法和技巧,提高临床疗效,降低并发症。     

螺旋臼全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎40例

目的 探讨螺旋臼全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的临床效果.方法 应用螺旋臼全髋关节假体,对40例髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术.结果 所有患者髋部疼痛明显消失,关节功能改善,术后Harms评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义.X线评价假体位置良好.结论 螺旋臼全髋关节假体治疗髋臼发育不良并骨性...     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良近期疗效分析

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良近期临床疗效.方法 随访2008年5月～2012年5月间在本院行初次全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良患者22例24髋.根据Harris评分和影像学检查评价全髋关节置换术后临床疗效.结果 平均随访19个月,髋关节功能Harris评分术后平均91分.随访期间人工髋关节未发生脱位,假体未见松动、下沉,假体周围无骨折,植骨未见吸收、骨溶解,测量髋臼杯外展角（48.14±5.03）°、前倾角（12.23±3.34）..结论 真臼或接近真臼位置安放髋臼杯,保持髋臼杯髋臼杯外展角40.～55.、前倾角10° ～15°,人工全髋关节置换术是治疗成人髋关节发育不良安全、有效的手术方法.     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换手术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的疗效。方法对17例成人先天性髋关节发育不良患者施行人工全髋关节置换手术,1997年前5例患者采用国产关节,1例因髋臼过浅、过小,采用特制小型人工髋臼,1例髋臼上缘骨缺损,采用Harry′s髋臼成型术。1997年后均采用常规手术方法及北京PLUS公司的Zweymuller双锥面螺旋臼假体行人工全髋关节置换,1例双髋均有先天性髋关节发育不良,左侧股骨头完全脱位在髋臼上缘5cm处,关节置换手术难度大,位置虽高,但症状相对较轻,暂不手术,右侧髋关节疼痛严重,功能障碍,CE(C为股骨头中心与水平方向的垂线,E为股骨头中心与髋臼上缘的连线)角-15°,呈半脱位状,采用原始臼处加深髋臼,选用小号Zweymuller双锥面螺旋臼假体置入。结果17例患者均获得随访,1例因病故去。随访14~84个月,平均38.5个月,其中2例患者稍有跛行,1例因6岁时曾行粗隆下旋转截骨术,另1例是一侧髋关节脱位较高,术后双下肢不等长。所有患者髋关节疼痛完全消除,功能明显改善,关节活动度增加,可以从事正常生活和工作。结论人工全髋关节置换手术能恢复髋关节正常位置,增加稳定性和灵活性,使之成为无痛型关节,是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的有效方法之一。     

羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体髓腔充填情况对临床效果的影响

目的 探讨在初次人工全髋关节置换术中羟基磷灰石全涂层股骨柄髓腔充填情况对假体稳定性及其髋关节功能预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月-2010年11月使用Corail全羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄进行初次人工全髋关节置换术的121例（144髋）临床资料,根据年龄分为A组（年龄＜55岁）78例、B组（年龄≥55岁）43例.采用Harris和SF-36评分方法评价术后功能的恢复情况,测量术前、术后及随访X线片中股骨及假体髓腔充填率及假体位置的变化.结果 所有病例均恢复行走功能,平均随访时间46月,术后2年Harris评分、SF-36评分较术前均有显著性提高（P＜0.05）,两组间评分差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;术后第2天及24个月双髋关节正、侧位X线片显示B组髓腔充填率显著高于A组（P＜0.01）,两组术后24个月与术后第2天比较,髓腔充填率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.最终影像评估所有股骨假体位置无明显移位、松动或下沉,无关节翻修病例.结论 尽管Corail全羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体的股骨髓腔充填率较低,使用该假体的关节置换仍取得较好的临床疗效和影像学稳定性.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.