HPLC法同时测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮ⅡA的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮ⅡA的含量。方法: 采用汉邦Phecda C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.1%甲酸-乙腈（40∶60）,检测波长246 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温;30℃,进样量:20 μl。结果:补骨脂素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 3）,平均加样回收率为98.73%（RSD=2.22%）;异补骨脂素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 2）,平均加样回收率为99.94%（RSD=2.59%）;大黄素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为100.63%（RSD=1.48%）;丹参酮Ⅱ_A在10～200 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率为99.18%（RSD=1.03%）。结论:本方法测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量,方法简便、准确,结果稳定,可为复方紫灵胶囊的质量评价提供科学依据。     

液-质串联法测定软胶囊中药用油辅料内黄曲霉毒素B1的含量

摘 要 目的： 尝试利用液相色谱 串联质谱法对软胶囊中药用油辅料内黄曲霉毒素B1含量进行测定。方法: 以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为溶剂提取软胶囊中花生油所含黄曲霉毒素B 1,离心后取上清液过中性氧化铝固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩后进样测定,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 ml·min^-1,柱温：30℃,进样量：25 μl。采用电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,多反应监测方式测定样品的浓度。结果: 黄曲霉毒素B1在0.098～1.960 μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 5）,检出限为0.05 μg·L^-1,平均加样回收率为97.73%,RSD=4.625％(n= 6)。结论:此法灵敏准确,专属性强,干扰少,重现性佳,对含油药物制剂中黄曲霉毒素B1含量检测有参考意义。     

氨咖麻敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、盐酸伪麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定

摘 要 目的： 优化测定氨咖麻敏胶囊中各组分含量的方法。方法: 色谱柱为CNW C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以磷酸二氢铵溶液 乙腈-甲醇（85∶5∶10）为流动相,检测波长为210 nm,同时测定对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、咖啡因含量;色谱柱为CNW C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以磷酸二氢铵溶液 乙腈（73∶27）为流动相,检测波长为261 nm,测定马来酸氯苯那敏含量。结果: 氨咖麻敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、盐酸伪麻黄碱、马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围分别为0.100 0～1.000 0 mg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.012 0～0.120 0 mg·mL^-1r=0.999 9、0.012 0～0.120 0 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）、0.015 0～0.180 0 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,平均回收率分别为99.9%、101.0%、99.4%、100.0%,RSD分别为1.6%、1.2%、1.7%、1.4%（n=9）。结论: 本方法灵敏度高、专属性强,可用于测定氨咖麻敏胶囊中各组分的含量。     

人血浆中拉莫三嗪浓度测定的HPLC-MS/MS方法建立及临床应用

摘 要 目的： 建立经过验证的人血浆中拉莫三嗪(LTG)浓度测定的液质联用（HPLC-MS/MS）方法,并应用于临床样本LTG的血药浓度测定。方法: ：色谱柱使用Kromasil C₈ (50 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)柱,用含0.1%甲酸的水和甲醇进行梯度洗脱,流速0.6 ml· min^-1,柱温40℃。LTG和内标噻氯匹定(IS)在ESI正离子模式下的监测离子对分别为：m/z 256.0>211.0和m/z 264.1>154.0。结果: LTG浓度在0.02～2 μg· mL^-1范围内线性很好,日内和日间的准确度RE和精密度RSD均小于15%。LTG在低、中和高浓度的回收率在91.94%～100.28%之间,样品在所有考察的条件下均稳定并且10倍稀释不影响测定结果。结论:本研究建立的使用HPLC-MS/ms测定LTG血浆浓度的方法准确、稳定,简便,并可应用于LTG的临床血药浓度监测。     

HPLC法同时测定妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮ⅡA的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立同时测定妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮Ⅱ_A的方法。方法: 应用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱为Agilent XDB C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.9 ml·min^-1,柱温35℃;检测波长230 nm（检测芍药苷）,268 nm(检测丹参酮Ⅱ_A)。结果:丹参酮Ⅱ_A、芍药苷的线性范围分别为0.516～2.581 μg（r=0.999 3）,0.364～1.819 μg（r=0.999 6）;平均加样回收率分别为96.4%（RSD=1.14%,n=5）,96.2%（RSD=1.04%,n=5）。结论:该方法简便易行、准确、重复性好,可用于妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量

摘 要 目的： 采用HPLC法同时测定蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量。方法: 采用Phenomenex Synergi C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇 0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱,检测波长为322 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1。结果: 阿魏酸、蛇床子素线性范围分别为1.244～14.928 μg·ml^-1(r＝0.999 9)、5.004～25.020 μg·ml^-1(r＝0.999 8),平均加样回收率分别为98.3%(RSD=1.4%,n=6)、98.2%(RSD=1.6%,n=6)。结论: 该方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,可作为蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量测定方法。     

HPLC法测定抗601合剂中黄芩苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立抗601合剂中黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）,流动相为甲醇：0.1%磷酸溶液(48∶52),检测波长为280 nm,柱温为室温(25 ℃),流速为0.8 ml·min^-1,进样体积为20 μl。结果: 黄芩苷测定质量浓度在18.897～188.975 μg·mL^-1范围内与其相应峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 9);平均加样回收率为99.86%,RSD为0.32% (n=9)。结论:该方法专属性、重复性、准确性好,可用于抗601合剂中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定复方维生素B6凝胶剂中维生素B6与醋酸氟轻松的含量

摘 要 目的：建立复方维生素B₆凝胶剂中维生素B₆与醋酸氟轻松的含量测定方法。方法: 采用HPLC法,色谱柱：Lichrospher CNC₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）;流动相：庚烷磺酸钠溶液（称取6.8 g磷酸二氢钾和1.0 g庚烷磺酸钠,加水溶解并稀释至1 000 ml）-甲醇-三乙胺（35∶65∶0.2）,用磷酸调pH至3.2;检测波长：238 nm;柱温：25℃;进样量：20 μl。结果: 维生素B₆在15.0～300.0 μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=1.0000）,平均回收率为99.65%,RSD为0.3%（n=9）;醋酸氟轻松在0.4～8.0 μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 0）,平均回收率为99.35%,RSD为0.85%（n=9）。结论:该方法简便,重复性好,测定的结果准确,可用于复方维生素B₆凝胶剂的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC法分离和测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。方法: 以Agilent Zobrax SB C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 甲醇 0.4%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长为272 nm,流速为1.0 ml·mim^{-1,进样量:10 μl。结果: 夏佛塔苷在0.000 6 ～0.277 2 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）;橙皮苷在0.002 1～0.856 8 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）。夏佛塔苷平均回收率为101.83%,RSD=0.27%,橙皮苷平均回收率为98.35%,RSD=0.41%(n=6)。结论: 本方法可用于测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。}     

HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定氨咖黄敏胶囊中4个成分的含量。方法: 采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-甲醇（B）-磷酸二氢铵溶液（取0.1 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢铵溶液1 000 ml ,加磷酸1 ml,混匀）（C）为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温 35℃,变换波长时间为（0～9 min ：225 nm;9～38 min ：450 nm）。结果: 采用HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量,线性范围分别为：对乙酰氨基酚24.680～394.900 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,马来酸氯苯那敏0.201～3.214 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,咖啡因1.129～18.070 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,胆红素0.010～0.165 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）;平均回收率分别为：99.25% (RSD=0.46%), 99.29% (RSD=0.32%),99.49% (RSD=0.48%)及99.75% (RSD=0.55%)（n=6）。结论:该法简单,灵敏,准确,重复性好,可用于氨咖黄敏胶囊的含量测定。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.