消银颗粒联合阿维A胶囊治疗银屑病临床分析

目的探讨消银颗粒联合阿维A胶囊治疗银屑病的临床疗效分析。方法选择本院2010年1月~2013年10月期间本院因银屑病需治疗患者148例,分为两组,每组74例,分别予以消银颗粒联合阿维A胶囊（观察组）和单用阿维A胶囊（对照组）治疗,比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效、PASI评分以及不良反应情况。结果观察组治愈率44.6%明显高于对照组18.9%,无效率2.7%明显低于对照组21.6%（P〈0.05）;治疗后PASI评分明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;总不良反应发生率8.2%稍高于对照组6.9%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论消银颗粒联合阿维A胶囊对于银屑病治疗临床效果明显,不良反应发生率不高,适合临床广泛应用。     

消银胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常型银屑病对PASI及DLQI评分的改善研究

目的 探讨消银胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常型银屑病患者的效果及对其PASI及DLQI评分的改善情况。方法 选取2020年4月～2022年4月收治的80例银屑病患者按随机数字表分为两组,给予对照组（40例）患者阿维A胶囊治疗,给予观察组（40例）患者阿维A胶囊+消银胶囊治疗,观察两组患者PASI评分、生活质量、免疫功能以及炎性因子水平等指标水平变化情况。结果 治疗后,观察组PASI与DLQI评分较对照组更佳（P <0.05）;观察组患者免疫功能水平均较对照组更优（P <0.05）;两组患者IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4及IL-10等水平均显著低于治疗前,且观察组均较对照组更低（P <0.05）。结论 寻常型银屑病患者临床治疗中给予阿维A胶囊+消银胶囊联合方案,可有效提升其免疫功能,缓解其炎症反应,提高患者生活质量水平,获得显著的治疗有效性。     

阿维A胶囊联合当归饮子加减治疗寻常型银屑病的临床疗效观察

目的观察阿维A胶囊联合当归饮子加减治疗寻常型银屑病的临床疗效。方法80例寻常型银屑病患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者单纯应用阿维A胶囊治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用当归饮子加减治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后银屑病面积及严重程度指数(PASI)评分,临床疗效,不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患者的PASI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的PASI评分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的治疗总有效率95.00%明显高于对照组的77.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的高脂血症、口干发生率分别为2.50%、5.00%,均明显低于对照组的17.50%、20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的眼干、甲沟炎发生率均低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿维A胶囊联合当归饮子加减治疗寻常型银屑病具有协同作用,临床疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

消银颗粒联合阿维A治疗寻常性银屑病的临床研究

目的观察消银颗粒联合阿维A治疗寻常性银屑病的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月—2015年7月鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院皮肤科收治的寻常型银屑病患者104例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各52例。对照组口服阿维A胶囊,初始剂量25~30 mg/d,有效后,维持剂量25~50 mg/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服消银颗粒,3.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组IL-17、IL-10和复发率。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.8%、92.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组白细胞介素-17(IL-17)和严重程度指数评分(PASI评分)均显著下降,而白细胞介素-10(IL-10)均显著上升,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后随访6个月,对照组和治疗组的复发率分别为35.0%、17.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论消银颗粒联合阿维A治疗寻常型银屑病具有较好的临床疗效,可显著减低IL-17水平,升高IL-10水平,调节Th17/Treg细胞平衡,降低复发率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

疏风解毒胶囊联合消银颗粒治疗寻常型银屑病(血热证)的临床研究

目的观察疏风解毒胶囊联合消银颗粒治疗寻常型银屑病(血热证)的临床疗效。方法选取2013年6月—2015年6月来周口市中心医院皮肤科就诊的寻常型银屑病患者98例,按就诊时间分为对照组(46例)和治疗组(52例)。对照组口服消银颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服疏风解毒胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗2个月。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)、银屑病皮损面积严重指数(PASI)评分的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为67.4%、84.6%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者TNF-α、IL-4、IL-17、PASI评分均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组TNF-α、IL-4、IL-17、PASI评分低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疏风解毒胶囊联合消银颗粒治疗寻常型银屑病(血热证)具有较好的临床疗效,可降低PASI评分和相关因子水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

阿维A胶囊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗寻常性银屑病68例疗效观察

目的探讨阿维A胶囊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗寻常性银屑病68例疗效。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析江汉油田总医院收治的68例寻常性银屑病患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果观察组与对照组治疗后与治疗前组内比较,治疗后PASI评分均明显低于治疗前(P<0.01);观察组治疗后PASI评分显著低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。观察组与对照组比较,总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿维A胶囊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗寻常性银屑病临床疗效较好,值得临床推广使用。     

苦丹丸联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常型银屑病的临床研究

目的 探讨苦丹丸联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常型银屑病的临床疗效。方法 选择新乡市中心医院2019年11月-2020年4月收治的寻常型银屑病患者96例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各48例。对照组口服阿维A胶囊,20 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服苦丹丸,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗8周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者PASI评分、起效时间,及血清炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素17（IL-17）和白细胞介素23（IL-23）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为62.50%和83.33%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组PASI评分显著降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组PASI评分降低更明显（P<0.05）,起效时间更短（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组TNF-α、IL-17、IL-23水平显著降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 苦丹丸联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常型银屑病临床疗效显著,且安全性较高。     

补骨脂注射液联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗寻常型银屑病376例临床疗效观察

目的探讨补骨脂注射液联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗寻常型银屑病临床疗效。方法将376例寻常型银屑病患者随机分为治疗组192例和对照组184例,对照组口服克银丸,外用煤焦油溶液加NB-UVB照射,治疗组在对照组的基础上肌注补骨脂注射液,1个疗程后对比疗效。结果治疗后治疗组PASI评分为(2.43±0.72)分,对照组为(6.73±1.12)分,两组PASI评分均较治疗前明显下降,但治疗组下降更为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总显效率为90.63%,明显高于对照组的79.35%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论补骨脂联合NB-UVB治疗寻常型银屑病安全、有效。     

阿维A联合NB-UVB治疗寻常性银屑病疗效观察

目的探讨阿维A联合NB-UVB治疗寻常性银屑病的疗效。方法将96例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各48例,对照组给予NB-UVB照射治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用阿维A胶囊治疗,观察两组治疗后疗效。结果治疗组痊愈26例,显效17例,总有效率为86.05%,显著高于对照组的60.47%;治疗组PASI评分改善显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论阿维A联合NB-UVB治疗寻常性银屑病可提高疗效,缩短治疗时间,值得推广应用。     

芩珠凉血方联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的效果分析

目的探讨芩珠凉血方联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的效果。方法将80例寻常性银屑病患者随机分为两组,每组40例,西医组予以阿维A胶囊+凡士林治疗,中医组予以芩珠凉血方+阿维A胶囊+凡士林治疗,比较两组治疗前后的PASI评分及临床疗效。结果治疗后,中医组的PASI评分为(4.37±1.02)分,明显低于西医组的(8.11±1.25)分(P<0.05)。中医组的有效率为92.5%,明显高于西医组的75.0%(P<0.05)。结论寻常性银屑病采用阿维A胶囊单药治疗的疗效有限,加用芩珠凉血方可明显提高疗效。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.