产前超声筛查对胎儿消化道畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨产前超声筛查对胎儿消化道畸形的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析具有完整资料的93例胎儿消化道畸形的超声声像图特征、产后诊断的符合率。结果 1共有6种类型的消化道畸形,分别为先天性食道闭锁、十二指肠梗阻、小肠闭锁、结肠闭锁、肠重复畸形、胎粪性腹膜炎。2 93例经产前超声诊断的消化道畸形,43例引产后尸检证实40例符合超声诊断、误诊3例,50例产后经超声及其他影像学检查及手术病理检查证实46例符合超声诊断、漏诊误诊4例。产前超声诊断符合率92.47%(86/93)。结论胎儿消化道畸形的种类较多,预后各异,产前超声检查的诊断符合率较高。产前超声筛查能较准确地诊断胎儿消化道畸形,为临床提供决策信息;超声检查不能明确诊断的需要注意随访。     

产前超声在胎儿消化道异常诊断中的价值

目的分析产前超声在诊断胎儿消化道异常中的准确率,探讨其在胎儿消化道疾病中的诊断价值。方法对43例研究对象的彩色多普勒超声图像进行分析,出生后检测出先天性消化道异常但产前超声诊断未发现异常的患儿14例。结果在43例产前超声筛查发现消化道异常的研究对象中,出生后检测为先天性消化道异常31例,诊断正确率为72.09%。45例先天性消化道畸形的患儿中,产前超声检测出31例,检出率为68.89%。结论产前超声仅能筛查出一定量的消化道畸形,但通过多次重复以及间接征象能检测出大部分消化道异常。     

产前超声对胎儿畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨胎儿畸形采用产前超声的诊断价值。方法收集2010年2月至2013年2月期间,我院收治的分娩引产证实为先天性畸形胎儿87例作为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床资料及产前超声检查情况。结果 87例先天性畸形胎儿产前超声检查符合率为93.10%(81/87),漏诊6例;其中确诊神经管畸形总计84例,超声检查符合率为96.43%(81/84)。结论超声检查可以对胎儿各器官的发育进行实时监测,并且操作十分简便,这对于胎儿畸形的早期诊断具有重要意义,值得推广应用。     

产前超声诊断胎儿畸形162例分析

目的探讨产前行超声检查在诊断胎儿畸形中的临床应用价值。方法对2014年~2015年于我院接受产前超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的162例产妇的超声影像资料作以回顾性分析。结果本组162例经分娩或手术引产共证实畸形胎儿12例,超声诊断与娩后符合率为91.7%。结论产前超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的诊断符合率高,诊断结果准确,通过产前超声检查能准确掌握胎儿发育情况,是有效降低畸形胎儿发生率保证新生儿质量的重要医学途径,临床价值意义重大。     

胎儿先天畸形的产前超声规范化检查与超声监测分析

目的探讨胎儿先天畸形的产前超声规范化检查与超声监测分析对畸形儿诊断的重要性,并总结经验弥补不足,减少漏诊发生。方法对2005年2月至2011年2月来我院产检的孕妇1480例实施规范化超声检查,监测分析检查过程中发现的胎儿畸形情况并进行随访至分娩。结果 1480例实施检查的妊娠者中,有32例胎儿出现先天畸形的情况,其中29例由超声检查出畸形胎儿与产后诊断相符合,准确率达90.63%,3例漏诊。结论在产前对孕妇进行规范化超声检查,能检出绝大多数胎儿先天性畸形的情况,同时超声监测对掌握先天性畸形胎儿的发病情况有重要的临床价值。     

超声检查在胎儿产前筛查中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声检查在产前筛查中的应用价值.方法 分析于我院妇产科进行产前筛查的3269例孕妇的超声检查,认真观察胎儿头面、颈部、胸腹、脊柱与四肢结构以及胎盘、羊水等情况,依据结果分析胎儿畸形种类与比例.结果 产前筛查的超声检查发现有胎儿畸形56例,其中包括颅脑、中枢神经系统畸形19例,心血管畸形9例,消化道畸形3例,泌尿系统畸形6例,唇腭裂12例,肢体畸形5例,胎盘异常2例.超声检查结果与追踪结果相符.结论 超声检查对于胎儿产前筛查而言至关重要,是产前筛查诊断的首选方法,操作方法简便、诊断及时、安全可靠,有利于实现优生优育,减少孕妇的体力及精神负担,具有较高的应用价值,值得在临床中加以推广.     

产前超声诊断胎儿心血管畸形的临床价值

目的探析产前超声诊断胎儿心血管急性的临床运用价值。方法将我院2011年2月至2013年7月期间收治的2500例孕妇为研究对象,对其产前超声检查结果及胎儿心血管畸形情况进行回顾性分析。结果 2500例孕妇共检查出16例胎儿心血管畸形,发病率为6.4%,通过随访及尸检结果证实12例超声诊断准确,诊断准确率为75%。结论临床上对孕妇行产前超声检查,可以实现早期筛查、早期诊断、早期干预,在一定程度上可以降低新生儿缺陷率,改善新生儿预后生活质量。     

彩色多普勒超声在产前胎儿先天性心脏复杂畸形中的诊断价值

目的:探究彩色多普勒超声在产前胎儿先天性心脏复杂畸形中的诊断价值。方法:选择2018年6月～2019年6月于某院行产前检查的80例孕产妇作为研究对象,对其采用彩色多普勒超声进行诊断,并对产后胎儿进行检查,对比诊断结果。结果:本研究80例孕产妇中,产后回访检验结果发现有31例复杂畸形(38.75%),彩色超声检查结果发现有28例复杂畸形胎儿(35.00%),比较无统计学差异(χ~2=0.24,P0.05);经彩色超声检查,1例单纯肺动脉狭窄、2例单纯室间隔缺损被漏诊,复杂心脏畸形的诊断符合率为90.32%(28/31),比较彩超产前筛查结果与产后回访结果,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:产前胎儿先天性心脏复杂畸形诊断中采用彩色多普勒超声检查具有一定的临床价值,值得临床应用。     

超声在产前筛查胎儿畸形中的临床价值

目的探讨超声检查在产前筛查胎儿畸形中的临床应用价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声随机对孕16～43周3050例孕妇产前常规检查。结果产前检查胎儿畸形57例,其中神经系统畸形22例,消化道畸形4例,泌尿系畸形6例,心血管畸形1例,唇腭裂10例,联体双胎1例,脐疝内脏外翻5例,肢体畸形4例,胸腹腔积液4例。结论超声检查可实时观察胎儿各部位各器官的情况,能检出胎儿各种结构畸形,诊断符合率高,为临床提供可靠诊断依据,有利于优生,减少孕妇体力和精神负担。     

三维超声与二维超声在胎儿畸形检查中的应用

目的探讨三维超声与二维超声检查产前胎儿畸形的临床诊断价值。方法 2010～2011年我院门诊及住院超声检查1105位孕妇进行产前超声检查,采用三维超声和二维超声联合筛查胎儿是否存在畸形。结果检出35例胎儿畸形中,均经引产后证实,且无一例漏诊。三维超声的检出率为98%。结论二维超声及三维超声在观察胎儿畸形上各有其临床价值和优势,我们需综合分析评价,以做出正确的判断。产前三维超声诊断胎儿畸形,对预后的判断及优生优育有重要的临床价值。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.