A preliminary report of patellofemoral arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral arthritis

Background Isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis is not uncommon. Surgical treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis remains controversial and poses a challenging treatment dilemma. The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term results of patellofemoral arthroplasty for patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis.Methods We analyzed 11 patellofemoral arthroplasties performed from March 2006 to September 2009 in 11 patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis. The patients comprised 2 males and 9 females with an average age of 53.7 years （range, 46-74 years）. Standard weightbearing radiographs were taken in the anteroposterior, lateral, and 45° axial views.The knee pain and functional status were evaluated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index （WOMAC） scales and American Knee Society （AKS） scores. For comparison, 23 total knee arthroplasties in 23 patients with primary tibiofemoral osteoarthritis were matched according to age, gender, bilaterality and body mass index.The duration of follow-up was 23.7 months （range, 12-47 months）.Results The majority of the 11 patients experienced improvement in their patellofemoral symptoms after patellofemoral arthroplasty. The WOMAC scores improved considerably by 7.4 points with respect to pain and by 5.2 points with respect to function. The AKS scores also improved considerably by 23.9 points with respect to pain and 44.3 points with respect to function. Although the clinical outcomes after patellofemoral arthroplasty were not better than those after total knee arthroplasty, patellofemoral arthroplasty exhibited advantages in the shorter operation time, lower blood loss and increased postoperative range of motion. At the latest follow-up, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of patellofemoral maltracking, loosening or wear.Conclusions On the basis of our experience in this relatively small series of patients with a short-term follow-up,patellofemoral arthroplasty is an effective treatment alternative to total knee arthroplasty in isolated patellofemoral arthritis. MRI and arthroscopy may contribute to define those patients with isolated patellofemoral degeneration.     

CEMENTLESS TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENTS OLDER THAN 70 YEARS

Objective To present 3 - 15 years follow-up of patients older than 70 years who underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty. Methods One hundred and two consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties utilizing a circumferential proximal porous coated femoral component and smooth surfaced threaded acetabular were performed in 92 patients. The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically every two years from their third year after surgery. Ten patients （ 10 hips） died and 14 patients （ 15 hips） were lost to follow up in three years after surgery. Sixty-seven patients （ 77 hips） were included in this study. Results The pre-operative Harris hip scores and pain scores were 45 and 15 points. They increased to 89 and 42 points by the third year. These scores decreased to 81 and 42 points in the ninth year and 77 and 37 points in the fifteenth year, respectively. More than 75% of the hips demonstrated good or excellent clinical results in the fifth year and 60% of the hips were rated good to excellent in the seventh to eleventh year. In the fifteenth year, only 50% of the hips had good or excellent results. All femoral components showed stable fixation by bone in-growth. Eight acetabular components were revised, with 5 due to mechanical loosening and 3 for recurrent instability. Thigh pain was documented in 4 hips. Conclusion The smooth-surfaced threaded acetabular component has a high rate of failure. Circumferential proximal porous coated femoral components provided excellent radiographic results and acceptable clinical outcome with definite bone ingrowth. Patients older than 70 may be suitable candidates for cementless total hip arthroplasty.     

PATELLA AND PATELLOFEMORAL RESURFACING （37 CASES REPORT）

Chondromalacia and patellofemoral osteoarthritis are common diseases that cause pain and disablement of the knee.Conservative therapy is not always effective.Since 1983 we have used isolated polyethylene patellar prosthesis for patella resurfacing of 19 patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis.After an average of 44.9 months follow-up ,we found the treatment was not as satisfactory as earlier trials.The main reason is the wide erosion of femoral condyle caused by the polyethylene patella.To overcome this shortness,we designed a new type of patellofemoral prosthesis which is named Y-L-Q.From January,1991 to November,1993,we used this prosthesis to treat 16 knees of 13 patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis.Most of those patients improved both symptomatically and functionally.The good to excellent results rate was 87.5%(14/16 kness) at the time of an average 16 months follow-up.The early results of our experience with patellofemoral resurfacing are encouraging,and extended follow-ups are in progress.     

A modified technique of bone grafting pedicled with femoral quadratus for alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Background Quadratus femoris pedicled bone grafting has yielded satisfactory long-term clinical outcome for osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） in pre-collapse ONFH without extensive lesion. However, for pre-collapse ONFH with extensive necrotic area, it is still challenging to preserve the femoral head. The current study aimed to introduce a new technique of deliquesce strut with titanium mesh containing bone grafting pedicled with the femoral quadratus and to evaluate its short-term outcomes.Methods From January 2008 to December 2008, 10 ONFH patients （12 hips） underwent operations by a new technique of deliquesce strut with titanium mesh containing bone grafting pedicled with the femoral quadratus （group A）.According to the ARCO classification system, there were two hips in stage Ⅱ B and 10 hips in stage Ⅱ C. Also in the same period, 12 ONFH patients （16 hips） underwent operations by the conventional procedure of quadratus femoris pedicled bone grafting （group B）. There were 6 hips in stage Ⅱ B and 10 hips in stage Ⅱ C. All patients were males and suffered from alcohol induced ONFH. For the new technique, the necrotic area was evaluated, and a titanium mesh piece of the same size （range from 2.5 cm×2.8 cm to 2.8 cm×3.4 cm） was obtained and shaped to match the contour of the head. The cancellous bone was first placed underneath the subchondral bone and was densely impacted （about 1 to 2 mm thick）.Then the titanium mesh piece was inserted. The length of the decompressive trough was measured. A titanium cylinder mesh cage with a diameter of 1.6 cm of the same length was obtained, with a ＂U＂ shaped window in the wall being created to make room for the muscle pedicle. The muscle pedicle bone was inserted into the titanium mesh cage to form a bone graft-titanium cage complex and, then the complex was inserted. The hundred percent score method was used for outcome evaluation. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared between group A and group B.Results The average operative time was 150 minutes （130 to 185 minutes） in group A, with an average of 130 minutes （120 to 180 minutes） in group B. The mean blood loss was 400 ml （300 to 500 ml） in group Aand 350 ml （250 to 500 ml）in group B. Group A patients were followed up for an average of 19.2 months （14 to 24 months）, with an average of 18.5 months （12 to 24 months） for Group B. Full weight bearing was allowed 5 to 7 months postoperatively. Pain and function were obviously improved. For group A, pain score improved from a mean of 9.8 points preoperatively to an average of 24.6 points postoperatively, and function score improved from a mean of 9.0 points preoperatively to an average of 17.4 points postoperatively. In group B, pain score improved from a mean of 9.5 points preoperatively to an average of 24.2 points postoperatively and function score improved from a mean of 9.2 points preoperatively to an average of 17.2 points postoperatively. The range of motion changed the least, with score improvement from a preoperative mean of 13.9 points to postoperative 16.8 points for group A and from a preoperative mean of 13.7 points to postoperative 16.5 points for group B. Radiographic score improved from preoperative 31 points to postoperative 38 points for group A, in comparison with an improvement from preoperative 31 points to postoperative 37 points for group B. At the latest follow up, 11 hips were rated as excellent and 1 hip was better for group A, with 14 hips being rated as excellent and 2 hips being better in group B. There was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B in clinical and radiographic outcomes.Conclusion For ONFH in stage ARCO llC, satisfactory clinical outcome can be achieved by the new technique in the short-term period while the long-term clinical outcome has yet to be determined.     

Comparison of total knee replacement with and without patella replacement

Objective To compare retrospectively the clinical outcome of total knee replacement with and without patellar replacement. Methods From January 1994 to December 2000, 109 knees in 86 patients treated for osteoarthritis and rheumatiod arthritis were evaluated postoperatively using a questionnaire and physical examination. There were 17 males and 69 females with the age ranging from 37 to 80 years( average 65.7 years). The osteoarthritis was 8 knees and rheumatoid arthritis 69 knees. Forty-two knees underwent patellar replacement, and 67 knees with reserved patella. The patients were scored using HSS Score for knees and Feller Score for patella. AP and lateral views of the knees as well as 30° and 90° axial views of patella were taken in radiography. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Replacement and non-replacement groups showed no obvious difference in post-operative knee function and the incidence of complication. The two groups showed statistical significant differences in scoring o     

针灸治疗慢性跟腱病：一项随机对照研究

Objective： To examine whether acupuncture treatment would improve outcome in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods： A randomized, controlled trial at two centers of 64 randomized patients aged 18 to 70 years with chronic Achilles tendinopathy was conducted from July 2007 to April 2010, with follow-up until October, 2010. These patients were randomly allocated into an acupuncture treatment group （acupuncture group） and an eccentric exercises group （control group）. The validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment- Achilles （VISA-A） questionnaire was completed at baseline and 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The pain at rest and after activity was accessed at baseline and 8 weeks with Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）. Results： After randomization into the acupuncture group or control group, one patient was loss of follow-up. The mean VISA-A score improved significantly after 8 weeks in the acupuncture group to 67.1 points [95% confidence interval （CI）, 64.1-70.2] and in the control group to 48.5 points （95% CI, 45.5-51.6） with an additional 18.6 points increase in acupuncture treatment patients （P=0.0000）. Acupuncture treatment resulted in a significant increase from baseline in VISA-A of 25.8 after 16 weeks and 28.4 after 24 weeks. Whereas, in the control group the increase from baseline in VISA-A were 10.0 and 16.6 after 16 and 24 weeks, respectively （P=0.0000）. The VAS diminished by 2.0 cm after activity, and by 1.5 cm at rest after 8 weeks in the control group. In the acupuncture group, the pain scores diminished significantly more than in the control group, with pain reduction of 3.7 cm after activity （P=0.0000） and 3.2 cm at rest （P=0.0000）. Conclusion： Acupuncture intervention could improve pain and activity in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy compared with eccentric exercises.     

Primary Clinical Evaluation of the Joint Replacement for the Treatment of the First Metatarsophalangeal Arthritis

Objective To retrospectively assess the primary clinical results of a cohort of the first metatarsophalangeal joint replacement with double-stemmed hinge silicone implant.Methods A total of 12 patients (15 feet) received the joint replacement with double-stemmed hinge silicone implant.There were 2 males and 10 females with a mean age of 61.4 (range,56-75) years old.Of them,9 cases (11 feet) were hallux valgus with osteoarthritis;1 case (2 feet) was rheumatic arthritis;2 cases (2 feet) were traumatic arthritis.The subjective and objective results were evaluated during follow-up.Results All of the patients were followed up regularly with an average of 24.7 months,ranging from 12 to 38 months.Ten patients were completely satisfied with the operation;1 patient showed partial satisfaction,and 1 patient was not satisfied because of the first matatarsophalangeal joint pain due to severe hyperosteogeny surrounding the cut bone surface 3 years after the operation.Osteolysis around the implant occurred in 2 cases without clinical symptoms,and no special treatment was given.Conclusion The joint replacement is a preferable method in alleviating pain and improving walking function with proper indication.     

Long term follow up of clinical outcome between patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: Chinese experience

Background The long term outcome of patellar resurfacing in Chinese has not been well described.This study evaluated more than 10-year clinical outcomes and survivorship of patellar resurfacing or nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.Methods From January 1993 to December 2002,265 patients accepted total knee arthroplasty in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Among them,226 patients （246 knees） were successfully followed up,with 176 knees for patellar resurfacing and 70 knees for nonresurfacing.The survivorship of total knee arthroplasty between two groups and the hospital for special surgery knee score （HSS）,patellar score,patellar related complication and radiological results were studied at the latest follow-up.Results The HSS knee score increased from 55.9±12.2 preoperatively to 92.0±10.9 postoperatively for patellar resurfacing group and from 56.6±9.9 to 94.2±11.4 for nonresurfacing group after average 11.4-year follow-up.Patellar score increased from 13.93±2.42 preoperatively to 28.33±2.20 for resurfacing group and from 13.55±2.73 to 27.8±2.37 for nonresurfacing group.There was no statistically significant difference for both HSS score,patellar score between the two groups with higher rate of anterior knee pain for nonresurfacing group.Patellar nonresurfacing had higher lateral subluxation than resurfacing group according to radiological evaluation.Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 5.5 fold patellar related complication than patients with osteoarthritis.The 10-year survival rate was not statistically significant different between the two groups （P=0.12）.Conclusions There was no significant difference of long-term clinical outcome and survivorship between patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing.Patellar nonresurfacing can be advisable during primary total knee arthroplasty especially in Chinese patients with osteoarthritis.Selective patellar resurfacing for patients with rheumatoid arthritis can achieve lower patella related complication.     

髌骨侧缝线结技术重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨不稳定

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is the preferred operative treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation. The purpose of this study was to report a novel suture-tie technique of patellar side fixation in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation, and to evaluate the intermediate-term results. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of 22 MPFL reconstructions in 21 patients (6 male and 15 female) with a suture-tie technique performed by a single surgeon between March 2004 and July 2009. All patients had diagnosed recurrent patellar dislocation. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by physical and radiographic examination as well as with Kujala and Lysholm scores. Results: At the mean 37.5 month follow-up (range: 24—56 months), there was no graft failure. Primary healing was achieved in all cases. At final follow-up, the mean Kujala score improved from 53.9 (range: 46–62 points) to 84.1 (range: 78–90 points) postoperatively (P < .05), and the mean Lysholm score improved from 47.2 points (range: 37–57 points) to 82.8 points (range: 76–89 points) postoperatively (P < .05). To date, no patients have reported redislocation or subluxation; however, there is one patient with a positive apprehension test. Conclusions: This study showed that a suture-tie technique in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction can restore patella stability without significant complication.     

Surgical outcome and clinical follow-up in patients with symptomatic myocardial bridging

Background Myocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging remains undetermined. This study assessed the middle- and long-term results of surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging. Methods From 1997 to 2006, 37 463 patients received selective coronary angiography in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Beijing, China. Of these, 484 patients had angiographic diagnosis of myocardial bridging. Of the 484 patients, 35 underwent surgery for treatment of myocardial bridging with significant systolic arterial compression. Among the surgical treatment patients, 24 presented with other cardiac disorders, and the remaining 11 symptomatic patients with isolated myocardial bridging were included in the follow-up study. Results The angiographic prevalence of myocardial bridging was 1.3% in this study. The coronary angiographies of the 11 patients revealed myocardial bridging in the middle segment of LAD causing systolic compression ≥75% (ranging from 75% to 90%). The mean age of patients was 48.4 years. Surgical myotomy was performed in 3 patients and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 8 patients. Eight patients were operated on with an off-pump approach and 3 with a cardiopulmonary bypass technique after median sternotomy. Conversion to on-pump CABG surgery was necessary in 1 patient because of perforation of the right ventricle. The left internal mammary artery was used in all patients with CABG. The acute clinical success rate was 100% with respect to the absence of myocardial infarction, death or other major in-hospital complications. All of the patients were followed up clinically. The median follow-up was 35.3 months (range: 6 to 120 months). Nine patients were free from symptoms and one of them continued taking beta blockers. The remaining 2 patients with myotomy had atypical chest pain. One received coronary angiography again and no stenosis was found two years after operation; while exercise testing was performed in the other patient and revealed no evidence of myocardial ischaemia. None of the patients sustained a myocardial infarction or other major adverse cardiac events (death or vessel revascularization) during follow-up.Conclusions Myocardial bridging is a relatively common angiographic finding. Surgical myotomy or CABG should be limited to patients who are refractory to oral medication. Surgical relief of myocardial ischaemia due to systolic compression of intramyocardial coronary arteries can be accomplished with low operative risk and excellent middle- and long-term results.