FP-7型与S-2型Ahmed青光眼引流阀在难治性青光眼中的短期疗效

Background  Ahmed glaucoma valves (AGV) has been used for decades, but there is no detailed report about the efficacy of AGV in Chinese glaucoma patients. This study aimed to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy and side effects of S-2 polypropylene and PF-7 silicone AGV implantation in Chinese refractory glaucoma patients.

Methods  Patients were divided into S-2 model AGV group and FP-7 model AGV group. The complete and qualified surgical success rate, change of IOP, number of anti-glaucoma medications used and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.

Results  Average follow-up time was comparable between two groups. IOP was reduced from (37.9±12.7) mmHg preoperatively to (17.3±5.3) mmHg at the last follow-up in S-2 group and reduced from (39.9±14.4) mmHg to (17.7±4.9) mmHg in FP-7 group. Anti-glaucoma medications were reduced from 3.8±0.2 to 1.5±0.2 in S-2 group, and 3.5±0.2 to 0.7±0.2 in FP-7 groups. The cumulative success rates were comparable in two groups, which were 61.2% and 72.1% in S-2 group and FP-7 group respectively. When IOP reduction criteria was used, complete success rates were 30.6% and 51.2% for S-2 and FP-7 groups, and qualified success rates were 86.1% and 92.7% separately. In both groups, the major complication was hypotony, and the previous trabeculectomy of patients was the major risk factor for surgery failure.

Conclusions  In this short-term retrospective study, S-2 AGV is showed at least as effective as FP-7 AGV in IOP reduction, but associated with higher rate of complications. Previous trabeculectomy is a principle risk factor for AGV implantation failure. These clinical outcomes are important for converting use of the FP-7 silicon AGV in Chinese refractory glaucoma patients.

     

创伤骨科患者创伤严重程度和血浆D二聚体水平的相关分析

Background  The correlation between the plasma D-dimer level and deep vein thrombosis has not been conclusive in various studies. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of orthopedic trauma by retrospective examination of orthopedic trauma cases.

Methods  Clinically acute trauma and non-acute trauma patients were selected and their plasma D-dimer levels were measured. Plasma D-dimer levels in patients of these two groups were compared. The relationship between the plasma D-dimer level and the severity of the trauma was also studied.

Results  There were 548 cases in the acute trauma group and 501 cases in the non-acute trauma group. The levels of plasma D-dimer were significantly higher in the acute trauma group than in the non-acute trauma group (P <0.01). In the acute trauma group, the correlation between the D-dimer level and the number of fractures was a positive linear correlation (r=0.9532).

Conclusions  Elevated plasma D-dimer is common in trauma patients. The D-dimer level and the number of fractures in the trauma patients are closely correlated. D-dimer is not only an indicator for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus, but also an indicator of the severity of trauma in acute trauma patients.

     

Effect of peritumoral injection of boanmycin hydrochloride within temperature-sensitive in situ gel using Hep-G2 hepatoma nude mice model

Background  Boanmycin hydrochloride, a new antitumor agent, has a short half-life and fast clearance speed in vivo. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of peritumor injection of boanmycin hydrochloride within temperature-sensitive gel in situ using Hep-G2 hepatoma nude mice model.

Methods  Nude mice with human Hep-G2 tumor in right flank were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline group, in situ gel only group, boanmycin hydrochloride in situ saline group, and boanmycin hydrochloride in situ gel group, and were treated with injection of corresponding agents into peripheral tissue of the tumor. The volume of the tumor and the body weight of the mice were regularly measured, and tumor growth curve was generated. The size, internal echo, and blood flow of the tumors were observed by color Doppler ultrasonography. Histopathologic changes of the tumor after treatment were observed under both optical and transmission electron microscopy.

Results  The tumor growth was significantly inhibited by peritumoral therapy in boanmycin hydrochloride in situ gel group with the tumor inhibitory rate of 86.76%. The blood flow of the tumor was still seen in both normal saline group and in situ gel only group on color Doppler ultrasound. Punctate calcification and dotted blood flow were seen in boanmycin hydrochloride group; however, there was massive calcification and no blood flow in the tumor in the boanmycin hydrochloride in situ gel group. Large areas of necrosis and apoptotic cells were shown by microscopic observation in boanmycin hydrochloride in situ gel group.

Conclusion  Temperature-sensitive boanmycin hydrochloride in situ gel can effectively delay the release of boanmycin hydrochloride and increase its anticancer effects for liver cancer in animal model.

     

Preliminary characterization of acute aortic dissection in the mainland of China

Objective  To explore the differences in the characteristics of acute aortic dissection (AAD) among less and more economically developed countries with various cultures and races.

Data sources  Reports from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) and the mainland of China (MC) were collected by searching the PubMed Database and the Chinese Journal Full-text Database from January 2000 to March 2009.

Study selection  Those reports from IRAD and MC containing larger numbers of cases and complete patients’ information were selected, which focused on concrete issues of diagnosing or managing AAD were excluded if they were not able to reflect the overall characteristics of this condition. And the data from the article containing the largest number patients reported by the same medical center in MC were taken into statistics.

Results  AAD patients from MC were significantly younger than IRAD countries and the percentage of male patients in the Chinese group was higher than IRAD countries (80.7% vs. 68.6%, P <0.001). Patients in MC were less likely to present with typical symptoms and signs except for any focal neurological deficits. Different from the IRAD group, Chinese patients were prone to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make the diagnosis of AAD (45.5% vs. 11.6%, P <0.001). The in-hospital mortality was similar between 2 groups but only smaller proportion of AAD patients in MC underwent surgical or medical treatment.

Conclusions  The general characteristics of AAD patients in MC were shown and differences in some clinical variables between MC and IRAD groups still existed.

     

Gait instability in patients with small acoustic neuroma

Background  Small acoustic neuromas seldom result in typical vestibular symptoms, despite the tumor arising from the vestibular nerve. In this study, we have shown that abnormal gait in eleven patients with small acoustic neuroma could be detected in gait analysis by the use of tactile sensor. Patients displayed no oculomotor abnormality and had tumors less than 10 mm from the porus acoustics.

Methods  Gait related parameters including the coefficients of variations (CV) of stance, swing, double support, area ratio of trajectories of center of force (TCOF), in addition to the foot pressure difference between both feet, were used for assessment of gait.

Results  The CV of swing and the area ratio of TCOF were greater in patients than those in the control group (P <0.05). The values of these two parameters became greater under an eyes closed condition compared to eyes open (P <0.05) in the patient group.

Conclusion  These results indicate that gait analysis may be helpful to assess vestibulospinal function of patients with small acoustic neuroma, the slight vestibular deficits of which can not be detected by visual observation.

     

Inhibition of neovascularization and expression shift of pro-/anti-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in oxygen-induced- retinopathy mouse model

Background  Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become one of the leading causes of visual loss in children. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is the principal stimulator of angiogenesis. VEGF was differentially spliced from exon 8 to exons 8a and 8b to form two families: the pro-angiogenic VEGFxxx family and the anti-angiogenic VEGFxxxb family. Previous research has shown variable effeteness of bevacizumab in inhibiting retinal neovascularization in ROP. This study aimed to investigate whether the effectiveness of this inhibition depends on the relative ratio of the two VEGF isoforms.

Methods  Intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) was performed in the oxygen-induced-retinopathy (OIR) mice on postnatal day 12 (P12) (intravitreal phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injection as control). The Evans blue perfused retina were used to test the retinal neovascularization-leakage (NVL) area and non-perfusion (NP) area.

Results  The retinal NVL and NP area in the IVB group were significantly smaller than the intravitreal PBS injection group (IVP group). On P17, the protein level of total VEGF isoforms was significantly inhibited compared to IVP group (P <0.05) while VEGF₁₆₅b isoform was slight reduced (P >0.05). The switch from pro-angiogenic isoforms to anti-angiogenic isoforms after IVB could be found. The relative protein expression of VEGF₁₆₅b isoform was significantly higher in IVB group than in IVP group (P <0.05) on P17 which was correlated with the reduced ischemia-induced angiogenesis in OIR mice after IVB.

Conclusions The anti-angiogenic effectiveness might depend on the relative high expression of VEGF₁₆₅b after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a more effective therapy for ROP.

     

Substrate of complex fractionated atrial electrograms: evidence by pathologic analysis

Background  Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) is an important adjunctive therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study was to elucidate the substrate underlying CFAE.

Methods  Nine adult mongrel dogs were involved in the present study. AF was induced through rapid atrial pacing with vagosympathetic nerve stimulation. CFAE was recorded during AF. Ablation was performed at CFAE sites. Based on the location of the ablation scar, the atrial specimens were divided into CFAE and non-CFAE sites. Serial sections of the atrium were stained respectively with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and the general neural marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). We compared the characteristics of the myocardium and the ganglionated plexus (GPs) distribution between the CFAE and non-CFAE sites.

Results  The myocardium of non-CFAE sites was well-organized with little intercellular substance. However, the myocardium in the CFAE site was disorganized with more interstitial tissue ((61.7±24.3)% vs. (34.1±9.2)%, P <0.01). GPs in the CFAE site were more abundant than in non-CFAE sites ((34.45±37.46) bundles/cm² vs. (6.73± 8.22) bundles/cm², P <0.01).

Conclusion  The heterogeneity of the myocardium and GPs distribution may account for the substrate of CFAE and serve as a potential target of ablation.

     

In vivo transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells accelerates repair of injured gastric mucosa in rats

Background  Adult stem cells provide a promising alternative for the treatment of injured tissues. We aimed to investigate the effect of in vivo transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on injured gastric mucosa in rats.

Methods  The gastric ulcer in rats was induced by indomethacin. BMMSCs from male rats, labeled with the fluorescent cell linker 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA SE), were transplanted into the female rats via tail vein injection. The healing process of gastric ulcers was monitored by HE staining. The protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the injured gastric mucosa were determined by immunohistochemistry. 

Results  At 48 and 72 hours after BMMSCs transplantation, the CFDA SE labeled cells were found scattered in the injured gastric mucosa, but not in the gastric mucosa of control rats. At 72 hours after BMMSCs transplantation, the mean ulcer index was 12.67±2.16 in the BMMSCs transplanted group and 17.33±1.97 in vehicle-treated controls (P <0.01). Both VEGF and EGFR protein expression levels were significantly higher in the gastric section from the rats that received BMMSCs transplantation as compared to rats without BMMSCs transplantation.

Conclusion  Autologous BMMSCs transplantation can accelerate gastric ulcer healing in injured gastric mucosa in a rodent model.

     

近端锚定区不足的主动脉夹层的腔内修复术

Background  Sufficient length of the proximal landing zone (PLZ) is the key for a successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of an aortic lesion. The aim of this research was to investigate the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and problems of endovascular repair for aortic dissection with insufficient PLZ.

Methods  The clinical data between August 2005 and February 2010 from patients with insufficient PLZ for endovascular repair of aortic dissection were retrospectively reviewed. According to the classification proposed by Ishimaru, aortic zone 0 was involved in 3 cases, zone 1 in 10 cases, and zone 2 in 11 cases. A hybrid surgical procedure of supraortic debranching and revascularization, directly coverage the orifice of left subclavian artery, or a left common carotid artery chimney graft technique were performed to obtain an adequate proximal aortic landing zone.

Results  There was no significant difference in risk factors and diameter of the PLZ between Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2. But the length of the PLZ was significantly different in the three groups (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in technical and clinical success rate between the groups.

Conclusions  The procedure for extending an insufficient PLZ for endovascular repair for aortic arch pathology is feasible and relatively safe. The applicability of TEVAR in such aortic disorders may be expanded.

     

玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗和康柏西普联合青光眼引流阀植入治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗和康柏西普联合青光眼引流阀（AGV）植入治疗新生血管性青光眼（NVG）的疗效。方法：将68例NVG患者根据AGV植入术前是否进行玻璃体腔注药以及药物的不同分为雷珠单抗组（n=26）、康柏西普组（n=21）和对照组（n=21）,分别于AGV植入术前3~7 d行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗（10 g·L^-1）或者康柏西普（10 g·L^-1）,待虹膜新生血管消退后行AGV植入术;对照组患者给予药物或前房穿刺后待眼压（IOP）平稳行AGV植入术;对屈光介质清晰的患者,玻璃体腔注药和AGV术前行全视网膜光凝术（PRP）,如果屈光介质不清晰,先应用抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物治疗,待能窥清眼底时再行PRP。结果：雷珠单抗组、康柏西普组和对照组患者术后平均眼压均较术前降低（P<0.01）;3组患者术后平均抗青光眼药物数目均较术前明显减少（P<0.01）;3组患者术后不同时间点手术成功率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后1个月、3个月雷珠单抗组和康柏西普组患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;雷珠单抗组和康柏西普组患者术后不同时间点各项并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物联合AGV植入术可以有效、安全地治疗NVG,短期内提高患者视力,快速减轻患者疼痛、减少手术并发症。     

小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C及青光眼引流器植入治疗青光眼的疗效评价

目的评价小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C及青光眼引流器植入治疗青光眼的近期疗效。方法 25眼(20例)青光眼患者行小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C及青光眼引流器植入术,随访6个月,观察术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、滤过泡形态、眼底、视野、术后前房深度及并发症情况。结果 25眼(20例)术后平均眼压(11.42±2.14)mmHg,眼压在6～21 mmHg者23眼,眼压控制成功率为92.0%;最佳矫正视力提高15眼(60.0%),术后功能性滤过泡24眼(96.0%),6眼(24.0%)发生浅前房,1眼出现(4.0%)前房出血,2眼(8.0%)脉络膜脱离,眼底及视野未出现明显变化。结论小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C及青光眼引流器植入能有效降低青光眼患者眼压,促进功能性滤过泡形成,从而提高青光眼的手术成功率。     

新生血管性青光眼不同治疗方案的临床疗效比较研究

目的 探讨不同治疗方案对新生血管性青光眼(NVG)患者临床疗效的影响差异。方法回顾分析42例(42眼)行单纯手术治疗的NVG患者(对照组)和同期予以药物联合手术方案的42例(42眼)NVG患者(研究组)临床资料。比较两组术后6个月时功能性滤过泡形成率、治疗成功率及新生血管消退率、复发率差异,记录其治疗前后眼压变化情况。结果术后6个月时,研究组功能性滤过泡形成率及治疗成功率均明显高于对照组。两组术后新生血管消退率及复发率比较,差异均无显著性。治疗后3个月、6个月时,两组眼压检测结果均明显低于同组治疗前,且研究组眼压检测结果明显低于同时段对照组。结论康柏西普玻璃体腔注射联合手术治疗能有效降低NVG患者眼压,对促进术后功能性滤过泡形成等具有积极意义。     

Disorder of blood-aqueous barrier following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation

Background Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation (AGVI) is used to treat refractory glaucoma.Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) has been noted after some surgical techniques.The current study was...     

不同手术方式治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的 观察不同手术方式治疗新生血管性青光眼（NVG）的疗效.方法 选择44例（44眼）新生血管性青光眼随机分为两组.（1）观察组：先用半导体激光封闭虹膜表面及前房角新生血管,次日行复合式小梁切除术 （2）对照组：经巩膜睫状体光凝术.两组术后均记录视力、眼压、虹膜新生血管及并发症情况,随访1年,对比两组的临床效果.结果 术后1年两组眼压较术前均下降,观察组眼压明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.观察组并发症较对照组少.结论 半导体激光虹膜光凝联合复合式小梁切除术及经巩膜睫状体光凝术均可作为治疗NVG的有效治疗方法,对于不同病情的NVG患者,可采取不同的手术方式进行治疗.     

联合手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的继发性闭角型新生血管性青光眼的临床效果观察

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术（pars plana vitrectomy,PPV）、眼内窥镜下睫状体激光光凝（endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation,ECP）联合全视网膜光凝（panretinal photocoagulation,PRP）治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR）的继发性闭角型新生血管性青光眼（neovascular glaucoma,NVG）的临床效果。 方法 选取临床诊断为PDR的继发性闭角型NVG患者21例(21眼)。完善相关检查后行玻璃体腔抗血管内皮生长因子治疗,待虹膜新生血管萎缩后,行PPV+PRP+ECP联合手术治疗,如果患者合并白内障,可以同时行白内障超声乳化摘除+人工晶体植入术。术后随访至少12个月,观察记录患者治疗后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月最佳矫正视力(best corrected vision acuity,BCVA)、眼压、抗青光眼药物使用情况,统计眼前节变化情况、手术成功率和并发症发生情况。 结果 术后12个月时患眼logMARBCVA低于术前（P＜0.01）。视力提高9例（占43%）,维持术前视力12例（占57%）,无视力下降病例。其中有8例随访达18个月,末次随访时视力较术后12个月时维持6例（占75%）,视力下降2例（占25%）。术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月平均眼压均低于术前,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月平均眼压低于术后1周,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月抗青光眼药物使用数量少于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访12个月时完全成功10眼,条件成功7眼,失败4眼,总成功率81%。发生前房炎性渗出3眼,局部治疗后全部吸收。 结论 PPV+PRP+ECP联合手术治疗PDR的继发性闭角型NVG是安全有效的。     

Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效观察

[目的]评价Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效并探讨其并发症的防治.[方法]回顾性分析对23例难治性青光眼行Ahmed青光眼阀植入术的疗效,主要观察指标为手术前后视力、眼压、并发症及手术成功率等,术后随访6～18月.[结果]术后最佳矫正视力不变8眼,提高12眼,下降3眼.术后眼压控制的有效率达到86.9...     

Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入联合1.8 mm微切口白内障超声乳化术治疗合并白内障的难治性青光眼

目的 观察Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入联合1.8 mm微切口白内障超声乳化手术治疗合并白内障的难治性青光眼的疗效及安全性。方法 对21例接受Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入联合1.8 mm微切口白内障超声乳化手术的合并白内障的难治性青光眼患者进行回顾性分析,总结术前术后眼压,最佳矫正视力,角膜散光变化及术中、术后并发症的发生情况。结果 所有患者的平均随访时间为11.7个月(8～21个月)。所有患者术后眼压较术前均有不同程度下降,术前平均眼压为(37.9 ±10.2)mmHg,末次随访时平均眼压为(14.3 ±5.8)mmHg(t=9.19,P＜0.01)。2例患者术后仍需使用抗青光眼药物。所有患者术后最佳矫正视力均有提高,平均最佳矫正视力自术前(0.19±0.11)提高至术后(0.57 ±0.14),(t=11.45,P＜0.01)。患者角膜散光术前平均为(0.80±0.21)D,术后散光平均为(0.78±0.3)D(t=0.19,P=0.85)。1例患者术后第一天出现一过性低眼压合并脉络膜脱离,药物控制一周内恢复。2例患者术后第一天出现少许前房出血,第二天出血自行吸收。2例患者末次随访时发生包裹性囊肿,眼压再次升高。结论 Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入联合1.8 mm微切口超声乳化手术是治疗难治性青光眼的一种较安全、有效的方法。     

雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注射辅助显微手术治疗对新生血管性青光眼患者血管内皮生长因子和血小板衍生生长因子含量的影响

目的研究雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注射辅助显微手术治疗对新生血管性青光眼(NVG)患者血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)含量的影响。方法对我院32例(32眼)NVG患者资料进行回顾和分析,所有患者接受玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗、小梁切除术和全视网膜光凝治疗。比较患者治疗前后眼压、视力、VEGF和PDGF,记录术后并发症和治疗成功率。结果 32例患者随访(8.57±1.69)个月,小梁切除术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月眼压显著低于注药前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后末次随访视力较注药前显著提高(P0.05),视力提高率90.63%;患者注药后5 d和小梁切除术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月房水、玻璃体液的VEGF和PDGF水平较注药前显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);小梁切除术后前房出血率6.25%,包裹性滤过泡率6.25%,脉络膜脱落率3.13%;术后6个月手术成功率93.75%。结论雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注射辅助用于小梁切除术和全视网膜光凝治疗,可显著降低NVG患者VEGF和PDGF水平,降低眼压、提高视力,安全有效。     

Ranibizumab Plus Combined Surgery for Treatment of Neovascular Glaucoma with Vitreous Hemorrhage

Background:Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a refractory glaucoma.The management of NVG is very difficult,and it is more difficult when combined with vitreous hemorrhage.The aim of this study was to inves...