多奈哌齐联合基础治疗对老年痴呆患者病情延缓及SOD、MDA水平的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨多奈哌齐联合基础治疗对老年痴呆患者病情延缓及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛( MDA)水平的影响，为改善老年痴呆患者病情提供依据。方法 选取收治的中度老年性痴呆患者214例，采用双盲法将患者分为常规组和治疗组各107例。其中常规组给予基础治疗，治疗组在此基础上加用多奈哌齐，对用药前后患者SOD、MDA水平进行检测，并对患者用药前后日常生活、精神状态以日常生活能力（ADL）表、智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）表进行评分，同时对疾病治疗情况进行评估。结果 入院时两组血清SOD、MDA水平以及MMSE、ADL评分比较无差别（P>005），用药后治疗组MMSE、SOD、MDA水平改善优于常规组（P<005）；治疗组痴呆改善率（96.5%），明显高于常规组（87.7%），治疗组疾病控制、改善效果好（P<005）；治疗前两组生活能力缺陷评估比较无差别（P>005），用药后两组生活能力均有明显改善，但治疗组改善优于常规组（P<005）。 结论 对老年痴呆患者在进行基础治疗的同时联合多奈哌齐治疗，能使患者症状改善，认知功能提高。     

盐酸美金刚对帕金森痴呆患者认知功能、日常生活能力的改善效果

目的:探讨分析帕金森痴呆患者服用盐酸美金刚对其日常生活能力以及认知功能的影响效果。方法:帕金森痴呆患者60例,给予随机分组,对照组口服盐酸多奈哌齐和多巴丝肼,观察组口服盐酸美金刚和多巴丝肼,对比其疗效。结果:观察组患者的Barthel指数、MMSE以及MoCA评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:帕金森痴呆患者口服盐酸美金刚对其认知功能以及日常生活能力提高较为显著。     

丁苯酞软胶囊改善帕金森痴呆患者认知功能和日常生活能力的效果及其对相关因子的影响

目的观察丁苯酞软胶囊改善帕金森痴呆(PDD)患者认知功能和日常生活能力的效果。方法 2013年6月—2015年6月湖北医药学院附属十堰市人民医院神经内科收治帕金森痴呆患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各42例。2组均予常规治疗,对照组加用盐酸多奈哌齐口服,观察组在对照组基础上加服丁苯酞软胶囊,治疗时间均为12周。观察2组治疗效果;记录2组治疗前后帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及日常生活能力(ADL)评分;同时测定2组治疗前后血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、重组人帕金森病蛋白7(PARK7)、神经营养因子-3(NT-3)水平。结果治疗后,观察组总有效率为95.24%,显著高于对照组的76.19%(X~2=6.222,P<0.05);观察组UPDRS总评分低于对照组[(20.32±5.26)分vs.(35.12±5.11)分,P<0.05],而MMSE、MoCA、ADL评分均显著高于对照组[分别为(28.92±4.78)分、(27.89±4.36)分、(75.39±4.58)分和(26.02±5.02)分、(24.12±2.78)分、(62.58±5.78)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组CRP、PARK7均低于对照组[分别为(3.98±0.36)mg/L、(14.32±2.15)μg/L和(6.35±0.48)mg/L、(25.26±4.63)μg/L],而NT-3水平高于对照组[(32.25±3.78)μg/L vs.(24.98±4.23)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊能有效改善PDD患者肢体功能运动及脑神经功能,可明显降低患者血清CRP、PARK7水平,提高NT-3水平,对PDD具有良好治疗效果,值得临床应用。     

多奈哌齐与盐酸美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病患者精神症状及认知功能的疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨多奈哌齐与盐酸美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者精神症状及认知功能的疗效。方法 选择在我院接受治疗的70例轻中度AD患者,采用完全随机比法分为盐酸美金刚组和多奈哌齐组,剔除失访、访视超窗、中途退出等病例数据后每组29例。两组服药时间均为16周。评价并比较两组患者治疗前后精神症状和认知功能相关指标变化情况,服药后不良反应发生情况,并进行临床安全性评价。结果 两组患者用药后疗效均随着时间的延长而递增,在第12个月时效果最好,之后开始下降,在第24个月时仍明显优于治疗前。与治疗前相比,盐酸美金刚组患者第3个月时MMSE、ADAS-cog、ADL、Blessed-Roth 痴呆量表评分有明显改善（P＜0.05）,GDS评分无明显变化（P＞005）;多奈哌齐组患者第3个月时MMSE、GDS、ADAS-cog 、Blessed-Roth 和ADL评分均有明显改善（P＜0.05）。两组相比较,在第3、6、12和18个月时,MMSE、GDS、ADAS-cog 、Blessed-Roth和ADL评分差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;在第24个月时,两组MMSE、ADAS-cog和Blessed-Roth评分比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而GDS和ADL比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗期间患者出现的不良反应主要为胃肠道反应,发生在增加药物剂量期间,盐酸美金刚组较为多见。结论 多奈哌齐和盐酸美金刚用于AD治疗均可改善患者的痴呆程度、认知功能和日常生活能力,两者近期疗效相当,且无明显副作用,安全性高,患者耐受性较好。     

多奈哌齐联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆患者疗效观察

目的:观察多奈哌齐联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效。方法:84例血管性痴呆患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组患者各42例。两组患者均给予多奈哌齐治疗,起始剂量5 mg/d,睡前服用。研究组患者同时给予尼莫地平口服,剂量30 mg/次,3次/日。两组患者在治疗前和治疗12、24周时用MMSE和ADL进行评分。结果:MMSE显示,研究组患者总有效率85.71%,对照组患者总有效率83.33%,两组患者有效率相比,P>0.05;ADL显示,治疗12周和24周时,研究组患者评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:多奈哌齐联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆疗效优于单纯多奈哌齐治疗。     

多奈哌齐片联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效观察

目的:观察多奈哌齐片联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析86例血管性痴呆患者临床资料,根据不同治疗方案分为对照组和研究组,每组各43例。对照组患者行多奈哌齐片治疗,研究组患者行多奈哌齐片联合尼莫地平治疗,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后MMSE与ADL量表评分及不良反应。结果:两组患者治疗后ADL与MMSE评分均比治疗前高,且研究组患者提高幅度高于对照组,均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者不良反应总发生率13.94%比对照组6.99%略高,未显示统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:多奈哌齐片联合尼莫地平治疗血管性痴呆患者的效果显著,且安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

多奈哌齐联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆临床研究

目的观察并探讨多奈哌齐联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆临床应用价值。方法选取我院2016年1月到2016年6月神经内科收治的60例皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者,按入院顺序分为研究组与对照组,各30例。对照组采用多奈哌齐治疗,研究组采用多奈哌齐联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果经治疗后,两组患者的MMSE和ADL评分均有所改善,研究组取得的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,研究组的MMSE和ADL评分明显优于对照组两组对比差异明显,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆病采用多奈哌齐联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗,疗效显著,患者精神状态与生活能力均有所改善,值得临床推广应用。     

盐酸美金刚治疗帕金森痴呆近期临床效果评估报道

目的:探究盐酸美金刚治疗帕金森痴呆近期的临床效果。方法:选择收治的帕金森痴呆患者61例,并分为治疗组及对照组,两组均给予相同的常规治疗,然后对照组采用盐酸多奈哌齐,治疗组采用盐酸美金刚。比较两组治疗后第4、10、16周的MMSE量表评分情况,和治疗16周后日常生日能力情况。结果:治疗4、6、10周后治疗组患者的MMSE量表评分均优于对照组,治疗16周后治疗组患者的日常生活能力优于对照组。结论:对帕金森痴呆患者采用盐酸美金刚治疗,可以改善患者的神经功能,改善患者自主生活质量,近期临床疗效显著。     

补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法对不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍患者的疗效

【摘要】 目的 探讨分析补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法对不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍患者的疗效。方法 选取2015年10月~2017年12月于我院治疗的不完全脊髓损伤患者74例,随机分为随机组和对照组两组。对照组采用常规药物进行治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上采用补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果,观察记录两组患者的ADL评分、各项功能评分差值及步行能力评分、疼痛评分（VAS）等指标。结果 研究组的临床疗效显著优于对照组(P＜005);与治疗前相比,两组患者各项功能评分差值及步行能力评分明显升高(P＜005),且研究组步行能力等各项指标均显著高于对照组(P＜005);研究组疼痛评分（ADL）显著高于对照组(P＜005);研究组治疗后 VAS评分明显低于对照组( P＜005)。结论 在不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍治疗过程当中,补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法的治疗效果理想,可在临床推广应用。     

多奈哌齐联合美金刚治疗老年性痴呆患者认知功能和行为能力的改善作用

目的观察使用多奈哌齐与美金刚联合治疗老年性痴呆对患者认知功能及行为能力的作用。方法选取收治的老年性痴呆患者46例,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组患者使用多奈哌齐与美金刚联用治疗,对照组患者使用吡拉西坦进行治疗,对比观察两组患者治疗后认知功能（MMSE量表）及行为能力（ADL量表）情况。结果观察组患者MMSE与ADL评分均明显优于对照组（P〈O05）,差异有统计学意义。两组患者的不良反应均较为轻微,且差异不明显（P〉0.05）,差异无统计学意义。结论对老年痴呆患者使用多奈哌齐与美金刚联合治疗,能够明显改善患者的认知功能与行为能力,具有理想的临床应用价值。     

Parkinson's disease and primate research: past, present, and future

Scientific research involving non-human primates has contributed towards many advances in medicine and surgery. This review discusses its role in the progress made towards our understanding of Parkinson's disease and its treatment. Established medical treatments like dopamine agonists continue to need primate models to assess their efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action. The recently developed treatment of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus required validation in primates before entering the clinic. Controversies surrounding future treatments such as gene therapy show the need for properly evaluated preclinical research using appropriate animal models before progression to clinical trials. Research on primates has played--and continues to play--a crucial part in deepening our understanding of Parkinson's disease, improving current therapies, and developing new treatments that are both safe and effective. In animal research, the "three Rs" of humane technique--reduction, refinement, and replacement--should be adhered to.     

ApaI,BsmI, FokI,and TaqI Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Parkinson's Disease

Background:

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for susceptibility to Parkinson''s disease (PD), but results from genetic association studies to date are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to evaluate the association of the extensively studied VDR ApaI (G/T), BsmI (G/A), FokI (C/T), and TaqI (T/C) gene polymorphisms with risk of PD.

Methods:

Electronic search at PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu database, and Wanfang database was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) values was applied to evaluate the strength of the association.

Results:

A total of seven studies with 2034 PD cases and 2432 controls were included in the meta-analysis following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, no significant association between ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI gene polymorphisms and PD susceptibility in all four genetic models was found (T vs. G: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89–1.12, P = 0.97; A vs. G: OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.77–1.15, P = 0.53; C vs. T: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.85–1.25, P = 0.77) while a significant association between FokI (C/T) and PD risk was observed (C vs. T: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.14–1.75, P = 0.001; CC vs. TT: OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.52–3.93, P = 0.0002; CT vs. TT: OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38–3.52, P = 0.0009, CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.49–3.61, P = 0.0002).

Conclusions:

Polymorphisms of ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI may not be associated with the susceptibility to PD while the FokI (C/T) polymorphism is possibly associated with increased PD risk. However, conclusions should be cautiously interpreted due to the relatively small number of studies included.     

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Nourishing Yin, Supplementing Qi, and Activating Blood on Reproductive Endocrine Activity and Immune Functions in Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin,supplementing qi,and activating blood on the reproductive endocrine-immune network and its mechanisms in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome(pSS).Methods:Seventy pSS patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a randomized digital table:the integrative therapy group(36 cases) and the control group(34 cases).Thirty healthy subjects were taken as a normal group.The control group was treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets alone,and the integrative therapy group was treated by Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin,supplementing qi,and activating blood combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets.The treatment course was 6 months for both groups.Before and after treatment,serum estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin(PRL) by radioimmunoassay and immunoglobulin(IgG) by immunodiffusion,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) by Westergren,interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were determined.Results:E2 and T levels in all patients were lower than those of normal subjects before treatment(P0.05) and were increased significantly after 6-month treatment(P0.05).ESR,FSH,LH,IgG,IFN-γ,IL- 4 and ratios of E2/T,and IFN- 7/IL in the patients were higher than those of normal subjects before the treatments(P0.05),and were reduced significantly after the treatments(P0.05).The T and IFN-γ levels and E2/T ratio in the patients treated with integrative therapy were reduced significantly compared with the control group(P0.05).However,the PRL levels before and after treatment were not significantly changed in the two groups(P0.05).The ratios of E2/T and IFN-γ/IL-4,and levels of IgG and ESR were positively correlated before and after treatment(P0.05).Conclusions:The ratios of E2/T and IFN- γ /IL-4 might be used as indicators of pSS activity.Chinese herbal medicines for nourishing yin,supplementing qi,and activating blood combined with Western medicine could improve the therapeutic effect by regulating the reproductive endocrine-immune network in pSS patients.     

Frequency-specific Alterations of Large-scale Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Background:

Previous studies have indicated that the cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD) may be due to topological deteriorations of the brain network. However, whether the selection of a specific frequency band could impact the topological properties is still not clear. Our hypothesis is that the topological properties of AD patients are also frequency-specific.

Methods:

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 10 right-handed moderate AD patients (mean age: 64.3 years; mean mini mental state examination [MMSE]: 18.0) and 10 age and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 63.6 years; mean MMSE: 28.2) were enrolled in this study. The global efficiency, the clustering coefficient (CC), the characteristic path length (CpL), and “small-world” property were calculated in a wide range of thresholds and averaged within each group, at three different frequency bands (0.01–0.06 Hz, 0.06–0.11 Hz, and 0.11–0.25 Hz).

Results:

At lower-frequency bands (0.01–0.06 Hz, 0.06–0.11 Hz), the global efficiency, the CC and the “small-world” properties of AD patients decreased compared to controls. While at higher-frequency bands (0.11–0.25 Hz), the CpL was much longer, and the “small-world” property was disrupted in AD, particularly at a higher threshold. The topological properties changed with different frequency bands, suggesting the existence of disrupted global and local functional organization associated with AD.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that the topological alterations of large-scale functional brain networks in AD patients are frequency dependent, thus providing fundamental support for optimal frequency selection in future related research.     

Increased levels of anti-glycan antibodies in patients with cystic fibrosis

Background

The prevalence of Crohn''s disease (CD) is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been suggested as a screening tool to detect CD in CF. Recently, several new anti-glycan antibodies have been reported in CD.

Materials and methods

The sera of 119 CF patients of various age groups were prospectively screened for ASCA type IgG (gASCA), anti-laminaribioside carbohydrate IgG antibodies (ALCA), anti-chitobioside carbohydrate IgA antibodies (ACCA), and anti-mannobioside carbohydrate IgG antibodies (AMCA). The frequency of these anti-glycan antibodies was then compared in patients with CD, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and healthy volunteers.

Results

A significant number of CF patients were positive for gASCA (51.3% [41.6-60.6]) and up to three other anti-glycan antibodies concurrently. Serum levels of anti-glycan antibodies in CF and CD were not related to parameters of inflammation. Despite the well-documented difference in clinical course between male and female CF patients no gender difference of anti-glycan antibodies was found. In contrast, there was a significant positive correlation between anti-glycan markers and age in CF patients.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate for the first time the increased frequency of a panel of anti-glycan antibodies in CF and provide a link between the presence of these serological biomarkers and patient''s age. Anti-glycan antibody profiling may therefore become a valuable tool in the care of patients with CF.     

A patient with Graves' disease who survived despite developing thyroid storm and lactic acidosis

A 56-year-old woman with Graves'' disease presented with the complaints of diarrhea and palpitations. Physical examination and laboratory data revealed hypothermia and signs of mild hyperthyroidism, heart failure, hepatic dysfunction with jaundice, hypoglycemia, and lactic acidosis. The patient was diagnosed as having developed the complication of thyroid storm in the absence of marked elevation of the thyroid hormone levels, because of the potential hepatic and cardiac dysfunctions caused by heavy alcohol drinking. A year later, after successful treatment, the patient remains well without any clinical evidence of heart failure or hepatic dysfunction. Thyroid storm associated with lactic acidosis and hypothermia is a serious condition and has rarely been reported. Prompt treatment is essential even if the serum thyroid hormone levels are not markedly elevated. We present a report about this patient, as her life could eventually be saved.     

不同手术方式治疗创伤性踝关节炎临床疗效对比

目的 分析比较3种不同手术方式治疗创伤性踝关节炎的临床疗效,旨在为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法 选取本院2011年1月～2013年4月收治的90例创伤性踝关节炎患者,按照不同治疗方式将患者分为3组,每组30例,分别采用人工全踝关节置换术（踝关节置换组）和踝关节融合外架固定术（踝关节融合外架固定组）、踝关节融合内固定术（踝关节融合内固定组）。踝关节置换组患者平均随访时间为（34.56±3.42）个月,踝关节融合外架固定组患者平均随访时间为（33.14±3.26）个月,踝关节融合内固定组患者平均随访时间为（36.78±4.57）个月。观察比较3组患者术前、术后AOFAS踝 后足评分、术后生活质量改善情况以及早期临床疗效。结果 3组患者在年龄、性别、随访时间、体重指数（BMI）、术前活动度等临床资料比较无差异（P>0.05）,但踝关节置换组术后踝关节活动度较术前明显改善（P<0.05）;术前3组患者AOFAS踝后足评分比较无差异（P>0.05）,术后3组患者AOFAS踝 后足评分均有升高,但踝关节置换组AOFAS踝 后足评分明显高于踝关节融合外架固定组及踝关节融合内固定组（均P<0.05）,而踝关节融合外架固定组及踝关节融合内固定组间AOFAS踝 后足评分比较无差异（P>0.05）;术前3组患者SF-36评分比较无差异（P>0.05）,术后3组患者SF-36评分均有升高,但踝关节置换组SF-36评分明显高于踝关节融合外架固定组与踝关节融合内固定组（均P<0.05）,而踝关节融合外架固定组与踝关节融合内固定组间SF-36评分比较无差异（P>0.05）;创伤性踝关节炎术后都存在一定的并发症,主要包括骨不连、假体松动、浅深部感染、对位对线不良等,踝关节置换组并发症发生率为20.00%,踝关节融合外架固定组并发症发生率为26.67%,踝关节融合内固定组并发症发生率为26.67%,3组并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论 采用人工全踝关节置换术治疗创伤性踝关节炎比踝关节融合术疗效更好,能更快地改善患者的生活质量,且没有增加患者术后并发症的发生率,可在临床推广应用。     

A clinical report of entangled neonates' umbilical cord with queen's fur in Persian cat

A 3-year-old Persian queen was referred to Teaching Veterinary Hospital while 3 neonates'' umbilical cords were entangled with the queen''s tail hair. Close inspection of the cat showed that the umbilical cords of 3 kittens had twisted around together and entangled with the moms'' hairs in the base of tail region. Also this complex has been warped around the left tarsus of one of the involved kittens and caused swelling and skin darkness in the involved limb. Operation was carried out urgently. After cutting the queen''s involved hairs the kittens were released. Then the twisted umbilical cords and the hairs were isolated from the umbilical cord and the involved leg was released from the umbilical cords and the twisted umbilical cords were separated from each other. During one week follow up, dry gangrene occurred in the distal extremity of the injured limb and consequently, amputation was performed on the distal part of tibia. Our clinical findings suggest that long hair coats of queens could be a maternal life threatening factor for neonates'' life.     

Inflammatory bowel disease at the korle bu teaching hospital, accra

SummaryCase files of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) managed by the author in the Medical Department over the period 1997 - 2004 have been reviewed to identify some features of the disease that may aid improved diagnosis and management. The findings indicate that IBD may not be rare in the country and that there is usually a long delay in establishing the diagnosis. It appears that, in Ghana, more males than females are affected and that most are fifty years of age or below. Malignant colonic change is uncommon but there is a high default rate among the patients. Five patients (29%) died. Cases managed in an Arab country, between 1987 and 1996, have been compared. In that group more female than male patients were affected but the commonest age group affected was similar. The diagnosis was similarly delayed but no deaths were recorded as opposed to the Ghana patients. Since Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a potentially treatable condition medical practitioners need increased awareness to avoid undue delay in diagnosis.     

Dopamine Agonists Exert Nurr1-inducing Effect in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Background:

Nurr1 plays an essential role in the development, survival, and function maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and it is a potential target for Parkinson''s disease (PD). Nurr1 mRNA can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether there is any association of altered Nurr1 expression in PBMC with the disease and DA drug treatments remains elusive. This study aimed to measure the Nurr1 mRNA level in PBMC and evaluate the effect of Nurr1 expression by DA agents in vivo and in vitro.

Methods:

The mRNA levels of Nurr1 in PBMC of four subgroups of 362 PD patients and 193 healthy controls (HCs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction were measured. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to evaluate the differences between PD and HC, as well as the subgroups of PD. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of Nurr1 expression with Hoehn and Yahr scale, age, and drug treatments. Besides, the Nurr1 expression in cultured PBMC was measured to determine whether DA agonist pramipexole affects its mRNA level.

Results:

The relative Nurr1 mRNA levels in DA agonists treated subgroup were significant higher than those in recent-onset cases without any anti-PD treatments (de novo) (P < 0.001) and HC groups (P < 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, the increase in Nurr1 mRNA expression was seen in DA agonist and L-dopa group. Multivariate linear regression showed DA agonists, L-dopa, and DA agonists were independent predictors correlated with Nurr1 mRNA expression level in PBMC. In vitro, in the cultured PBMC treated with 10 μmol/L pramipexole, the Nurr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 99.61%, 71.75%, 73.16% in 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

DA agonists can induce Nurr1 expression in PBMC, and such effect may contribute to DA agonists-mediated neuroprotection on DA neurons.