辽宁省鞍山市2005—2014年城区恶性肿瘤发病分析

目的 分析鞍山市城区2005—2014年恶性肿瘤的发病趋势及分布情况,为更好的防治恶性肿瘤提供科学依据。方法 收集鞍山市肿瘤登记处2005—2014年的恶性肿瘤发病资料,计算恶性肿瘤发病率、标化发病率、年龄别发病率和构成比等指标。标化率采用2000年全国人口普查标准人口年龄构成和Segi′s世界标准人口年龄构成为标准。结果 2005—2014年,鞍山城区恶性肿瘤粗发病率整体呈缓慢上升趋势,而世标率2008年之前呈缓慢上升,2008年以后呈缓慢下降趋势。2005—2014年鞍山城区恶性肿瘤发病率为324.1/10万,中标率为198.0/10万,世标率为192.0/10万,截缩率(35~64岁)为214.9/10万,累积率为（0~74岁）21.6%。男性发病率高于女性（男性为339.0/10万,女性为309.4/10万）。恶性肿瘤发病率随着年龄增加而上升,35岁之前处于较低水平,35岁之后上升较快,60岁之后上升更快;男、女发病率均在80~84岁组达到高峰,85岁之后有所下降。男性恶性肿瘤发病前5位为肺、结直肠、肝、胃、膀胱,占全部恶性肿瘤68.0%。女性恶性肿瘤发病前5位为乳腺、肺、结直肠、子宫颈、肝,占全部恶性肿瘤的65.6%。结论 2005—2014年恶性肿瘤发病率总体呈上升趋势,肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等是今后工作防控重点。     

Jamaica cancer mortality statistics, 1999

A total of 2697 cancer-related deaths were documented among Jamaicans for the year 1999, accounting for 17.7% of all deaths. Males accounted for 1466 and females for 1231. The age-adjusted cancer mortality rate was 171.7 per 100,000 for males, 122.0 per 100,000 for females and 140.5 per 100,000 for the total population. Leading cancer mortality sites for males were prostate, lung and stomach and in females, breast, cervix uteri and large bowel. Most deaths were recorded in the 55-64 and 65-74 year-age groups. Despite well-established cervical cancer screening programmes, the calculated mortality rate for cancer of the cervix uteri in Jamaican females (15.8 per 100,000) is approximately two and a half times that seen in African-American females.     

Cancer incidence and mortality in Antigua/Barbuda

An inquiry into the incidence and mortality of malignant neoplasms in Antigua/Barbuda was undertaken to document the magnitude of the disease. The top ranking cancers diagnosed in 114 males were skin (26.3%), prostate (22.8%) and upper respiratory and alimentary tract (10.5%). In 130 females, the 3 main cancers were breast (23.1%), cervix uteri (22.3%), and skin (15.3%). The main cancers causing death were stomach (22.3%) and prostate (17.8%) in 157 males; and breast (18.2%) and cervix uteri (14.1%) in 149 females. Imprecise documentation, insufficient clinico-pathological correlation and the finding of advanced cancers underscore the need for a cancer registry and cancer society in Antigua/Barbuda.     

Age-specific incidence of cancer in Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica, 2003-2007

A total of 4981 cancers were recorded in Kingston and St. Andrew during the period 2003-2007: 2536 in males and 2445 in females. Age standardized rates per 100,000 per year (ASR) were 188.8 and 144.2 for males and females respectively, and are relatively unchanged, compared to the previous report (188.6 for males and 144.2 for females, 1998-2002). In males, the leading sites for cancer were prostate, bronchus and large bowel, while in females, they were breast, cervix uteri and large bowel. The leading sites for both genders have been maintained in the same order as in the previous report, but for males, there were increases in the incidence of prostate (ASR 65.5 vs. 78.1 per 100,000 per year) and colorectal (ASR 13.7 vs. 17.2 per 100,000 per year) cancers and a decrease in the incidence of cancer of the bronchus (ASR 22.8 vs. 18.6 per 100,000 per year). For females, there was a modest decrease in incidence of cervical cancer (ASR 19 vs. 17.4 per 100,000 per year) while the incidence of cancers of the breast and large bowel remained relatively stable (ASR 40.1 vs. 43 per 100,000 per year for breast and ASR 13 vs. 12.8 per 100,000 per year for colorectal cancer). These data support the need for urgent institution of formal programmes for prevention and control of cancers of the breast and large bowel in the Jamaican population. Malignancies of unknown primary site were common in both genders and require further investigation.     

加拿大华人癌肿死亡率研究(摘要)

本文比较加拿大华人与加拿大人的癌肿死亡率。结果显示加拿大华人癌肿死亡率无论男、女均高于加拿大人,男标化死亡比(SMR)为141;女SMR为116,其差异在统计学上有极显著意义。各部位癌肿死亡情况与美国华人极为相似。加拿大华人无论男、女其鼻咽癌、肝癌死亡率明显高于加拿大人。肺、胃、肠癌死亡率亦高于加拿大人。加拿大华人男性前列腺癌低于加拿大人;加拿大华人女性肺癌、子宫颈癌均高于加拿大人;但乳腺癌、卵巢癌明显低于加拿大人。加拿大华人男、女皮肤癌死亡率均明显低于加拿大人。这对进一步研究加拿大华人癌肿病因提供一可靠依据。     

30-year cancer trends in Jamaica. Kingston & St. Andrew (1958-1987)

A total of 19,225 malignant neoplasms were recorded in Kingston & St. Andrew, Jamaica over the 30-year period 1958-1987. The most prevalent cancers in males were those of prostate (12.2%), stomach (10.9%) and lung (10.7%). In females 24.1% of cancers occurred in breast and 20% were recorded for invasive carcinoma of the cervix. There is a steady improvement in the diagnosis of in situ cervical lesions, and a relative decline in the incidence of invasive lesions. Lung cancer in women remains at a low level. A significant decline in cancer of the oesophagus and stomach in both sexes was noted, while neoplasms of colon and rectum maintained a stable pattern. The 30-year trends of lymphomas and leukaemias have shown no increase, although there are changes in classification patterns.     

Cancer incidence and mortality in Grenada 1990-2000

This paper summarizes and discusses the available cancer incidence (1996-2000) and mortality data (1990-2000) for the tri-island Caribbean nation of Grenada, Carriacou and Petit Martinique. Data for the analysis came from three sources: the Grenada Department of Statistics, the histopathology specimen books from St George's General Hospital and the Death Registry of the Ministry of Health, Grenada. The age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100 000 for all cancer sites combined were 170.2 in females and 158.2 in males. The four most frequent diagnoses (ASR) by cancer site in females were cervix (60.7), breast (49.1), uterus (28.4) and skin (13.3); and among males, prostate (61.4), bladder (16.3), skin (19.3) and stomach (10). Age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 for all cancer sites combined were 105.4 in females and 165 in males. The four most frequent cancer associated mortalities (ASR) in females were breast (17.9), uterus (11.2), colon (10.3) and cervix (9.7); and among males, prostate (53.6), lung (18.7), stomach (14.5) and colon (10.9). This study found statistically significant spatial trends for overall cancer mortality and temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates for prostate and for incidence rates of stomach cancer. These rates are compared with those from other areas in the Caribbean and the United States of America and encourage efforts to establish a cancer registry in Grenada.     

A hospital based study of cancer admissions

A study was done on patients admitted to Penang Hospital with malignant disease in 1995. A total of 1333 patients (638 male, 695 female) with 1335 malignancies were studied. The majority (77.3%) were aged 41-80 years. The commonest cancers in males were cancers of lung, nasopharynx, colon and rectum, leukemia and larynx whereas the commonest malignancies in females were of the breast, cervix, colon and rectum, leukemia and ovarian/lung carcinoma. The average number of admissions was 2.2 and the average length of stay was 12.7 days. Cancer admissions account for a significant proportion of the inpatient workload of Penang Hospital.     

Trend Analysis of Cancer Mortality in the Jinchang Cohort,China, 2001-2010

Objective To describe the baseline data of cancers in the Jinchang Cohort, this paper examined trends in cancer mortality among adults investigated in Jinchang, Gansu province from 2001 to 2010.
Methods Mortality data were collected from company departments through administrative documents, death certificates, etc. Trend analyses of cancer mortality were performed on the basis of 925 cancer deaths between 2001 and 2010.
Results The crude mortality rate of cancer continuously increased from 161.86 per 100,000 in 2001 to
315.32 per 100,000 in 2010, with an average increase of 7.69%per year in the Jinchang Cohort (16.41%in females compared to 6.04% in males), but the age-standardized mortality rate increased only in females. Thirteen leading cancers accounted for 92.10%of all cancer deaths. The five leading causes of cancer mortality in males were lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, whereas those in females were lung, liver, gastric, breast, and esophageal cancer.
Conclusion The overall cancer mortality rate increased from 2001 to 2010 in the Jinchang Cohort, with greater rate of increase in females than in males. Lung, breast, and gastric cancer, in that order, were the leading causes of increased cancer mortality in females.     

日本国膳食与癌症和非传染性疾病死亡率之间的关系

目的L：为了评价膳食因素对癌症和非传染性疾病的影响。方法：通过收集日本国家营养调查和国民健康的相关资料。分析不同食品消费与癌症和非传染性疾病之间的相关关系。结果：研究发现谷类食物，植物性能量和植物性蛋白的摄入与癌症，心脏病，糖尿病的死亡率均显示了有意义的负相关；其中，分别与男女肺癌，结肠癌和男性直肠癌，肝癌和前列腺癌及女性的乳房癌呈有意义的负相关，但与男女的男癌呈有意义的正相关，而动物性食物，动物性能量，动物性蛋白和脂肪的摄入与癌症，心脏病和糖尿病死亡率之间均具有较强的正相关；其中，分别与男女的肺癌，结肠癌和男性直肠癌，肝癌及女性的乳房癌呈正相关。相反与男女的胃癌和女性的食管癌，肝癌，子宫癌呈较强的负相关，蔬菜和水果和消费与胃癌死亡率显示了较弱的负相关。结论：研究结果认为膳食因素不仅可增加某些癌症和慢性疾病的危险性。而且也具有一定的预防保健作用。因此，强调平衡膳食对预防癌症和非传染性疾病是极为重要的。     

Cancer screening for the primary care physician

Cancer screening guidelines are developed by numerous agencies. These guidelines are often conflicting leaving the primary care physician in a difficult position. He (she) is requested to choose the best test for his or her patients taking into consideration the principles of screening, the test cost and most importantly the patient's emotional and physical well-being. Screening for some cancers, like lung cancer, has been considered of no benefit. Other cancers, like breast, colon, cervix and prostate, have been the subject of numerous recommendations: For breast cancer, clinical examination and mammography are recommended every 1-2 years for women between 50 to 70 years. For cervical cancer, PAP smear is suggested every 1-3 years and for colorectal cancer, a yearly fecal occult blood, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy every 5-10 years. Annual serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination screening for prostate cancer are still controversial.     

1981～1992年恶性肿瘤7840例临床病理分析

恶性肿瘤７８４０例临床病理资料分析结果表明：①恶性肿瘤占临床病理检验总病例数的１７．５８％（７８４０／４４５９７）．年均病例数为６５３．３例。②２５种恶性肿瘤的构成比由高到低依次是胃癌和宫颈癌（二者并列第一）、大肠癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、恶性淋巴瘤、肺癌、喉癌、卵巢癌、皮肤癌、宫体癌、甲状腺癌、骨肿瘤、肝癌、膀胱癌、外阴及阴道癌、脑肿瘤、肾癌、绒癌、扁桃体癌、胰腺癌、胆囊癌、睾丸癌、前列腺癌及其它。③近年来，宫颈癌和鼻咽癌的构成比呈下降的趋势，胃癌的病例数也有所减少，而乳腺癌病例数则呈增多的趋势。④８０年代初（１９８１～１９８２）与９０年代初（１９９１～１９９２）比较，不同肿瘤的病例数出现了明显的变化，８０年代初，病例数较多的恶性肿瘤依次是宫颈癌、胃癌、大肠癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、食管癌等；而９０年代则依次是胃癌、乳腺癌、大肠癌、宫颈癌、肺癌等。⑤女性恶性肿瘤病例数多于男性，女性占５５．７０％（４３６７／７８４０）．男性占４４．３０％（３４７３／７８４０）．男女之比为１：１．２６。     

Stage at diagnosis and cancer survival for Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Indigenous Australians with cancer have more advanced disease at diagnosis than other Australians, and whether late diagnosis explains lower Indigenous cancer survival rates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Indigenous and non-Indigenous people diagnosed with cancers of the colon and rectum, lung, breast or cervix and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1991-2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SEER summary stage of cancer at diagnosis (local, regional or distant spread), cause-specific cancer survival rates and relative risk of cancer death. RESULTS: Diagnosis with advanced disease (regional or distant spread) was more common for Indigenous people (70%; 95% CI, 62%-78%) than for non-Indigenous people (51%; 95% CI, 53%-59%) with cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, cervix and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but for lung cancer the opposite was found (Indigenous, 56% [95% CI, 46%-65%] v non-Indigenous, 69% [95% CI, 64%-75%]). Stage-adjusted survival rates were lower for Indigenous people for each cancer site. With few exceptions, the relative risk of cancer death was higher for Indigenous people for each category of stage at diagnosis for each cancer site. CONCLUSIONS: Health services apparently could, and should, be performing better for Indigenous people with cancer in the Northern Territory, and probably elsewhere in Australia. This study has demonstrated that data from cancer registers, enhanced with data on stage at diagnosis, can be used to monitor health service performance for Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory; similar data is available in other States, and could be used to monitor health service performance for Indigenous people throughout Australia.     

Cancer case-survival rates for South Australia: a comparison with US rates and a preliminary investigation of time trends

Five-year relative case-survival rates for all cancers collectively are similar in South Australia (49%) and the United States (50%). This suggests that outcomes of cancer treatment do not vary appreciably between the two populations. There is an indication of higher survival rates in South Australia for melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer, but lower survival rates for cancers of the thyroid, corpus uteri, prostate, colon, kidney and lung. The differences in point estimates of the rates were most conspicuous for Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and prostatic cancer. The reasons for a cautious interpretation of these findings are discussed and some possible explanations are suggested. South Australian data point to an upward trend in survival rates between the diagnostic periods 1977-1980 and 1981-1985 for patients with Hodgkin's disease, diffuse large-cell lymphomas, melanomas and cancers of the prostate and rectum.     

Cancer incidence and mortality in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China, 2016: a population-based study

Backgrounds:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, seriously threatening human health and life expectancy. We aimed to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates during 2016 in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China.Methods:Data were collected from 14 population-based cancer registries across Zhejiang Province of China. Cancer incidence and mortality rates stratified by sex and region were analyzed. The crude rate, age-standardized rate, age-specific and region-specific rate, and cumulative rate were calculated. The proportions of 10 common cancers in different groups and the incidence and mortality rates of the top five cancers in different age groups were also calculated. The Chinese national census of 2000 and the world Segi population was used for calculating the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results:The 14 cancer registries covered a population of 14,250,844 individuals, accounting for 29.13% of the population of Zhejiang Province. The total reported cancer cases and deaths were 55,835 and 27,013, respectively. The proportion of morphological verification (MV%) was 78.95% of the population, and percentage of incident cases identified through death certificates only (DCO%) was 1.23% with a mortality-to-incidence ratio (M/I ratio) of 0.48. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 391.80/10⁵; the age-standardized incidence rate of the Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and the age-standardized incidence rate of the world standard population (ASIRW) were 229.76/10⁵ and 220.96/10⁵, respectively. The incidence rate in men was higher than that in women. The incidence rate increased rapidly after 45 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 80 to 84 years. The top 10 incidence rates of cancers were lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer (from highest to lowest). The crude mortality rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 189.55/10⁵; the age-standardized mortality rate of the Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and the age-standardized mortality rate of the world standard population (ASMRW) were 94.46/10⁵ and 93.42/10⁵, respectively. The mortality rate in men was higher than that in women, and the male population in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The cancer mortality rate increased rapidly after 50 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 85+ years. The top 10 mortality rates of cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia (from highest to lowest).Conclusions:Lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer were the most common cancers in Zhejiang Province. Effective prevention and control measures should be established after considering the different characteristics of cancers in urban and rural areas.     

安徽省肥西县2009~2012年恶性肿瘤发病特征分析

目的：分析安徽省肥西县2009~2012年恶性肿瘤发病特征。方法通过肥西县国家肿瘤登记系统,收集2009~2012年肥西县恶性肿瘤的发病资料,计算恶性肿瘤发病粗率、累积率(0~74岁)、截缩率(35~64岁)、年龄别率以及前5位恶性肿瘤发病顺位和构成等。采用1982年中国标准人口构成和世界人口年龄构成分别计算中国和世界人口年龄标化发病率。结果肥西县2009~2012年共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例8517例,年平均粗发病率为238．83/10万(男性为313．53/10万,女性为157．09/10万),年平均Segi′s世界人口构成调整发病率为186.31/10万(男性为247．80/10万,女性为121．79/10万)。男性前五位高发肿瘤依次为胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌、直肠癌,女性前五位依次为胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌。50岁后人群恶性肿瘤发病开始上升,80岁以后达到高峰。结论肥西县恶性肿瘤发病率趋于稳定,消化系统肿瘤和肺癌仍是威胁居民健康的主要肿瘤,为该地区癌症预防控制重点,男性肝癌、女性乳腺癌和子宫颈癌也应提高警惕。     

Histopathology based cancer pattern in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh

To our knowledge, population-based published data regarding the cancer profile in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh is not available. This study was designed to provide information regarding the frequencies of cancers through sample data retrieved from histopathology (surgical pathology) laboratory based cancer registry from two laboratories in Mymensingh. All malignant tumours recorded in 2006 in the register of pathology laboratory of Mymensingh Medical College and one private pathology laboratory in Mymensingh town were taken as sample data for analysis in terms of age groups, gender and types of cancer with relation to site. A total of 470 cases diagnosed as cancer were found in the register, of which males were 249(53%) and females were 221(47%) with male to female ratio 1.2: 1. Highest numbers of cases were found in the age group of 51-60 years. In male group frequency of malignant tumours was found in the age group of 51-60 years and the female group it is 41-50 years. Top five sites of cancer, irrespective of sex, were of stomach, uterine cervix, colo-rectum, lymph nodes and breast. According to decreasing order of frequency, in the males, the top five cancers were of stomach, lymph node, oesophagus, urinary bladder and colo-rectum. In the female groups these were of uterine cervix, breast, ovary, colo-rectum and stomach. Cancer cases in the age group of 51-60 years were significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.001). The commonest cancers in males and females were of stomach and cervix, respectively. As the analysis was based only on surgical specimens, the exact incidence of cancer of lung and liver could not be evaluated. Because, majorities of the malignancies in these organs are diagnosed mainly on cytological examination. Population-based cancer registry should be maintained to explore the exact patterns of cancer in the study region. Cervical cancer screening program and eradication of H. pylori infection program may be helpful for the reduction of incidence of cancer in this region.     

中国上海人群肺癌发病的时间趋势及预后因素

目的了解上海肺癌发病的时间趋势及影响生存的预后因素。方法由上海全死因登记报告系统所获得的2002至2004年恶性肿瘤患者死亡个案资料,按国际癌症登记协会（IACR）的肿瘤登记计算指南进行计算。分别按粗率和标率计算1972年至2004年的年度变化百分比（APC）,对上海市发病时间趋势进行估计。采用Cox比例风险模型对影响生存的多因素进行分析,参数包括性别、年龄、居住区域、病理类型、临床分期、首诊医院级别。结果自1972年以来的32年,上海市中心区男性肺癌发病粗率APC增加1．723％,而女性增加2．036％,均呈逐渐增高趋势（P均〈0．01）;但男性肺癌的标化发病率APC为-0．605％,呈下降趋势（P〈0．01）,而女性为-0．136％,呈平稳趋势（P〉0．05）。上海市肺癌发病患者中Ⅲ、Ⅳ期占大多数,分别占35．6％和42．2％。上海市女性肺癌的3年生存率为17．05％,中位生存期（MST）为0．83年,均高于男性的14．01％和0．77年（P均〈0．01）,对各期肺癌的不同性别亚组的生存期分析显示女性生存期均较男性为高（P〈0．05）。Cox多因素分析结果提示性别、年龄、居住区域、病理类型、期别、首诊医院级别对肺癌生存有影响（P均〈0．01）;其中女性、年轻、居住市中心区、鳞癌、早期、高级别医院可能对生存有益,而男性、老年、居住郊区、小细胞癌、晚期、低级别医院这些因素可能对肺癌患者不利。结论上海市肺癌的发病水平逐渐接近欧美国家。女性、年轻、市中心区居住、鳞癌、早期、高级别医院治疗对肺癌的生存有益。各期别女性肺癌的预后均优于男性,但原因尚不清楚。     

Pattern of cancer occurrence in rural population of West Bengal--a hospital-based study

Incidence of cancer in India is lower than in the West and the commonly affected sites are very different. Cancers of the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx) contribute more than half of the cancers in men and about a quarter in women. Indigenous habits of chewing and smoking seem to be primarily responsible for the high incidence of these cancers. During a 10-year study period, out of a total 20072 cases biopsied, 3226 (16.07%) were malignant. The maximum number of malignancies were from cervix uteri ie, 1499 (44.92%); next oral cavity and pharynx (n = 437; 13.55%) frequently found in males; breast was third in the series. Cancer of the cervix uteri is a major problem in women. Practical measures are to be taken for the prevention of these cancers common in India.