华山楝枝叶的化学成分及抗菌活性研究

目的对楝科山楝属植物华山楝Aphanamixissinensis枝叶的化学成分及其抗菌活性进行研究。方法采用硅胶、C18反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶及MCI等多种柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质结合波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。利用滤纸法对萜类化合物1～13进行抗金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923、大肠杆菌CICC 10003和沙门菌UK-18956活性筛选。结果从华山楝枝叶中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为(23E)-25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3β-ol(1)、25-hydroxy-cycloart-23-en-3-one(2)、23(Z)-9,19-cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol(3)、23(E)-cycloart-23-en-3β,25-diol(4)、ent-labd-8(17),13E-dien-15-ol(5)、vulgaro(6)、ambroxdiok(7)、α-cadinol(8)、1(10)-en-oxo-7α-isopropanoleremophilane(9)、(5R,7R,10S)-isopterocarpolone(10)、1S,4S,5S,10R-4,10-guaianediol(11)、(4R,5R,7S,9S,10S)-(-)-eudesma-11(13)-en-4,9-diol(12)、phytol(13)、ergosterol endoperoxide(14)和7α-hydroxysitosterol(15)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,其中,化合物2、5、7～10和12～15为首次从该属中分离。化合物5显示出明显的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值为5μg/mL。     

黔产灰毛浆果楝枝叶中一个新环戊烯酮结构北大核心

目的:研究黔产灰毛浆果楝Cipadessa cinerascens(Pell.)Hand.-Mazz.枝叶的化学成分。方法:运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、HPLC等方法分离化合物,综合运用多种波谱方法和理化性质对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从黔产灰毛浆果楝枝叶乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:2-cyclopenten-1-one,4-hydroxy-2-(16-hydroxy-12E,14E,18E-hexadeceneyl)(1)、十六烷酸(2)、13(R)-羟基-(9Z,11E,15Z)-十八三烯酸(3)、甘油亚麻酸酯(4)、cipatrijugin A(5)、cipatrijugin D(6)、21α-methylmelianodiol(7)、21β-methylmelianodiol(8)、labd-13(E)-ene-8α,15-diol-15-yl acetate(9)、labd-13(E)-ene-8α,15-diol(10)、(11E)-8-hydroxy-14,15-dinor-11-labden-13-one(11)。结论:其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物3、4、11为首次从该科植物中分离得到,化合物7、8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2、9为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

灰褐纹口蘑发酵液的化学成分研究

目的:研究灰褐纹口蘑发酵液的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、反相RP-18柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱等色谱技术进行分离和纯化,通过质谱、核磁共振波谱等方法对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果:从灰褐纹口蘑发酵液中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别为:2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-6,11-dien-1,10-diol(1)、6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-7-octenoic acid(2)、(3S)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-6,10-dien-1,2,3-triol(3)、4,8-dimethyl-docadiene-4,9-dien-1,8-diol(4)、3,10-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6-dien-11-ol(5)、Cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Leu(6)、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(7)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol(8)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol(9)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(10)、5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde(11)、4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol(12)。结论:其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~5为从该属真菌中首次分离得到,所有化合物均为从该菌中首次分离得到。     

血耳子实体中化学成分研究

综合运用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等现代色谱分离技术对银耳科银耳属真菌血耳Tremella sanguinea子实体中的化学成分进行系统研究。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,并通过与文献对照,鉴定了从血耳子实体的90%乙醇提取物中分离得到的16个化合物,分别鉴定为:(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (1),(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2),酒酵母甾醇(3),ergosta-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol (4),(22E)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol(5),ergosta-7-en-3β-ol(6),4-hydroxy-methylincisterol(7),2-吡咯酮(8),烟酰胺(9),1-(3-indolyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one(10),yangambin(11),亚油酸(12)、(9Z,12Z,15Z)-2,3-二羟丙基十八碳三烯酸酯(13),(9Z,12Z)-2,3-二羟丙基十八碳二烯酸酯(14),crypticin B(15)和3-苯基乳酸(16)。其中化合物1～7为甾体类化合物,化合物8～10为生物碱类化合物,化合物11为木脂素类化合物,化合物12～14为脂肪酸类化合物,化合物15和16为酚酸类化合物,所有化合物均为首次从血耳中分离得到,除化合物6,9和12以外,其他化合物均为首次从银耳属真菌中分离得到。     

没药中倍半萜类化学成分研究

目的研究没药属没药Commiphora myrrha的倍半萜类化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS等多种柱色谱,结合制备液相等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据对化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果从没药二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到10个倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为11-methoxyl-guaia-6,10-dien-4α-ol(1)、(1R,4S,5R,10R)-isodauc-6-en-10,14-diol(2)、 10α-hydroxy-isodauc-6-en-14-al(3)、 guaia-6,10-dien-4α,11-diol(4)、 orientalolB(5)、(1S,4R,5R,10S)-isodauc-6-en-10,14-diol (6)、(1S,4S,5R,10S)-isodauc-6-en-10,14-diol (7)、alismanoid C (8)、guaiandiol (9)、canangaterpene Ⅵ (10)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为没药醇A。化合物2～10均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

绿玉树化学成分的研究

目的:研究大戟属植物绿玉树Euphorbia tirucalli L.的化学成分。方法:采用正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱等方法对绿玉树乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行分离和纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从绿玉树氯仿部位中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为23(E)-环阿尔廷-23-稀-3β,25-二醇(23(E)-cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol)(1),22(E)-环阿尔廷-22-稀-3β,25-二醇(22(E)-cycloart-22-ene-3β,25-diol)(2),柚皮素(naringenin)(3),stigmast-5-ene-3β,7α-diol(4),没食子酸(gallic acid)(5),槲皮素(quercetin)(6),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(7)。结论:化合物2-5为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

苦瓜叶的化学成分研究

目的研究苦瓜Momordica charantia叶的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从苦瓜叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为(19S,23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol(1)、(19R,23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol(2)、3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al(3)、3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、苦瓜素Ⅰ(5)、苦瓜素Ⅳ(6)、大豆脑苷Ⅰ(7)、α-菠甾醇(8)、α-香树素乙酸酯(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)和胡萝卜苷(11)。结论化合物1、3、8～11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

山蜡梅叶化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的:研究山蜡梅叶的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、MCI柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:从山蜡梅叶中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:(S)-3-羟基-β-紫罗兰酮(1)、CPC-2(2)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(3)、山柰酚(4)、(E)-2,7-dimethyloct-4-enedioic acid(5)、1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene(6)、东莨菪内酯(7)、(4S)-4-hydroxyl-1,10-seco-muurol-5-ene-1,10-dione(8)、对羟基苯甲酸(9)。结论:其中,化合物1、2、5、6、8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1、5、6为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

烟叶中1个新的开环西松烷二萜类化合物

目的研究烟草Nicotiana tabacum叶中的西松烷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据对化合物的结构进行鉴定。结果从烟叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到5个西松烷二萜类成分,分别鉴定为(1S,2E,4R,6R,7E)-4,6,11-trihydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8-dimethylpentadeca-2,7-dien-12-one(1)、(1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembradiene-4,6-diol(2)、(1S,2E,4S,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembradiene-4,6-diol(3)、(1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11S)-2,7,12(20)-cembratriene-4,6,11-triol(4)、(1S,2E,4S,6R,7E,11S)-2,7,12(20)-cembratriene-4,6,11-triol(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为烟叶二萜A。     

山胡椒抗肿瘤转移化学成分研究

目的:研究山胡椒Lindera glauca中的化学成分及其抗肿瘤转移活性.方法:综合运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、HPLC制备色谱等多种色谱法分离纯化山胡椒中的化学成分;采用NMR等波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构,进一步以Tran-swell趋化实验方法测定化合物抗肿瘤转移作用.结果:从山胡椒乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别为樟苍碱(1),N-甲基樟苍碱(2),瑞枯灵(3),紫堇碱(4),N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺(5),N-顺式阿魏酸酪酰胺(6),芒籽香碱(7),降异紫堇定碱(8),[9,9,9-2H3]-(1S*,3S*,4S*,8S*)-p-Menthane-3,8-diol(9),[9,9,9-2H3]-(1S*,3R*,4S*,8S*)-p-Menthane-3,8-diol(10).抗肿瘤转移实验结果表明化合物1,2,4,5,7和9均有明确的抗肿瘤转移作用,其中化合物1,4和5的抗肿瘤转移活性较强.结论:化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物9,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物1,4和5的抗肿瘤转移活性较强.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。