人参属植物高温蒸制前后人参皂苷含量的变化和细胞毒活性研究

目的研究人参属植物人参Panax ginseng、三七P. notoginseng和西洋参P. quinquefolium高温蒸制前后主要人参皂苷的含量变化,并测定高温蒸制前后样品对4株肿瘤癌细胞的细胞毒活性。方法采用HPLC建立了测定22种皂苷含量的分析方法,测定这些皂苷在人参属植物及其高温蒸制品中的含量。用MTT法测定人参属植物及其高温蒸制品对4株人类癌细胞(人类骨髓癌HL-60细胞、肝癌SMMC-7721细胞、肺癌A-549细胞、乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞)的细胞毒活性。结果从人参、三七和西洋参及高温蒸制后的样品中鉴定出22个皂苷,包括人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5、Rb3、Rh3、Rk2,20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1、三七皂苷Fc、三七皂苷R1、绞股蓝皂苷IX、20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1、20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷Rs3、人参皂苷Rh2。人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2和Rd为人参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd为西洋参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rd和三七皂苷R1为三七的主要成分,高温蒸制后这3种植物的主要成分全部转化为人参皂苷Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5和20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3,在高温蒸制后的三七中还检测到20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1和20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1。三七皂苷Fc、人参皂苷Rb3和绞股蓝皂苷IX为三七茎叶的主要成分,高温蒸制后转化为另外8个主要成分20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、Rs3、Rk1、Rg5,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3和Rk2。细胞毒活性结果显示,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比高温蒸制人参和高温蒸制西洋参强,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比三七的活性强,说明高温蒸制后三七的细胞毒活性增强。结论人参、西洋参和三七经过高温蒸制后原来的主要成分基本消失,随之转化为其他主要成分,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性最强。     

HPLC法同时测定生三七和蒸制三七中10种皂苷类成分的含量

目的:建立生三七和蒸制三七中三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20(S)-Rg3、20(R)-Rg310种皂苷类成分的HPLC测定方法。方法:采用Vision HT C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm,流速1.2 m L/min,柱温20℃。结果:三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20(S)-Rg3、20(R)-Rg3的线性关系良好(r0.9995);10种皂苷类成分的平均加样回收率为95.93%~102.54%。结论:该方法准确,重现性好,可用于生三七和蒸制三七中皂苷类成分的含量测定和质量控制,为三七"生打熟补"与物质变化之间的相关性研究提供了依据。     

HPLC法同时测定生三七和蒸制三七中10种皂苷类成分的含量北大核心CSCD

目的：建立生三七和蒸制三七中三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20（S）-Rg3、20（R）-Rg310种皂苷类成分的HPLC测定方法。方法：采用Vision HT C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱;乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm,流速1.2 m L/min,柱温20℃。结果：三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rh1、Rb1、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、20（S）-Rg3、20（R）-Rg3的线性关系良好（r〉0.9995）;10种皂苷类成分的平均加样回收率为95.93%～102.54%。结论：该方法准确,重现性好,可用于生三七和蒸制三七中皂苷类成分的含量测定和质量控制,为三七“生打熟补”与物质变化之间的相关性研究提供了依据。     

中国红参化学成分的研究

目的:研究五加科人参属常用中药红参的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、反相柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从红参中分离并鉴定了14个化合物,结构分别为:三七皂苷R2(1),20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3(2),20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3(3),20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2(4),20(R)-人参皂苷Rg2(5),20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(6),20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1(7),人参皂苷Rh4(g),-R.(9),-Rb1(10),-Rg1(11),-Re(12),-Rf(13),麦芽酚(14).结论:化合物1,4,6为首次从红参中分到的人参皂苷类成分.化合物2与3,4与5,6与7分别为3对对映异构体,其中对映异构体6与7为首次分离得到的单体.     

中国红参化学成分研究

采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶等柱色谱以及反相高效液相色谱等方法系统性分离、纯化中国红参的化学成分,根据MS、NMR等谱学数据鉴定其结构。从中国红参的水煎液中分离得到52个三萜皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(1),20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1(2),人参皂苷Rg6(3),20(22)E-人参皂苷F4(4),人参皂苷Rk3(5),20(22)E-人参皂苷Rh4(6),人参皂苷Rg1(7),20(S)-人参皂苷Rf-1a(8),20(S)-人参皂苷Rf(9),20(R)-人参皂苷Rf(10),20(S)-三七皂苷R2(11),20(R)-三七皂苷R2(12),20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2(13),20(R)-人参皂苷Rg2(14),人参皂苷Rs2(15),人参皂苷Rs1(16),人参皂苷Rd(17),三七皂苷R1(18),人参皂苷Re2(19),人参皂苷Re(20),20-葡萄糖基人参皂苷Rf(21),西洋参皂苷R1(22),人参皂苷Ro-甲酯(23),人参皂苷Ro(24),人参皂苷Rb1(25),人参皂苷Rc(26),人参皂苷Rb2(27),人参皂苷Ra2(28),人参皂苷Ra3(29),人参皂苷Rb3(30),20(22)Z-人参皂苷Rh4(31),竹节参苷IVa丁酯(32),20(22)Z-人参皂苷Rs4(33),人参皂苷Rs5(34),20(22)E-人参皂苷Rs4(35),姜状三七苷R1-6'-丁酯(36),竹节参苷IVa甲酯(37),20(S)-人参皂苷Rs3(38),20(R)-人参皂苷Rs3(39),姜状三七苷R1-6'-甲酯(40),人参皂苷Rz1(41),人参皂苷Rk1(42),人参皂苷Rg5(43),23-O-甲基人参皂苷Rg11(44),12β,25-二羟基达玛-20(22)E-烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(45),20(22)Z-人参皂苷F4(46),3β,12β-二羟基达玛-20(22)E,24-二烯-6-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(47),20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3(48),20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3(49),20(22)E-人参皂苷Rg9(50),人参皂苷Ro-6'-丁酯(51),聚乙炔基人参皂苷Ro(52)。化合物8,12,31~33,36,37,44,45,47,51为首次从人参中分离得到;化合物19,23,46为首次从红参中分离得到。     

三七根茎中的1个新达玛烷型三萜皂苷

目的研究三七Panaxnotoginseng中的微量皂苷成分,为三七化学成分的系统研究、质量控制及安全性评价提供基础。方法综合利用MCI和ODS柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化,通过谱学数据分析以及与文献比对进行化合物结构鉴定。结果从三七根茎中共分离得到12个单体化合物,分别鉴定为三七皂苷P1(1)、三七皂苷T5(2)、人参皂苷Rk3(3)、人参皂苷Rh4(4)、三七皂苷T3(5)、20(S)-原人参三醇(6)、达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(7)、人参皂苷Rg3(8)、七叶胆皂苷XIII(9)、人参皂苷Rk1(10)、人参皂苷Rg5(11)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2(12)。结论化合物1为1个新的达玛烷型三萜皂苷。     

不同蒸制法对三七主根中皂苷的影响

目的研究不同蒸制法对三七主根中皂苷的影响。方法采用比色法测定主根中总皂苷的量,采用HPLC法测定主根中单体皂苷的量。结果蒸制后主根中总皂苷及单体皂苷三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rd的量均有不同程度的降低,而人参皂苷Rh1、Rh4、Rk3和20(S)-、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3这5种单体皂苷的量均有不同程度的增加。结论不同蒸制法对三七中皂苷成分的影响不同,总皂苷和5种主要皂苷成分的量下降程度和新产生成分的量增加程度与蒸制时间和温度相关。该方法可用于三七炮制品中皂苷类成分的定量测定和质量控制,为三七"生打熟补"与物质变化之间的相关性研究提供依据,同时为研究稀有皂苷的积累规律提供了一定的理论基础。     

三七叶皂苷成分及其单体提取分离研究进展

目前从三七叶中分离鉴定出26种活性皂苷单体,分别为人参皂苷:Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rg1、Rg3、Re、Rc、Rd、Rh1、Rh2、F1、F2、C-K、Mc、20(R)-Rg3、20(R)-Rh2、C-Y、C-Mx、25-OCH3-PPD;三七皂苷:R1、Fa、Fc、Fe;七叶胆苷:、Ⅸ、ⅩⅦ.三七叶皂苷与地下部分皂苷显著不同,富含地下部分稀少的人参皂苷Rc、Rb2、Rb3,以Rb1、Rb3为主.三七叶总皂苷(LPNS)常用的提取方法有溶剂提取法、大孔吸附树脂法、水解提取法等;其单体分离方法有硅胶柱色谱法、薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、胶束电动色谱法、超高效液相色谱法等.本文对三七叶植物来源、三七叶皂苷种类、提取及单体分离纯化方法做了综述,为三七叶的进一步研究提供参考.     

利用高效液相色谱法对蒸制三七粉中多个皂苷类成分的测定

目的：探讨利用高效液相色谱法对蒸制三七粉中皂苷类成分的测定。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立同时分析16个三七皂苷对照品Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb3、Rd、Rg3、Rh1、Rg6、F4、Rh4、Rk3、Rk1、Rg5等的方法,并对蒸制三七粉样品进行成分测定。结果：通过对蒸制三七粉样品HPLC图与混合样品的HPLC图各峰保留时间进行对比,发现样品中含有未炮制三七不含的Rg3、Rh1、Rg6、F4、Rh4、Rk3、Rk1、Rg5皂苷类成分。结论：利用高效液相色谱法对蒸制三七粉成分进行分析确证其中含有提升免疫的成分,符合三七“生消熟补”的理论,对下一步该饮片指纹图谱研究奠定了基础。     

药对研究——三七、白及药对配伍前后对三七皂苷成分含量的影响

该文以三七、白及药对为研究对象,采用HPLC测定三七单煎液及不同配伍比例(1∶0.5,1∶1,1∶2)三七与白及合煎液中具有脂肪酶抑制作用的活性成分——(20S)-人参皂苷Rg3和人参皂苷Rh4的含量,并探讨两药配伍后对三七皂苷成分含量的影响。色谱方法为Lichrospher C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱;检测波长为203 nm;柱温为30℃;流速为1 m L·min-1。结果发现,与三七单煎液相比,三七、白及合煎液中人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷Rh4的含量均呈上升趋势,且上升幅度与配伍白及量呈正比;合煎液中人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的色谱峰均较三七单煎液的明显降低。研究结果表明三七与白及配伍后,合煎液中(20S)-人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷Rh4的含量较单煎液显著增加,推测白及中的有关成分可促进其它人参皂苷进行转化,该结果为拓展制备(20S)-人参皂Rg3、人参皂苷Rh4的方法提供参考。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.