白花蛇舌草黄酮类成分大鼠在体肠吸收研究

目的考察白花蛇舌草醇提物中5种黄酮类成分在大鼠肠道的吸收特性。方法采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,运用HPLC-DAD法测定肠灌流液中芦丁、异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、槲皮素和山柰酚,计算各黄酮类成分在大鼠小肠的吸收参数。结果白花蛇舌草黄酮类成分在大鼠肠道的有效渗透系数(Peff)均较小;白花蛇舌草总黄酮质量浓度为0.5~4.0 g/L时,吸收速率常数(Ka)、Peff值差异无显著性;在2.0 g/L下,芦丁、异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、槲皮素和山柰酚的Ka分别为0.011 3、0.015 4、0.010 2、0.030 5、0.027 5 min-1;芦丁和异槲皮苷在不同肠段的Ka顺序分别为回肠十二指肠空肠≈结肠,空肠十二指肠回肠≈结肠。结论白花蛇舌草中5种黄酮类成分吸收均呈一级动力学过程,提示为被动扩散吸收;各黄酮成分之间的吸收有差异性,黄酮苷类成分的Ka值小于黄酮苷元;各黄酮成分在不同肠段均有吸收,芦丁和异槲皮苷的最佳吸收部位分别为回肠和空肠。     

外翻肠囊法研究肝豆汤醇提物主要成分的肠吸收特征

为了探究复方肝豆汤醇提物中主要化学成分的肠吸收特性,该文采用大鼠外翻肠囊模型,选择肝豆汤醇提物中盐酸小檗碱、槲皮素、山柰素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素6种主要成分作为考察对象,评价各成分在不同肠段的吸收特征。结果表明,肝豆汤醇提物中6种成分均可进入肠囊,在高、中、低3种不同质量浓度的肝豆汤醇提物中,盐酸小檗碱、槲皮素、山柰素3种成分在不同肠段的吸收均为线性吸收,符合零级吸收速率,且在空肠与回肠中吸收速率常数K_a随着剂量增加均增加(P0.05),符合被动吸收;而大黄酸在空肠和回肠中的K_a随着剂量增加并无显著性差异,符合主动转运。大黄酚和芦荟大黄素2种成分在肠段中吸收均较差。提示肠囊对肝豆汤醇提物中药物成分吸收具有选择性,各成分在肠囊中的吸收特征并不完全相同。     

玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸在大鼠小肠的吸收特性和机制研究

目的 考察玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸在大鼠小肠的吸收特性和促吸收效果,探讨玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸的吸收部位及吸收机制.方法 采用大鼠离体外翻肠囊模型,以柚皮苷和新橙皮苷作为玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸的特征成分,高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术检测在相同给药质量浓度下大鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠及不同给药质量浓度下空肠肠囊内的药物浓度;并比较相同质量浓度玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸与玳玳黄酮有效部位提取物的吸收效果.结果 玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷在不同肠段中90 min的累积吸收量按十二指肠、空肠、回肠依次下降,但吸收差异很小,即十二指肠至回肠均是玳玳黄酮的有效吸收部位.玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸质量浓度分别为3.6、7.2、12.0 mg/mL时,在空肠段的吸收随时间的增加而增加,表现出一级吸收动力学过程;柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的吸收速率常数(Ka)均随药液质量浓度的增加而增加(P＜0.05),表明其为被动吸收;在相同给药剂量下,柚皮苷和新橙皮苷在大鼠空肠90 min的累积吸收量是玳玳黄酮有效部位提取物的1.3倍.结论 大鼠小肠上中段是玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸的最佳吸收部位;其吸收呈一级动力学过程,吸收机制可能为被动扩散;与玳玳黄酮有效部位提取物比较,玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸可显著改善柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的肠吸收.     

秦皮甲素大鼠肠吸收动力学

目的:探讨秦皮甲素在大鼠各肠段的吸收动力学特征。方法:以大鼠在体肠灌流模型从吸收部位、药物浓度考察秦皮甲素的肠吸收动力学情况。结果:秦皮甲素在大鼠各肠段吸收有差异,十二指肠、空肠、回肠中的Ka依次为0.185 0,0.186 5,0.065 7 min-1。结论:秦皮甲素在小肠吸收迅速完全,其吸收呈一级吸收动力学特征且吸收机制为被动转运,适于制成缓释给药系统。     

贯叶金丝桃黄酮类成分大鼠在体肠吸收研究

目的:考察贯叶金丝桃2个黄酮类成分在大鼠肠道的吸收特性。方法:采用大鼠在体单向肠灌注模型,测定肠灌流液中芦丁和金丝桃苷含量,计算2个黄酮类成分大鼠小肠的吸收参数。结果:贯叶金丝桃2个黄酮类成分在大鼠肠道的有效渗透系数Peff值均较小;贯叶金丝桃总黄酮Ka、Peff值无显著差异(P0.05);芦丁和金丝桃苷在不同肠段的Ka顺序分别为回肠十二指肠空肠≈结肠,十二指肠空肠回肠≈结肠。结论:贯叶金丝桃中2个黄酮类成分为被动扩散吸收,各黄酮类成分的吸收各有不同,芦丁和金丝桃苷的最佳吸收部位分别为回肠和十二指肠。     

黄连提取物在大鼠肠外翻实验中的吸收研究

目的:用肠外翻模型研究黄连提取物不同剂量在大鼠不同肠段的体外肠吸收特征。方法:采用大鼠肠外翻模型,以小檗碱(berberine,BER)和巴马汀(palmatine,PAL)为黄连提取物中代表成分,用HPLC对其进行检测,计算BER和PAL的吸收参数来分析其在肠道的吸收特征。结果:不同剂量时黄连提取物中BER和PAL在各肠段均为线性吸收,R²均大于0.9,符合零级吸收速率;BER和PAL的吸收速率常数(K_a)均随黄连提取物给药剂量的增加而增加(P<0.05),表明其为被动吸收。肠道不同部位的吸收实验表明,空肠对BER和PAL吸收有较为明显的优势,其次为回肠和结肠。结论:不同剂量黄连提取物中的BER和PAL在肠道不同部位吸收均符合零级吸收速率,其吸收形式可能为被动吸收。     

大鼠在体单向肠灌流法进行丹参素、丹酚酸B的肠吸收研究

目的:考察丹参水溶性成分-丹参素和丹酚酸B的肠吸收特性。方法:采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流法,测定不同质量浓度丹参素和丹酚酸B在不同肠段、不同浓度的吸收分数(Fa,%)和表观渗透系数(Papp)。结果:丹参素和丹酚酸B在各肠段的吸收均比较差,十二指肠和空肠吸收较回肠和结肠略好,质量浓度、肠段对Fa和Papp无明显影响。结论:丹参素和丹酚酸B在全肠道以被动扩散方式吸收,且吸收比较差,无特定吸收部位,不受药物浓度的影响。     

白术内酯I大鼠在体肠吸收动力学研究

目的:研究白术内酯I在大鼠各肠段的吸收动力学特征.方法:采用大鼠在体肠循环模型和高效液相色谱法研究白术内酯I在大鼠各肠段的吸收特性.结果:白术内酯I在大鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠的吸收速度常数没有显著性差异,加入P-糖蛋白抑制剂维拉帕米和地高辛后,都能显著提高白术内酯I的吸收速度常数.结论:白术内酯I属于高渗透性药物,其在大鼠小肠的转运机制为被动扩散,无特殊的吸收窗,P-糖蛋白介导了白术内酯I的小肠吸收.     

单向灌流法研究巴戟天低聚糖的大鼠肠吸收特性

采用大鼠在体肠单向灌流实验模型,利用HPLC-ELSD测定肠灌流液中蔗糖、蔗果三糖、耐斯糖、1F-果呋喃糖基耐斯糖和巴戟甲素等5种低聚糖的含量,研究各低聚糖在小肠段(十二指肠、空肠、回肠)和结肠的吸收情况,并考察药物浓度、灌流液pH以及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制剂对药物吸收的影响,得出各低聚糖成分在大鼠体内的肠吸收机制。结果显示5种低聚糖均为全肠道吸收的药物,吸收速率与灌流液pH、药物浓度和肠段部位有关。盐酸维拉帕米可显著增加蔗糖与巴戟甲素的吸收量,提示蔗糖与巴戟甲素是P-gp的底物。5种低聚糖在大鼠肠道内的吸收机制以被动扩散方式为主,不存在饱和吸收,其在全肠段的吸收均较好,吸收部位主要在十二指肠和空肠。     

外翻肠囊法研究橙皮苷肠吸收动力学

目的:研究橙皮苷在大鼠小肠的吸收动力学特征.方法:采用外翻肠囊法进行离体肠吸收实验,高效液相色谱法测定橙皮苷的含量,研究橙皮苷在大鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠的吸收状况,并考察不同质量浓度对小肠吸收的影响.结果:橙皮苷在空肠的吸收百分率明显高于其他肠段;橙皮苷在不同质量浓度下,未发现饱和现象,其吸收百分率几乎保持不变,吸收量在一定浓度范围内随药物浓度的增加而增加.结论:橙皮苷在大鼠整个肠道中均有吸收;主要吸收部位在空肠,其吸收机制为被动扩散.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。