冬凌草超临界二氧化碳萃取物体外抑菌作用研究

目的 考察冬凌草对细菌生长的抑制作用,并比较超临界提取产物与乙醇回流提取物的抑制效果.方法 超临界二氧化碳萃取冬凌草,管碟法证明萃取产物的抑菌能力,并用二倍稀释法测定敏感菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 冬凌草提取物在金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、产气杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌生长平板上有很明显的抑菌圈,超临界提取物的最小抑菌浓度为(mg/ml)金黄色葡萄球菌0.031 75,藤黄八叠球菌0.015 875,枯草芽孢杆菌0.031 75,大肠杆菌0.125,产气杆菌0.125,绿脓杆菌0.062 5,变形杆菌0.062 5.结论 冬凌草提取物对大多数的细菌生长有抑制作用,而且超临界提取物抑制效果明显优于乙醇回流提取物.     

绞股蓝的体外抗菌活性试验

绞股蓝的体外抗菌活性研究表明：绞股蓝对大部分受试细菌有一定的抑菌作用,对金黄色２球菌,藤黄八叠球菌有一定杀菌作用。测出绞股蓝对金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄八叠球菌的最低抑菌浓度,最低杀菌浓度和抗菌效价。表明绞股蓝具一定的广谱抗菌活性。     

复方芸香片的体外抑菌作用实验研究

目的：实验研究复方芸香片的体外抑菌作用。方法：采用抑菌实验,观察复方芸香片及其组成的水提物、醇提物对所选用的8种细菌的最低抑菌浓度和相对抑菌浓度作用程度。结果：醇提的复方芸香片对化脓性链球菌、藤黄入叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、B群链球菌、肺炎链球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌,均有同等的较弱的抑菌作用。复方芸香药材醇提物对上述细菌的抑菌作用大为增强,其中最强的是前两种,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌和B群链球菌。芸香醇提物对前4种菌的抑菌作用也较强。H对上述细菌也有一定抑制作用。结论：复方芸香片对一般细菌有抑菌作用。     

蒌叶提取物的抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

目的:观察蒌叶各部分提取物的抗氧化及抗菌实验效果.方法:采用滤纸片法对6种常见细菌的生长抑制活性进行测定,用DPPH法及连苯三酚红褪色法进行抗氧化研究.结果:蒌叶提取物对藤黄球菌、大肠杆菌、普通变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、佛氏痢疾杆菌均有抑杀作用;蒌叶提取物均具有抗氧化作用.结论:蒌叶果实部分乙醇提取物具有更强的抗菌作用;萎叶叶子部分乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性.     

黑骨藤石油醚提取物成分及抑菌活性研究

目的 提取黑骨藤非极性成分,测定其主要成分及含量并研究其抑菌作用,为黑骨藤的进一步开发利用提供依据.方法 以石油醚提取黑骨藤非极性成分,利用GC-MS联用技术并结合标准谱库检索,得出黑骨藤非极性的主要成分及含量,以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、粪肠球菌、绿脓杆菌、藤黄微球菌、青霉、白色念株菌和黄曲霉为供试菌研究非极性成分对于上述微生物的最低抑菌浓度和抑菌圈大小.结果 共分离了39种成分和鉴定了其中28个成分,占非极性成分的71.8％.结论 用石油醚提取黑骨藤全株非极性成分,利用GC-MS联用技术并结合标准谱库的检索,从得到的39个化合物中鉴定了28种成分,检出成分占非极性成分的71.8％.其中棕榈酸含量最高,占非极性成分总量的22.94％.黑骨藤非极性成分对受试菌种中大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、藤黄微球菌、粪肠球菌、黄曲霉、白色念珠球菌有明显的抑菌作用,对枯草杆菌、青霉效果不明显.     

葡萄干的体外抑菌实验研究

目的:探讨葡萄干的体外抑菌作用。方法:采用圆纸片扩散实验来检测葡萄干对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌效果。结果:葡萄干对绿脓杆菌有较强的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌作用次之。结论:葡萄干对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型溶血性链球菌均有一定的抑制作用。     

金莲花药渣发酵提取物体外抗菌的研究

目的观察金莲花药渣发酵提取物(EGRF)体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌抑菌及杀菌作用。方法用试管法和平皿法测定EGRF对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果 EGRF对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC分别为0.04 mg/ml和1.25 mg/ml,EGRF对大肠杆菌MIC和MBC分别为0.16 mg/ml和1.25 mg/ml,EGRF对绿脓杆菌无抑菌及杀菌作用。头孢呋辛对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的MIC分别为0.02,0.08,0.16 mg/ml;头孢呋辛对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的MBC分别为0.63,1.25,1.25mg/ml。结论 EGRF体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌有明显的抑菌及杀菌作用,对绿脓杆菌抑菌及杀菌作用较弱。     

鼻渊舒口服液体外抑菌作用的研究

目的：探讨鼻渊舒口服液的体外抑茵作用。方法：用打孔法和试管连续稀释法观察鼻渊舒口服液对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、大肠杆菌、卡他球菌、类白喉杆菌的抑茵作用。结果：鼻渊舒口服液对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、卡他球菌、类白喉杆菌均有明显的抑制作用。结论：鼻渊舒口服液在体外有明显的抑茵作用。     

前列清颗粒的体内、体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：评价前列清颗粒的体内、体外抑菌作用。方法：分别采用平板打孔法和试管稀释法观察前列清颗粒的体外抑菌作用,采用小鼠腹腔内注射的方法观察前列清颗粒的体内抑菌作用。结果：前列清颗粒体外可直接对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、粪肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、白色念珠菌有一定的抑制作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌抑菌作用强,属高度敏感;对绿脓杆菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌作用次之,属中度敏感;对变形杆菌不敏感。体内试验表明前列清颗粒能保护金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌感染的小鼠,提高动物存活率。结论：前列清颗粒具有良好的抑菌作用。     

民族药响铃草的体外抑菌活性研究

目的探讨响铃草的体外抑菌作用。方法采用打孔琼脂扩散法和稀释法对响铃草不同溶剂提取物进行抑菌实验研究。结果响铃草的不同溶剂提取物对供试细菌和真菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌、绿脓杆菌以及黄霉菌）均有一定程度的抑制作用。结论响铃草提取物有明显的体外抑菌作用。     

In vitro antifungal activity of Schizozygia coffaeoides bail. (Apocynaceae) extracts

Leaf extracts of Schizozygia coffaeoides were investigated for antifungal activity using the disc diffusion assay technique. Petroleum ether 40-60 degrees C, dichloromethane-ethyl acetate (1:1) and methanol extracts were fungitoxic to Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans. The extracts were fungistatic in action.     

植物源抑真菌剂在中药材养护中的应用前景及展望

中药材在生长、收获、运输、加工、储藏的过程中,易受到各种真菌的浸染而产生真菌毒素,这不仅影响中药材及其加工品的质量安全,而且严重威胁人类的身体健康和生命安全。在中药材养护中,化学养护法是利用化学合成抑菌剂熏蒸药材以达到抑制真菌生长及真菌毒素积累的目的,但由于易造成残留、降解周期长、污染环境等缺点,不利于长期大剂量使用。因此,研发有效的、安全无毒的、纯天然的、对环境友好的植物源抑真菌剂替代化学药剂,对中药材的"绿色"科学养护具有非常重要的意义。该文对真菌毒素及其危害、植物中有效抑菌成分和抑菌机制进行了综述,以期为研发植物源抑真菌剂提供科学参考,并对植物源抑真菌剂在中药材科学养护中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Antifungal activity of alkanols against Zygosaccharomyces bailii and their effects on fungal plasma membrane

A series of aliphatic primary alkanols from C(6) to C(13) were tested for antifungal activity against a food spoilage fungus Zygosaccharomyces bailii using a broth dilution method and were compared for their effects against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. Decanol (C(10)) was found to be the most potent fungicide against Z. bailii at a minimum fungicidal concentration of 50 microg/ml (0.31 mM), whereas undecanol (C(11)) was found to be the most potent fungistatic at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 microg/ml (0.14 mM). The time-kill curve study showed that decanol was fungicidal against Z. bailii at any growth stage. Octanol (C(8)) increased plasma membrane fluidity in the spheroplast cells of S. cerevisiae. The primary antifungal action of alkanols comes from their ability to disrupt the native membrane-associated function of integral proteins nonspecifically as nonionic surface-active agents (surfactants). The antifungal activity of decanol against Z. bailii was slightly enhanced in combination with anethole.     

Evaluation of piper cubeba extract, (-)-cubebin and its semi-synthetic derivatives against oral pathogens

The activities of the crude ethanol extract from Piper cubeba seeds, (-)-cubebin and its semi-synthetic derivatives were evaluated against oral pathogens. The crude ethanol extract was more active against Streptococcus salivarius (MIC value of 80 microg/mL). (-)-Cubebin displayed MIC values ranging from 0.20 mm for Streptococcus mitis to 0.35 mm for Enterococcus faecalis. The natural product (-)-cubebin and its semi-synthetic derivative (-)-hinokinin displayed bacteriostatic activity at all evaluated concentrations, as well as fungicidal activity against Candida albicans at 0.28 mm. The O-benzyl cubebin derivative showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against C. albicans at 0.28 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively. Also, the other dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives [(-)-6,6'-dinitrohinokinin and (-)-O-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-cubebin] displayed bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects at the evaluated concentrations. Moreover, the semi-synthetic derivative (-)-6,6'-dinitrohinokinin was the most active compound against all the evaluated microorganisms. Therefore, it may be suggested that the presence of the carbonyl group at C-9 plus the introduction of polar groups in the aromatic rings improve the antimicrobial activity of dibenzylbutyrolactone compounds.     

Biotransformation of bioactive isocaryolanes by Botrytis cinerea

The metabolism of the fungistatic agent (8R,9R)-8-methoxyisocaryolan-9-ol (4) by the fungus Botrytis cinerea has been investigated. Biotransformation of compound 4 yielded compounds 5 and 6-9. No dihydrobotrydial is observed after 4 days of incubation of compound 4. Separate biotransformation of (8R,9R)-isocaryolane-8,9-diol (5) yielded compounds 7-11. The evaluation of the fungistatic activity against B. cinerea of compounds 4, 5, and 6 is reported. (4R,8R,9R)-8-Methoxyisocaryolane-9,15-diol (6), a major metabolite of (8R,9R)-8-methoxyisocaryolan-9-ol (4), shows a much reduced biological activity when compared with the parent compound. Isocaryolane derivatives 6-11 are described for the first time.     

Structure--activity relationships in the fungistatic activity against Botrytis cinerea of clovanes modified on ring C

The preparation of clovanes 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9, which bear different levels of oxidation on ring C, is described for the first time. The biotransformation of compounds 5, 6, and 9 by the fungus Botrytis cinerea is investigated, yielding compounds 10, 11, and 12, which are described for the first time, together with compounds 4-6, 8, and 9. The evaluation of the fungistatic activity against B. cinerea of compounds 6, 9, 12, 18, 19, 20, and 21 is reported. Comparison of these results with previously published data shows first that the inclusion of hydroxyl groups on ring C leads to a decrease in the biological activity and, second, that the presence of a 9alpha-hydroxyl group and an alkyl chain at C-2 plays an important role in the fungistatic activity against B. cinerea of compounds with a clovane skeleton.     

Volatile constituents of Xylopia frutescens,X. pynaertii and X. sericea: Chemical and biological study

The essential oils from three Xylopia species (X. frutescens, X. pynaertii, X. sericea), Annonaceae, have been examined by GC and GC/MS, and screened for bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities. The main components of each oil have been identified. The major constituents of X. frutescens stem bark oil were α-cubebene (25.2%) and δ-cadinol (27.4%). The root of X. pynaertii was rich in elemol (27.1%), while the stem bark oil contained δ-cadinene (10.3%), γ-muurolene (10.1%) and cubenol (12.6%). The major components of X. sericea root bark oil were p-cymene (22.8%) and α-gurjunene (13.8%). These oils exhibited moderate bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities.     

人参根疫病研究初报

研究表明:人参疫病菌主要侵染人参根,引起根疫病,叶片不显症状。室内抑菌试验结果表明,代森锰锌和瑞毒霉在100ppm有效浓度下,可完全抑制疫病菌的菌丝生长。     

Biotransformation of the fungistatic sesquiterpenoid patchoulol by botrytis cinerea

Biotransformation of the fungistatic sesquiterpenoid patchoulol (1) by the fungus Botrytis cinerea affords the 5-, 7- and (8R)-hydroxy (2, 3, and 5) derivatives as the major metabolites, together with a number of minor metabolites (4, 6-9) arising from hydroxylation at C-2, C-3, C-5, C-9, C-13, and C-14.     

Antifungal activity of Heterothalamus alienus metabolites

The chemical study of Heterothalamus alienus gave rutin, spathulenol (1), (1R,7S)-germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1beta-ol (2), sakuranetin (3), padmatin 3-acetate (4), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin-7,3',4'-trimethyl ether (5), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (6), (2R,3R)-3-acetoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), as the main components of an antifungal extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Compound 2 showed moderate activity, with Epidermophyton floccosum being the most susceptible species (MIC = 100 microg/mL); compound 3 showed the best antifungal behavior having a broad spectrum of action and the lowest MICs. This flavanone along with flavanolol 5 showed very good activity against standardized (MIC = 31.2 microg/mL) as well as clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes (MIC ranges 31.2-62.5 microg/mL and 31.2-125 microg/mL, respectively) and demonstrated not only fungistatic but also fungicide properties. Flavanolol 6 was active against all the dermatophytes tested with MICs of 62.5-250 microg/mL. Rutin, spathulenol (1) and the 3-acetylated flavanones 4 and 7 were inactive or marginally active against the fungal panel.