蛹虫草的镇静催眠作用

蛹虫草ｉｇ能明显减少小鼠的自主活动，拮抗戊四氮所致的小鼠惊厥和一定程度协同戊巴比妥钠诱发小鼠睡眠，表明蛹虫草具有镇静催眠作用     

复方蛹虫草制剂抗疲劳作用的实验研究

目的：评价复方蛹虫草制剂对小鼠的抗疲劳作用效果。方法：选用昆明种小鼠随机分为复方蛹虫草制剂高、中、低剂量组和正常对照组,分别给药后观察小鼠负重游泳时间并测定生化指标（血清尿素氮、乳酸、肝糖原）。结果：复方蛹虫草制剂各剂量组小鼠与正常对照组比较,负重游泳时间明显延长,血中尿素氮水平、乳酸含量明显降低,肝糖原含量明显升高,说明生化指标的改变与抗疲劳试验的结果相符。结论：复方蛹虫草制剂具有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

蛹虫草提取物对H22小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的 探讨蛹虫草提取物抗肿瘤作用的特点.方法 采用化学比色法分别测定蛹虫草提取物对H22荷瘤小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),过氧化氢酶(CAT),丙二醛的影响(MDA),对肝脏中SOD,GSH-Px的影响.结果 蛹虫草提取物可使小鼠血清中SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,肝脏中SOD,GSH-Px水平明显升高;使血清中MDA水平降低.结论 蛹虫草提取物通过调整荷瘤动物的抗氧化能力而达到抗肿瘤作用的目的.     

富硒蛹虫草提取物硒蛋白多糖对荷瘤小鼠的影响

目的：提取及分析富硒蛹虫草硒蛋白多糖活性成分，初步探讨富硒蛹虫草硒蛋白多糖的抗肿瘤作用。方法：分别应用Folin-酚试剂法(Lowry法)、苯酚-硫酸法和2，3-二氨基萘荧光分光比色法测定蛋白质、多糖及硒含量，建立荷瘤小鼠模型，分为模型组、环磷酰胺组及虫草高、低剂量组(200,100 mg·kg^-1)，通过对小鼠体重及抑瘤率、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、廓清指数K、吞噬系数α、肝脏系数及脾脏系数、GSH-Px和SOD活力及MDA含量的测定，观察富硒蛹虫草硒蛋白多糖的体内抑瘤作用及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：富硒蛹虫草硒蛋白多糖对荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抑瘤作用，抑瘤率高达46.92%；且提高了荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能，抑制了由环磷酰胺造成的荷瘤小鼠肝脏系数和脾脏系数的下降；增强了机体的抗氧化能力。结论：富硒蛹虫草提取物硒蛋白多糖具有良好的抗肿瘤生长作用。     

复方蛹虫草制剂对慢性疲劳综合症小鼠的治疗作用

目的：通过小鼠腹腔注射poly I：C模拟病毒感染,复制一种免疫诱导的慢性疲劳模型,考察蛹虫草复方制剂（CCM）对慢性疲劳综合症小鼠的治疗作用。方法：观察小鼠游泳能力、自发活动、学习能力、血清皮质酮水平以及免疫力相关指标。结果：力竭游泳实验中蛹虫草复方高剂量组具有明显的抗疲劳作用（P〈0．05）,并且能够显著增加小鼠自发活动和学习能力（P〈0．05）,同时拮抗poly I：C导致的小鼠血清皮质酮水平降低（P〈0．05）;该复方对小鼠胸腺重量增加无明显影响,但抑制脾脏增大;能够降低CIM＋／CD8＋比例并且增强T淋巴细胞增殖能力（P〈0．05）。结论：以上结果表明蛹虫草复方对慢性疲劳综合症有一定的防治作用。     

蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对氢化可的松致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对外源性糖皮质激素氢化可的松致老龄小鼠肝损伤的治疗作用,并对其机制进行探讨.方法 ICR雄性老龄小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组和蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物低、中、高剂量(0.167、0.334、0.668 g/kg)组.除对照组外各组均im氢化可的松(25 mg/kg)造模,实验结束时测定小鼠肝组织丙二醛(MDA)水平及ATP酶(Na~+,K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性;同时通过光镜观察小鼠肝组织结构病理变化.结果 蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物可显著提高模型小鼠肝组织ATP酶、SOD和GSH-Px活性;降低脂质过氧化物MDA水平;减轻氢化可的松引起的肝组织病理损伤.结论 蛹虫草菌丝体醇提物对氢化可的松致小鼠肝脏损伤具有明显的保护作用.     

蛹虫草对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 研究蛹虫草对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.方法 使用浓度为1.5,2.5 g/L的蛹虫草粉溶液分别喂养小鼠,持续6周后,通过跳台实验、避暗实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力.结果 与对照组相比,实验组小鼠的学习、记忆能力增强,尤其是高剂量组的实验效果更明显(P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01).结论蛹虫草可提高小鼠的学习记忆能力.     

复方蛹虫草颗粒对小鼠免疫功能以及脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究复方蛹虫草颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:动物分正常组、盐酸左旋咪唑组、复方蛹虫草颗粒0.355,0.71,2.13,4.26,8.52,12.78 g·kg-1 ig给药组,采用2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)以及碳粒廓清实验,研究复方蛹虫草颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的作用.采用四甲基氮唑盐(MTT)比色法研究复方蛹虫草颗粒含药血清对小鼠正常以及刀豆蛋白A(ConA)、脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响.结果:复方蛹虫草颗粒0.355,2.13 g·kg-1组耳肿胀程度显著高于对照组(P ＜0.01,P＜0.05);复方蛹虫草颗粒0.355,0.71 g·kg-1组能提高小鼠碳吞噬指数(P＜0.05);与空白血清组比较,复方蛹虫草颗粒含药血清显著提高正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖(2.13 g·kg-1组,P＜0.01,4.26,8.52,12.78 g·kg-组,P＜ 0.05);复方蛹虫草颗粒含药血清4.26 g·kg-1组能显著增加ConA刺激的脾淋巴细胞增殖(P＜0.01);复方蛹虫草颗粒含药血清12.78 g·kg-1组能显著增加LPS刺激的脾淋巴细胞增殖(P＜0.05).结论:复方蛹虫草颗粒具有增强免疫功能的作用.     

蛹虫草菌丝体多糖对小鼠乳腺增生模型的影响

目的观察蛹虫草菌丝体多糖对乳腺增生模型小鼠雌激素水平、免疫功能及病理形态改变的影响。方法实验设对照组、模型组、蛹虫草菌丝体多糖组和乳康丸阳性对照组。采用苯甲酸雌二醇联合黄体酮制备小鼠乳腺增生模型。以放射免疫法检测小鼠血清雌二醇水平,计算子宫指数,观察小鼠免疫功能和病理形态。结果与模型组比较,蛹虫草菌丝体多糖能够显著降低乳腺增生小鼠血清雌二醇水平、子宫指数(P<0.05),明显增加单核-巨噬细胞廓清指数、吞噬指数及脾脏指数(P<0.05),乳腺腺泡和导管的增生在一定程度上减少。结论蛹虫草菌丝体多糖能够调节乳腺增生小鼠雌激素分泌,增强机体免疫能力,且有效抑制小鼠乳腺腺泡和导管的扩张及增生。     

人工培养蛹虫草多糖的抗炎及免疫作用研究

目的：研究人工培养蛹虫草多糖（CMPS）的抗炎及免疫作用。方法：检测CMPS对巴豆油所致小鼠耳肿胀、醋酸所致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高的影响；对免疫器官重量、小鼠碳粒廓清功能、SRBC致敏小鼠溶血素生成、DNCB所致迟发型超敏反应等免疫作用的影响。结果：CMPS对小鼠耳肿胀及毛细血管通透性增高均有抑制作用；抑制小鼠溶血素的生成；对免疫器官重量、碳粒廓清功能、DTH等免疫作用无明显影响。结论：CMPS具有抗炎作用，对细胞免疫没有明显的影响。     

富硒蛹虫草对小鼠降血脂和抗氧化作用的影响

目的 探讨富硒蛹虫草的降血脂和抗氧化作用.方法 昆明种雄性小鼠60只,随机分4组(n=15只/组):正常对照组、高脂模型组、普通蛹虫草组、富硒蛹虫草组.用不同的饲料持续喂养5周,每周的固定时间称量小鼠体质量1次,第5周断头取血后解剖小鼠,检测血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果 富硒蛹虫草组与高脂模型组相比,T-CHO和TG的含量降低,HDL-C的含量升高,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05);LDL-C含量降低(P>0.05);GSH-Px和SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05).并且富硒蛹虫草的降血脂与抗氧化作用均高于普通蛹虫草.结论 富硒蛹虫草具有良好的降血脂和抗氧化作用.     

Protective effects on mitochondria and anti-aging activity of polysaccharides from cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link is an entomopathogenic fungus parasitic to Lepidoptera larvae, and is widely used as a folk tonic or invigorant for longevity in China. Although C. militaris has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia, there is still a lack convincing evidence for its anti-aging activities. This study was performed to investigate the effects of polysaccharides from cultivated fruiting bodies of C. militaris (CMP) on mitochondrial injury, antioxidation and anti-aging activity. Fruiting bodies of C. militaris were cultivated artificially under optimized conditions. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), mitochondrial swelling, and activities of scavenging superoxide anions in vitro. D-galactose (100 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously into back of the neck of mice for 7 weeks to induce an aging model. The effects of CMP on the activities of catalase (CAT), surperoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and anti-hydroxyl radicals were assayed in vivo using commercial monitoring kits. The results showed that CMP could inhibit mitochondrial injury and swelling induced by Fe2(+)-L-Cysteine in a concentration- dependent manner and it also had a significant superoxide anion scavenging effect. Moreover, the activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and anti-hydroxyl radicals in mice liver were increased significantly by CMP. These results indicate that CMP protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting mitochondrial swelling, and increasing the activities of antioxidases. Therefore, CMP may have pharmaceutical values for mitochondrial protection and anti-aging. CMP was the major bioactive component in C. militaris.     

复方蛹虫草制剂对C57BL/6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究蛹虫草复方制剂(CCM)对C57BL/6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响.方法:C57 BL/6雄性小鼠腋下皮下注入Lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤动物模型,将荷瘤鼠分为模型组、阳性对照组以环磷酰胺ip 20 mg· kg-,复方蛹虫草制剂低、中、高剂量组(1.2,2.5,7.5)g·kg-1ig给药,连续给药14 d,以抑瘤率为指标考察CCM的体内抗肿瘤活性,分别测定其抑瘤率、T淋巴细胞亚群CD4 +/CD8+;荷瘤小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;抗体生成细胞数以及力竭游泳时间.结果:CCM高剂量组(7.5 g·kg-1对肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05),其抑瘤率为40.3％,CCM高剂量组T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+均高于模型对照组;同时中、高剂量组能显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清TNF-α,IL-2,IL-12的水平;抗体生成细胞数和力竭游泳时间也均高于荷瘤对照组(P＜0.05).结论:CCM具有提高荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用.     

Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris

This study aimed to elucidate pharmacological activities of Cordyceps militaris. The 70% ethanolic extracts of cultured mycelia (CME) and fruiting bodies (FBE) of Cordyceps militaris were prepared. CME was able to directly scavenge the stable free radical diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), indicating its antioxidant activity. Both CME and FBE showed topical anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. CME was found to contain acute anti-inflammatory activity, which was evaluated using the carrageenin-induced edema, and also strong antinociceptive activity in writhing test. CME and FBE contain potent inhibitory activity on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin, a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris, appeared to be at least partly responsible for its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. CME concentration-dependently inhibited the NO production and iNOS expression upon stimulation by lipoposaccharide in RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. In brief, we demontrate that Cordyceps militaris possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activites, and related antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and NO production-inhibitory activities.     

复方蛹虫草制剂对大鼠运动性疲劳和免疫力的影响

目的：评价复方蛹虫草制剂对小鼠的抗疲劳和自身免疫力作用效果。方法：选用昆明种小鼠,按高、中、低3个剂量组和1个对照组随机分组,分别观察小鼠游泳试验结果并测定生化指标（血清尿素氮、肝糖原）和免疫指标（耳肿胀度、碳廓清指数a）。结果：受试物组小鼠与正常对照组各观察指标相比,负重游泳时间延长;血中尿素氮水平降低,肝糖原含量升高,耳肿胀度、碳廓清指数a升高,且高剂量组与对照组之间差异明显（P〈0．01）。结论：复方蛹虫草制剂具有明显的抗疲劳和增强免疫力的作用。     

Effects of Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and their isolated compounds on ion transport in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells

AIM OF THE STUDY: The traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis (CS) (Clavicipitaceae) improves pulmonary function and is used to treat respiratory disease. Here, we compare the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris (CM) (Clavicipitaceae) in Calu-3 human airway epithelial monolayer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The extracts of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris, as well as their isolated compounds, cordycepin and adenosine, stimulated ion transport in a dose-dependent manner in Calu-3 monolayers. In subsequent experiments, transport inhibitor bumetanide and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide were added after Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris extracts to determine their effects on Cl- and HCO3- movement. RESULTS: The results suggested that Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris extracts may affect the anion movement from the basolateral to apical compartments in the airway epithelia. CONCLUSIONS: Basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and apical cAMP-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel are involved in the process. The results provide the first evidence for the pharmacological mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris on respiratory tract.     

Improvement on lipid metabolic disorder by 3'-deoxyadenosine in high-fat-diet-induced fatty mice

This study explores the effects of 3'-deoxyadenosine, a compound from Cordyceps militaris, on lipid metabolic disorder induced by a high-fat-diet in C57BL/6 mice. These mice had an obese body, lipid metabolic disorder and insulin resistance and were treated orally with 100 mg/kg/day 3'-deoxyadenosine (DA), 15 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone and 150 mg/kg/day fenofibrate, respectively. Compared to the model mice, the body weight gain in DA-treated mice were decreased by 66.5%, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were decreased by 20.7% and 16.7%, respectively, and the triglyceride content in the skeletal muscle was reduced by 41.2%. This treatment also had a significant effect on insulin resistance. In DA-treated mice, the serum insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index were decreased by 30% and 46%, respectively, and the areas under the glucose-time curve were depressed by 18% in the insulin tolerance test and by 21.5% in the oral glucose tolerance test. Finally, the value of glucose infusion rates and insulin induced-glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle in the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test were increased by 18% and 41%, respectively, compared to those in the model mice. This data suggests that the effects of DA on lipid metabolic disorder induced by a high-fat-diet may be linked to its improvement on insulin resistance, especially concerning the increase of insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle.     

人工培育北冬虫夏草主要有效成分分布特点的研究

目的:研究人工培育北冬虫夏草主要有效成分的分布特点。方法:以虫草素、腺苷和虫草多糖的含量为主要评价指标,采用HPLC和苯酚-硫酸法,分别研究了这三种活性物质在人工北冬虫夏草子实体上部、中部、下部和培养基中的分布情况。结果:人工北冬虫夏草整个生长过程中,腺苷、虫草素和虫草多糖在培养基中的含量都远远低于其他三个部分。结论:人工北冬虫夏草子实体的活性物质主要分布在子实体中,在培养基中的含量极少。