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人参为五加科多年生草本植物,作为中药和新资源食品应用越来越大众化,在全世界的销售逐渐增长。人参的治疗作用已有广泛的研究,其有效成分人参皂苷具有多样性生物学活性和药理学作用。市场上,有人参根制成的人参标准提取物G115(商品名称为Ginsana),含有4%人参皂苷。在1963年从人参根分离鉴定出人参皂苷前,人参的现代意义上的作用机制不甚清楚,嗣后,人们致力于每个人参皂苷的功能和分子作用机制评价,1975年后人参皂苷的研究报道呈指数增长。本文评述过去几年间人参及其皂苷重要的生物学活性和药理学作用研究,包括安全性评价、对中枢神经和心脑血管系统的影响、免疫调节活性、对内分泌系统和抗应激作用、抗炎作用、肿瘤细胞毒活性和抗癌作用、抗糖尿病和减肥作用、降脂作用、保肝作用、抗骨质疏松作用、抗疲劳作用、抗老化作用,以及其他作用等,以期为明确人参的药效物质基础提供循证医学依据。 相似文献
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人参有效成分抗肿瘤的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人参,是五加科人参属多年生草本植物,在我国的药用历史悠久,是名贵的中药材.现代医学经化学分析,人参包含多种成分,有机酸、维生素、糖类、无机盐、固醇、寡肽、多糖、挥发油类和人参皂苷.研究表明,人参的主要药用活性成分就是人参皂苷和人参多糖,其在癌症的预防和治疗方面具有较强的活性[1、2].下面本文就人参皂苷几种单体和人参多糖在不同肿瘤中抗癌的作用及其机制的基础研究进展作简要介绍. 相似文献
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人参药理作用及临床应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人参具有补五脏,安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸之功,自古就是治病救人之要药。现阶段对人参的研究更是细致入微,研究发现其有效成份对人体各大系统均具有较为深刻之影响,本文就其药理活性及临床作用进行归纳论述,以希有利于临床。 相似文献
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人参炮制过程中化学成分变化及机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人参作为一种临床常用中药,在国内外具有极高的知名度。近年来,有关人参的研究覆盖医学、药学、生物、食品等多个领域,取得了丰硕的成果。人参中主要含有皂苷类、挥发油、糖类、氨基酸、多肽、无机元素等成分,每种成分都具有广泛的生理活性,是人参具有治疗作用的物质基础。人参经过加工炮制后,所含有效成分发生复杂的变化,同时伴有新的物质生成。该文旨在对人参炮制前后的化学成分研究现状进行综述,并以此为例探讨中药炮制研究的思路方法及未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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人参皂苷的提取及总皂苷纯化工艺的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人参皂苷是人参重要的有效成分,研究显示人参皂苷具有广泛的药理作用,并可以作用于机体多个系统。人参皂苷的提取是进行人参皂苷活性研究的重要前提,现有多种提取工艺被应用,虽都能够获得人参皂苷,但也导致了人参皂苷质量标准的不同,这为人参皂苷药理活性的基础研究以及人参皂苷的临床应用设置了障碍。联合优化相关工艺发现高效便捷且质量标准统一的高纯度人参总皂苷提取工艺,能够保证人参皂苷相关研究物质基础的一致性,同时在临床应用相关药物时可以根据最佳工艺的原理改变剂型或改变药物处理方法增加药物疗效,逆向应用则可以补充完善药物质量控制手段。本文就近年来关于人参皂苷分离纯化工艺和方法作一综述,为发展优化人参总皂苷的分离纯化工艺提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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人参是驰名中外的名贵中药材,具有较高的药用和经济价值。人参病害成为人参应用的主要制约因素。现代分子生物学的发展为人参抗病研究提供了新的手段。目前已发现的人参抗菌蛋白有脂质转运蛋白、亲环素、防御素以及PR-4和PR-10等,对人参多种致病菌均有抑制作用,为人参病害防治提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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Jia Wang Shanshan LiYuying Fan Yan ChenDan Liu Hairong ChengXiaoge Gao Yifa Zhou 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is a well-known Chinese herb often used in Asian countries for physical strength development. Ginseng polysaccharides are its active component and have a lot of pharmaceutical activities. However, anti-fatigue activity of ginseng polysaccharides has not yet been tested. The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of ginseng polysaccharides (WGP) in an animal test for fatigue and compare the activities between the neutral (WGPN) and acidic (WGPA) portion in an attempt to determine whether the medicinal uses are supported by pharmacological effects.Materials and methods
WGP, WGPN and WGPA were orally administrated to mice once daily for 15 days. Anti-fatigue activity was assessed using the forced swim test (FST) and serum biochemical parameters were determined by autoanalyzer and commercially available kits.Results
While all compounds were found to reduce immobility in the FST, the effect of WGPA was demonstrated in lower doses compared with WGP and WGPN. Moreover, the FST-induced reduction in glucose (GLU) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increase in creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all indicators of fatigue, were inhibited by the corresponding doses of WGP, WGPN and WGPA.Conclusions
Ginseng polysaccharides have anti-fatigue activity, also reflected in the effects on the physiological markers for fatigue. The acidic polysaccharide is more potent than the neutral polysaccharide. 相似文献20.
Chronic oral administration of ginseng extract results in behavioral change but has no effects in mice models of affective and anxiety disorders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Einat H 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2007,21(1):62-66
Ginseng is a popular 'tonic' herb in Chinese traditional medicine with diverse biological activity. The core of ginseng's therapeutic abilities is thought to be its neuroprotective actions in increasing cellular resilience. These actions coincide with novel theories of affective and anxiety disorders and raise the possibility that ginseng may serve as medication for these common and devastating diseases. The present study was designed to explore the possible effects of chronic ginseng extract, administered in a clinically relevant schedule (similar to antidepressants) in animal models of affective and anxiety disorders. Groups of mice received chronic oral treatment with ginseng extract (500 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) and were tested in a large open eld, in the emergence test for anxiolytic activity, the forced swim test for antidepressant activity and the amphetamine hyperactivity test for mood stabilizing activity. Chronic ginseng had a signicant effect on reducing spontaneous locomotor activity in the open eld test but not on the distribution of activity and had no inssuence on the performance of mice in any of the specic models. Although the extract used in this study contained signicant levels of ginsenosides, detailed analysis of the brain levels of the active ingredients of ginseng may be needed to make a far reaching conclusion. However, the doses and schedule of administration of ginseng used in the present study induced some behavioral changes but did not inssuence affective- and anxiety-like measures. 相似文献