斑点免疫印迹法快速测定水蛭炮制品中水蛭素水解产物含量

目的：测定4批次水蛭炮制品水蛭素水解产物含量，建立斑点免疫印迹法评价相应生药材药效成分明确的中药炮制品质量新方法。方法：以鼠抗水蛭素单抗为一抗，应用斑点免疫印迹法对水蛭炮制品中水蛭素水解产物作定性检测，杂交信号应用Quantity one软件作定量分析。结果：4批次水蛭炮制品所含水蛭素水解产物的质量分数分别为296.51,165.47,95.58,298.05 μg·g^-1。结论：不同批次水蛭炮制品之间水蛭素水解产物含量差异显著，斑点免疫印迹法简便快捷，结果准确，无需大型设备，可用于水蛭与类似中药材炮制品的品质评价。     

地龙的多重位点特异性PCR鉴别

目的:近年来,中药材地龙的商品价格不断上涨,市场的混伪品随之增加。其主要鉴别特征在药材中大部分丢失,难以区分。因此,急需建立一种准确、稳定的中药材地龙基原鉴别方法。方法:根据地龙及其混伪品的COI基因序列差异找到变异位点,从而设计参环毛蚓、通俗环毛蚓、威廉环毛蚓及栉盲环毛蚓的特异性鉴别引物,优化反应体系并进行耐受性和适用性的考察和验证。在此基础上将特异性引物组合,构建多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)体系,从而建立了一种高效准确、操作简便、专属性强、重复性好的中药材地龙及其常见混伪品的多重位点PCR鉴别方法。结果:在该方法下广地龙基原参环毛蚓可得到366 bp片段,沪地龙基原通俗环毛蚓和威廉环毛蚓可得到487 bp片段,栉盲环毛蚓可得到475 bp片段,其他混伪品均无条带。将之组合形成的多重PCR可在一次鉴定操作中根据条带位置同时鉴别沪地龙和广地龙。结论:该文所建立的多重位点特异性PCR鉴别方法可准确鉴别中药材地龙真伪。     

中药地龙的药源调查与商品鉴定

经对我国地龙药材的药源调查与商品鉴定,结果表明,地龙的原动物主要有13种和变种。分别隶属于钜蚓科和正蚓科的3个属。其中90％以上的商品地龙来源于药典收载品种参环毛蚓Pherctimaaspergillum（E．perrier）和威廉环毛蚓P．guillelmi（Michaelsen）、栉盲坏毛蚓P．pectinifera（Michaelsen）及通俗环毛蚓P.vulgaris（Chien）。其它品种如背暗异唇蚓Allolobophoracaliginosatrapezoides（Ant．Duges）、湖北环毛蚓P.hypeiessis（Michaelsen）、秉前环毛蚓P．praepinguis（Gates）等9种蚯蚓仅在少数地区使用。     

地龙（参环毛蚓）配方颗粒的位点特异性PCR鉴别

目的 为保障临床用药的安全性和有效性，建立地龙（参环毛蚓）药材及其加工制品混伪、掺假特异性聚合酶链式反应（PCR）鉴定方法。方法 根据地龙氧化酶亚基1（COⅠ）基因序列筛选出地龙配方颗粒的稳定引物区间，并根据区间内筛选获得地龙的特异性单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点，根据SNP位点设计地龙特异性鉴别引物dlshmy-F及dlshmy-R，分别采集地龙及其混伪品，建立地龙配方颗粒特异性PCR鉴别方法并优化PCR反应体系，对该方法进行耐受性和适用性考察。结果 退火温度为62 ℃，循环次数为36次，地龙及其配方颗粒经PCR反应及凝胶电泳后，可在约170 bp处观察到单一明亮的特异性鉴别条带，其他近源伪品如通俗环毛蚓、保宁腔蚓、栉盲环毛蚓等20种伪品及阴性对照均无条带。结论 该研究建立的特异性PCR鉴别方法可快速准确的鉴别出地龙药材、配方颗粒、冻干粉中的参环毛蚓源性成分，准确鉴定出全国广地龙中药材及饮片以及地龙的基原，也可为其他的中药配方颗粒质量标准研究提供了参考。     

中药地龙中参环毛蚓环介导等温扩增快速检测方法

[目的]建立中药材地龙中参环毛蚓的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测技术,实现对参环毛蚓的快速检测。[方法]采集不同产地地龙,提取总DNA后将所提取的总DNA进行线粒体细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基(COI)基因片段扩增、测序、比对,判断各产地地龙物种。用设计的LAMP引物组进行地龙LAMP实验,反应结束后向扩增产物中加入核酸染料SYBR GreenⅠ,分别在自然光、紫外光下直接通过肉眼来观察颜色变化及利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳来检测其引物的特异性。[结果]利用新设计的LAMP引物对参环毛蚓实现了特异性扩增,且检出限达40 fg/μL,具有极高的灵敏度。[结论]利用LAMP技术可实现参环毛蚓的现场快速检测。     

地龙含杂的一个纠正措施

地龙为钜蚓科动物参环毛蚓、通俗环毛蚓、威廉环毛蚓或栉盲环毛蚓的干燥体。前一种习称“广地龙”,后3种习称“沪地龙”。按《中国药典》1995年版,捕捉后应及时剖开腹部,除去内脏及泥沙,洗净,晒干或低温干燥。由于近年来价格较高,药农在捕到后,为增加经济效益,有意不把部分虫体腹部剖开,除去内脏及泥沙(非药用部分)。最近笔者对我市医院购进的地龙(经笔者鉴定为钜蚓科动物参环毛蚓,即“广地龙”)随意称取10 0 g ,按要求去除内脏....     

地龙治疗心脑血管疾病研究概况

地龙俗称蚯蚓,为钜蚓科动物参环毛蚓,通俗环毛蚓、威廉环毛蚓或栉盲环毛蚓的干燥体.在我国已有数千年的用药历史,早在《诗经》中有了关于蚯蚓的记录,如《礼记.月令》中所述孟夏之月“蚯蚓出”,仲冬之月“蚯蚓结”的观察记载.最早的本草学著作《神农本草经》中记载地龙药性咸、寒,归肝、脾、膀胱经,具有清热定惊、通络、平喘、利尿的功效.用于高热神昏,惊痫抽搐,关节麻痹,肢体麻木,半身不遂,肺热喘咳,水肿尿少等.现代研究发现地龙还有抗血栓、抗肿瘤、调节免疫、降压、抗心律失常、镇痛消炎等作用,其药用价值越来越受到重视,临床应用也日益广泛.     

中药地龙的药源调查与商品鉴定

经对我国地龙药材的药源调查与商品鉴定,结果表明,地龙的原动物主要有１３种和变种。分别隶属于矩蚓蝌的３个属,其中９０％以上的商品地龙来源于药典收载品种参环毛蚓Ｐｈｅｒｅｔｉｍａ ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌａｍ和威廉环毛蚓Ｐ．ｇｕｉｌｌｅｌｍｉ、栉盲环毛ｐｅｃｔｉｎｉｆｅｒａ及通俗环毛．ｖｕｌｇｏｒｉｓ其它品种如背暗异唇Ａｌｌｏｌｂｏｐｈｏｒａ ｃａｌｉｇｉｎｏｓａ ｔｒａｐｒｚｏｉｄｅｓ、湖北环毛蚓Ｐ、ｈｕ     

地龙的药理研究

地龙(又名蚯蚓)为钜蚓科动物参环毛蚓Pheretima aspergillum、通俗环毛蚓Pheretima vulgaris Chen、威廉环毛蚓Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen)或栉肓环毛蚓Pheretima pectinifera Michaelsen及正蚓科动物背暗异唇蚓Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoids(Ant.Duges)等的干燥全体,是重要的动物药材之一,其性咸寒,具有清热定惊、通络平喘、利尿等功效.现代研究表明,地龙有溶栓、抗肿瘤、降压等药理活性,其药用价值备受重视.近年来国内外学者对地龙的临床应用、药理作用,尤其是生物工程技术方面的研究空前热门,而制剂及其质量控制、剂型发展等方面的综合分析较少,故笔者对此作一综述,为地龙制剂的开发和质量控制提供依据.     

地龙的研究概况

地龙为钜蚓科动物参环毛蚓Pheretima aspergillum（E.Perrier）、通俗环毛蚓Pheretima vulgaris Chen、威廉环毛蚓Pheretima guillelmi（Michaelsen）或栉肓环毛蚓Pheretima pec-tinifera Michaelsen的干燥体,前一种习称＂广地龙＂,后三种习称＂泸地龙＂,广地龙春季至秋季捕捉,泸地龙夏季捕捉,及时剖开腹部,除去内脏和泥沙,洗净,晒干或低温干燥;性寒,味辛、苦,清热利湿,祛风止痒;用于小便涩痛,阴痒带下,风疹,湿疹,皮肤瘙痒[1]。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.