基于多指标评价的丹参微波提取与传统提取的工艺对比研究

目的:优选复方丹参片中丹参的微波提取最佳工艺,并与丹参传统提取方法比较。方法:以综合指数为指标,采用单因素和正交实验设计对丹参微波提取的工艺条件进行优化,丹参水提物以丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸的综合指数为考察指标,丹参醇提物以丹参酮IIA、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮的综合指数为考察指标。结果:丹参微波95%醇提最佳工艺:微波功率600 W、提取时间25 min、固液比1:8;丹参微波50%醇提最佳工艺:微波功率600 W、提取时间25 min、固液比1:12;丹参微波水提最佳工艺:微波功率600 W、提取时间25 min、固液比1:12。结论:丹参微波提取相对于传统提取方法更为简单,效率更高,在工业化生产中具有较大的应用价值。     

PB试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化丹参水提液中丹酚酸B提取工艺的研究

目的:优化丹参水提液中丹酚酸B的提取工艺。方法:以丹酚酸B含量及浸膏得率的综合评分为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过PB试验法,对影响提取工艺的5个因素(浸泡时间、液料比、提取时间、提取次数、溶媒p H值为考察因素,运用Box-Behnken响应面法进行预测分析。结果:最佳提取工艺为液料比为12.5∶1,提取3次,每次100 min。丹酚酸B的含量为41.81 mg/g,浸膏得率为26.97%,综合得分为95.42分,实验观测值与模型预测值偏差为0.75%。结论:采用PB试验法和Box-Behnken响应面法优选最佳工艺条件验证结果与预测结果相近,可用于丹参水提液中丹酚酸B的提取。     

微波法提取陈皮中橙皮苷

利用微波法提取技术(MAE)从陈皮中提取主要有效成分橙皮苷。考察了影响提取率的因素,包括提取溶剂浓度、微波加热温度、微波辐照时间、微波输出功率、液固比等。确定了最佳工艺:70%(v/v)甲醇为提取溶剂,微波输出功率550W,65℃,辐照14 m in,按25∶1(m l/g)的液固比,提取三次,橙皮苷提取率可达到2.40%。此外,将微波法提取橙皮苷与其它方法进行了比较,表明微波法提取工艺具有缩短提取时间且节省生产成本的优点。     

用梯度渗漉法比较丹参有效成分的提取工艺研究

目的：优选丹参中脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的提取工艺。方法：比较多种提取工艺，如回流法、一般渗漉法和梯度渗漉法，应用正交设计和单因素考察法对提取工艺进行筛选，采用高效液相色谱法测定丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的含量及干膏收率作为评价指标。结果：最佳工艺为梯度渗漉法，最佳工艺条件是：取丹参药材粗粉，用适量95％乙醇溶胀2h，装筒，用95％乙醇浸渍24h后，以4mL／min的速度开始渗漉，收集10倍药材量的渗漉液，提取丹参酮类脂溶性成分；再用50％乙醇，以4mL／min的速度渗漉，收集12倍药材量的渗漉液，提取丹参酚酸类水溶性成分。丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的提取率都较高。结论：优选得到的工艺条件简便易行，稳定性好。     

丹参中丹酚酸A转化方法

目的研究丹参中丹酚酸A的转化方法。方法考察提取溶剂种类、加热温度、加热时间、提取溶剂p H、液料比与离子强度等因素对丹酚酸B转化为丹酚酸A的影响,并确定最佳转化条件。结果最佳转化条件为以磷酸缓冲液(p H 6.0)为提取溶剂;液料比为12∶1;在140℃下加热4 h。25 g丹参中丹酚酸A的摩尔转化率为53.7%。结论该方法准确有效,可直接从丹参药材中通过降解丹酚酸B制备丹酚酸A。     

丹参减压提取工艺优化及技术适宜性研究

目的 考察减压提取应用于丹参的合理性,并优选丹参减压提取工艺参数。方法 应用HPLC法测定丹酚酸B,采用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选丹参减压提取的主要影响因素,考察各影响因素的显著性,结合Box-Behnken效应面法优选丹酚酸B的减压提取最佳工艺参数。结果 丹参药材中丹酚酸B的减压提取的最佳工艺为提取之前避光浸泡12 h,提取时间89 min、提取次数1次、料液比1∶11和提取温度80 ℃。丹酚酸B的提取率实验值平均可达5.01%,与预测值之间平均偏差率为?1.54%,建立的数学模型和实验观察数据相符。与相同条件下常压提取比较,所得丹酚酸B提取率提高了28.87%,浸膏得率降低了9.01%。结论 Plackett-Burman实验设计联用Box-Behnken效应面法优化丹参减压提取工艺是科学可行的,该方法可靠、精确度高、重复性好、预测性强;丹参药材中丹酚酸B适宜减压回流提取。     

微波法提取葡萄籽中原花青素的工艺研究

目的采用微波提取技术从葡萄籽中提取原花青素。方法考察微波提取工艺中5个影响收率的因素:提取温度、微波输出功率、溶剂体积分数、微波加热时间、固液比例。结果最佳生产工艺条件:使用80%乙醇,在微波输出功率600W,温度80℃条件下,持续加热3min,固液比例为1∶8。原花青素收率可达到22.73%。结论本研究建立了适合于工业化生产的微波提取葡萄籽中原花青素的工艺条件。     

丹参提取方法的比较研究

目的：对丹参的回流提取工艺法与超声提取工艺法进行比较研究。方法：用超声法提取丹参中丹酚酸B，用高效液相（HPLC）法测定丹酚酸B的含量。色谱柱为Diamonsil—C18（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相：甲醇-乙腈-甲酸-水（30：10：1：59）为流动相；流速：0．8mL／min；柱温：30℃；检测波长为286nm。结果：超声提取法丹酚酸B的含量为4．21％，高于2005版《中国药典》回流方法。结论：超声提取工艺法比回流提取法简单易行，节省时间，丹酚酸B的提取效率高。     

提取时间、溶剂对丹参提取物质量的影响研究

目的：研究提取时间、溶剂对丹参中主要活性成分含量的影响，为GEP建设提供基础数据和理论指导。方法：用HPLC在不同提取时间下分别测定丹参90％乙醇提取液和水提取液中丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量。结果：提取时间和提取溶剂对丹参提取液中丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量影响显著。结论：丹参中丹酚酸类成分宜用水提取，提取的时间为40～50min；丹参酮类成分宜用乙醇提取，时间为20～30min。     

河南产丹参水溶性提取物提取工艺研究

目的：探讨丹参水溶性提取物的最佳提取工艺。方法：以酸水为溶剂,加热回流法提取丹参水溶性提取物,采用正交试验设计考察时间、温度、pH值、提取溶剂体积等4因素,对丹参水溶性成分的影响,筛选出最佳的提取工艺;以丹酚酸B为标准品,采用HPLC法测定含量。结果：丹参水溶性提取物以酸水做溶剂,最佳提取工艺为pH值为3的酸水,8倍量,温度100℃,加热回流4h。结论：本提取工艺所得提取物丹酚酸B含量较高,简单,经济,可行性强,适合工业大批量生产。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.