丹参通脉胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经保护作用及机制研究

目的:观察丹参通脉胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)的神经保护作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:将80只雄性SD大鼠采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、血塞通组、丹参通脉胶囊组,各20只,分别给予相应的药物,假手术组与模型组给予等体积生理盐水,再灌注24h后对大鼠进行神经功能缺损症状评分,计算脑梗死体积比;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性、丙二醛(MDA)的水平以及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)的含量。结果:丹参通脉胶囊能够显著改善脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经行为学评分(P 0. 01),显著降低脑梗死体积比(P 0. 01),提高脑组织中SOD活性(P 0. 01),降低脑组织中MDA及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量(P 0. 01)。结论:丹参通脉胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的神经保护作用,其机制可能与减轻氧化应激和抑制炎症反应有关。     

僵蚕提取液促进小胶质细胞极化改善全脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元损伤及行为学功能北大核心CSCD

探讨僵蚕提取液对全脑缺血再灌注(I/R)大鼠行为学改善的作用及可能的机制。全自动血凝仪检测僵蚕提取液干预人血浆凝血四项对提取液进行质控。4周龄雄性SD大鼠60只,分为假手术组,模型组,阳性药物(肝素)组,僵蚕提取液低、中、高剂量组。除假手术组外,其余5组大鼠行双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭-再通手术,构建I/R大鼠模型。僵蚕提取液低、中、高剂量组予僵蚕提取液(0.45、0.9、1.8 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1))腹腔注射,阳性药物(肝素)组予肝素注射剂(900 IU·kg^(-1))腹腔注射,假手术组、模型组予等体积生理盐水腹腔注射,共计7 d;平衡木(BBT)检测大鼠行为学;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测脑组织形态学变化,免疫荧光法检测脑皮质(CC)区白细胞共同抗原(CD45)、白细胞分化抗原(CD11b)、精氨酸酶1(Arg-1);酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)蛋白表达水平;非靶向代谢组学检测僵蚕提取液、干预后大鼠血浆、干预后大鼠脑皮质代谢物水平。质控结果显示僵蚕提取液有效延长了人血浆活化部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT),与往期提取所得僵蚕提取液抗凝作用相似。行为学检测结果显示与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠BBT得分增加;与模型组相比,僵蚕提取液干预后小鼠BBT评分降低。组织形态学结果显示与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠CC脑区可见大量神经细胞形态改变;与模型组相比,僵蚕提取液干预后大鼠CC脑区异常形态神经细胞减少。免疫荧光结果显示与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠CC脑区CD45、CD11b平均荧光强度增加;与模型组相比,僵蚕提取液低剂量组大鼠CC脑区CD11b平均荧光强度减少,Arg-1平均荧光强度增多;僵蚕提取液中、高剂量组大鼠CC脑区CD45、CD11b平均荧光强度减少,Arg-1平均荧光强度增多。ELISA结果显示与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠CC脑区IL-1β、IL-6表达增加,IL-4、IL-10表达减少;与模型组比较,僵蚕提取液低、中、高剂量组IL-1β、IL-6表达不同程度减少,IL-4、IL-10表达不同程度增加。非靶向代谢组学结果显示僵蚕提取液共计鉴定代谢物809个,大鼠血浆中新增代谢物57个,大鼠脑皮质新增代谢物45个。具有抗凝药效的僵蚕提取液改善I/R大鼠行为学功能,其机制可能是促进小胶质细胞向M2型极化,增强其抗炎及吞噬功能,从而降低脑皮质神经细胞受损。     

滋阴活血解毒方对缺血性脑损伤大鼠炎性因子的影响

目的:观察滋阴活血解毒方对大鼠脑缺血后炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、滋阴活血解毒方组、阿加曲班组,每组15只。用大脑中动脉线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血模型。用ELISA法测定各组大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF–α的含量。结果:脑缺血后各时段模型组大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量明显高于同时段假手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),各时段滋阴活血解毒方组、阿加曲班组与同时段模型组比较均能降低大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:滋阴活血解毒方对脑缺血模型大鼠的脑保护作用可能与其抑制炎症反应有关。     

补阳还五汤对缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠肠道菌群及其血浆代谢产物的影响

目的探讨补阳还五汤对缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证模型大鼠肠道菌群及其相关血浆代谢产物的影响。方法采用中医证型与大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO)联合造模的方法,建立缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠模型,随机分为对照组、补阳还五汤(24g/kg)组、双歧杆菌(0.81g/kg)组。除对照组大鼠ig生理盐水外,其余各组大鼠ig相应药物,72h后处死大鼠,取全脑采用TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,取盲肠内容物采用16SrRNA基因测序检测肠道菌群,分离血浆用代谢组学法检测血浆代谢产物,并建模分析肠道菌群与代谢产物之间的联系。结果与对照组比较,补阳还五汤显著改善缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠神经行为学评分(P0.05),减小脑梗死体积(P0.001),调节肠道菌群(P0.01),影响缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠血浆代谢轮廓;双歧杆菌四联活菌片对缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠肠道菌群及代谢产物影响较小,对大鼠神经行为学评分、脑梗死体积无显著影响。结论补阳还五汤可能通过调节缺血性脑卒中气虚血瘀证大鼠的肠道菌群,继而影响其血浆代谢轮廓,从而发挥治疗缺血性脑卒中血瘀证的作用。     

消栓通络胶囊对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织TNF-α和IL-1β水平的影响

目的：观察消栓通络胶囊对急性缺血性中风模型大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的影响,以探讨其治疗缺血性中风的作用机制。方法：采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(MCAO)模型,测定大鼠脑组织中TNF-α和IL-1β的水平。结果：与模型组比较,消栓通络胶囊大、中(1.68、0.84 g/kg)剂量组可明显降低MCAO大鼠神经行为学评分(P＜0.01),可明显降低MCAO大鼠患侧脑匀浆中TNF-α和IL-1β的水平(P＜0.01)。结论：消栓通络胶囊可提高急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠的神经功能活动能力,其治疗缺血性中风的作用机制可能与TNF-α和IL-1β的表达有关。     

电针对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠海马IL-6表达影响的观察

背景:白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)在脑梗塞中的作用及与脑损伤的关系越来越多地受到关注。但多数为临床研究脑梗塞患者周围血清IL-6水平的观察,对中枢脑组织内IL-6的观察较少。目的:观察模型鼠海马组织IL-6表达的变化,观察电针对模型鼠海马组织IL-6表达变化的影响,探讨电针对脑神经元保护作用的可能途径。方法:将雄性SD大鼠15只随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组,每组各5只。采用改良Longa线栓法复制大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型;电针组取"百会(DU20)"及"大椎(DU14)"两穴,采用疏密波刺激30 min,电流强度1～3 mA,频率3Hz。评价大鼠神经行为学变化。用免疫组织化学方法观察受损侧海马IL-6的表达情况。结果与结论:(1)神经行为学评分:与假手术组比较,模型组和电针组的神经行为学评分显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,电针组的神经行为学评分显著升高(P<0.01)。(2)IL-6免疫阳性表达:与假手术组比较,模型组受损侧海马IL-6平均光密度有统计学意义的下降(P<0.01),电针组海马IL-6平均光密度有统计学意义的升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,电针组受损侧海马IL-6平均光密度有显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:神经行为学评分结果提示电针有明确的脑保护作用。脑梗塞后大鼠海马IL-6的表达下降,而电针治疗可以促进脑梗塞侧海马IL-6的表达,提示IL-6在脑缺血再灌注后的损伤中可能是发挥保护作用,这可能是电针治疗保护脑缺血再灌注受损神经细胞的途径之一。     

益气活血法对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠 IL- 6及 TNF-α含量的影响

目的观察益气活血法对心肌缺血-再灌注大鼠的白细胞介素- 6(IL- 6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α )含量的影响,从细胞因子角度探讨其抗心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的作用机理.方法选用 Wistar大鼠,随机分为假手术组、心肌缺血组 (缺血组 )、缺血-再灌注组 (再灌注组 )和治疗组.治疗组灌胃中药 (益气活血方 ),其余三组灌胃等量生理盐水, 5d后复制模型并测定血清中 IL- 6、 TNF-α及丙二醛 (MDA)含量.结果结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支 (LCA)5min时,各组心电图与假手术组相比, ST段 (J点 )抬高、 T波高耸,治疗组 ST段抬高显著低于缺血组及再灌注组;各组血清 IL- 6、 TNF-α及 MDA含量与假手术组相比均增高,治疗组显著低于再灌注组.结论益气活血法能够减轻大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤,其作用机理可能与减少心肌细胞释放 IL- 6和 TNF-α等细胞因子、消除氧自由基等有关.     

泄浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群、白细胞介素-10的影响

目的：探讨泄浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠肠道菌群、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的影响。方法：50只雄性Wistar大鼠中随机抽取8只大鼠设为对照组，其余42只大鼠采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导UC模型，3 d后处死两只大鼠，确定是否造模成功。将剩余40只大鼠随机分成模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组及泄浊解毒方低、中、高剂量组，每组8只，分别给予相应药物。连续给药14 d后，观察大鼠症状和体征、结肠黏膜损伤指数、结肠组织形态、血清中白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量，以及粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌含量。结果：造模后成功复制UC模型，粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌含量减少，肠杆菌、肠球菌含量增多，IL-10含量减少。治疗后，泄浊解毒方各组大鼠症状及体征明显改善，粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌含量升高，肠杆菌、肠球菌含量降低，IL-10含量升高，且泄浊解毒方高剂量组效果优于其他组。结论：泄浊解毒方对UC大鼠结肠黏膜损伤具有显著保护作用，以高剂量组为佳，其机制可能与调节肠道菌群平衡、增强血清中抗炎因子IL-10的释放有关。     

阿魏酸钠对大鼠脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的保护作用及机制分析

目的:观察阿魏酸钠对大鼠脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:取SD雄性大鼠,建立大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)致脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,造模成功的36只随机分成模型组,阿魏酸钠低、中、高剂量组(25,50,100 mg·kg~(-1)),并另取9只作为假手术组。采用神经功能评分法观察大鼠神经功能情况;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠脑组织病理学形态变化;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测大鼠血清和脑组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1β(IL~(-1)β),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测缺血周边区核转录因子-кB p65 (NF-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经行为学评分升高,神经元坏死,大量炎症细胞产生,血清和脑组织中TNF-a,IL~(-1)β,IL-6水平显著升高(P 0. 01),细胞核/细胞浆NF-κB p65蛋白表达比例显著升高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,阿魏酸钠可明显降低脑损伤大鼠神经行为学评分(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),抑制神经元坏死,减少炎症细胞产生,并可明显降低血清和脑组织中TNF-a,IL~(-1)β,IL-6水平(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),抑制NF-κB p65由细胞质向细胞核转位(P 0. 05,P 0. 01),最终减轻缺血再灌注造成的神经细胞炎症损伤。结论:阿魏酸钠可通过抑制NF-κB p65核转位减轻缺血再灌注大鼠脑神经细胞炎症反应,维持脑部正常形态,这可能是其发挥脑保护作用的机制之一。     

脑毒清颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响

目的 观察脑毒清颗粒对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 大鼠随机分为对照组、假手术组、模型组和脑毒清组,采用线栓法（MCAO）制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,2h后抽取线栓对大鼠进行脑缺血再灌注,研究脑毒清颗粒对脑缺血再灌注神经功能缺损、脑梗死体积、血清中白细胞介素（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）含量的影响.结果 脑毒清颗粒能减少MCAO神经功能缺损评分和脑梗死体积,降低血中IL-6和TNF-α含量.结论 脑毒清颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.