硫磺熏蒸和鼓风烘制对鲜品白术药材中白术内酯Ⅰ和白术内酯Ⅲ含量的影响

目的:建立HPLC-PDA同时测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ和白术内酯Ⅲ含量的方法,比较不同温度鼓风烘制与硫熏白术中这2种成分的含量,探究代替硫磺熏蒸的最佳温度鼓风烘制保存的加工方法。方法:不同温度鼓风烘制和硫磺熏蒸的白术提取物的分析采用InertsilODS-SP色谱柱,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),流动相乙腈-水(52∶48),检测波长220 nm。结果:白术内酯Ⅰ和白术内酯Ⅲ的线性范围分别为20.4~326.4,20.9~334.4 ng(r0.999 5),加样回收率分别为99.43%和99.20%,RSD分别为0.2%和0.3%。70℃烘制的白术中白术内酯Ⅰ和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量最高。结论:高温鼓风烘制及硫磺熏蒸均会减少白术内酯Ⅰ和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量,建议采用70℃鼓风烘制法替代硫磺熏蒸作为白术的加工方法,该方法便捷、可靠、安全,为白术的质量控制提供参考。     

不同剂量运脾方对脾虚大鼠小肠功能的影响

目的观察治疗儿童厌食症的有效方药运脾方不同剂量对脾虚大鼠小肠功能的影响,探索运脾方临床治疗效果的作用机理。方法建立利血平致脾虚动物模型,设立正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(消食健儿糖浆组)、运脾方大剂量组、运脾方中剂量组、运脾方小剂量组,测定大鼠体重变化及食量消耗,观察大鼠尿D-木糖排泄率。结果运脾方能明显增加脾虚大鼠的食量和体重,增加D-木糖的排泄率。结论运脾方能够改善脾虚大鼠小肠吸收功能,并呈量效关系。     

复合造模因素诱导脾虚水湿不化模型大鼠胃肠功能的改变

目的: 研究脾虚水湿不化模型大鼠在胃肠功能方面的改变。方法:将40只大鼠随机分为空白对照组和模型组,每组20只。空白对照组大鼠给予纯化饲料喂养;模型组大鼠给予高脂低蛋白饲料喂养,同时负重力竭游泳,连续喂养60 d。观察大鼠的一般状况,检测大鼠血清淀粉酶含量,血清胃泌素含量及尿D-木糖的排泄率。结果:与空白对照组相对比,模型组大鼠血清淀粉酶含量,血清胃泌素含量及尿D-木糖的排泄率均有降低的趋势(P<0.05),具有显著性差异。结论: 脾虚水湿不化模型大鼠会出现胃肠功能的减退。     

黄芪多糖对脾虚水湿不化模型大鼠血清GAS、CCK、VIP及尿D木糖排泄率的影响

目的:观察黄芪多糖对脾虚水湿不化模型大鼠血清胃泌素(GAS)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)及尿D木糖排泄率的影响,探讨黄芪多糖健脾祛湿机制。方法:将48只大鼠随机分为模型组和空白组,将模型组大鼠按高脂低蛋白加力竭游泳法建立脾虚水湿不化大鼠模型,模型组分为参苓白术散组,黄芪多糖低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。按分组情况分别进行干预,观察模型大鼠一般状况,检测GAS、CCK、VIP水平及5 h尿D木糖排泄率。结果:与模型组比较,黄芪多糖各组血清GAS、CCK、VIP水平均升高(P0.05或P0.01),5 h尿D木糖排泄率增加(P0.05)。结论:黄芪多糖可纠正脾虚水湿不化大鼠胃肠激素水平及尿D木糖排泄率,进而改善饮食物消化吸收,发挥健脾祛湿作用。     

电针对肝郁脾虚证候模型大鼠胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨肝郁脾虚证候模型大鼠的制备,及电针对该模型大鼠胃肠消化功能的影响。方法检测胃组织中胃泌素(GAS)、生长抑素(SS)的表达,探讨GAS和SS在电针调节胃肠功能中发挥的作用。方法实验大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组。除空白组外,均采用"夹尾刺激法+隔日进食"制备肝郁脾虚证候大鼠模型。造模成功后,电针组给予电针"足三里"及"太冲"治疗,空白组、模型组予束缚固定,每日1次,连续治疗14d。实验过程中观测各组大鼠一般情况及尿D-木糖排泄率。治疗结束后,检测胃排空率,小肠推进率及胃蛋白酶含量,应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测胃窦中GAS、SS的表达水平。结果与空白组相比,模型组大鼠胃排空延迟、小肠推进缓慢,胃蛋白酶含量减少(均P0.01),D-木糖排泄率降低(P0.05),胃窦中GAS表达显著减弱、SS的表达显著性提升(均P0.01);与模型组相比,电针组胃排空增多(P0.05)、小肠推进增加(P0.05),胃蛋白酶含量及D-木糖排泄率均增加(P0.05),GAS胃窦中的含量增加(P0.05),SS的含量显著降低(P0.01)。结论夹尾刺激+隔日进食的造模方法可复制肝郁脾虚证候大鼠模型;电针治疗可调节肝郁脾虚证候模型大鼠胃排空和小肠推进率,增加胃蛋白酶含量和尿D-木糖排泄率,改善胃肠道功能;胃窦中GAS及SS表达的改变,可能是电针调节肝郁脾虚证候模型大鼠胃肠功能的作用机制之一。     

白术对脾虚水湿内停大鼠的利水药效物质研究

目的:研究白术对脾虚水湿内停大鼠的利水作用,阐明其药效物质。方法:采用优化后的饮食不节结合劳倦过度法,进而腹腔水负荷,建立脾虚水湿内停模型,检测模型大鼠一般状况、粪便含水率、尿D-木糖、TP、ALB、GAS、AQP1及水负荷指数。结果:与模型组比较,白术水煎液组(WD)及其各拆分组均可不同程度改善模型大鼠一般状况,降低AQP1;WD中粪便含水率、尿D-木糖、GAS、TP、ALB、水负荷大鼠体重下降值和6 h尿量显著增加;挥发油组(VOF)粪便含水率、尿D-木糖、GAS、水负荷大鼠体重下降值显著增加,而水负荷大鼠6 h总尿量显著降低;粗糖组(CPF)和石油醚组(PEF)尿D-木糖、GAS、TP、ALB显著增加;醇洗组(AEF)水负荷大鼠体重下降值显著增加;水洗组(WEF)水负荷大鼠6 h总尿量显著降低。结论:白术能改善脾虚水湿内停大鼠脾失健运状况,其健脾利水的药效物质是粗糖组分和石油醚组分,燥湿利水的药效物质是挥发油组分。     

脾虚状态对高脂血症大鼠血清低密度脂蛋白亚类分布的影响

目的:观察脾虚高脂血症大鼠血清LDL亚类分布的特征,分析脾虚状态对高脂血症大鼠LDL亚类分布的影响。方法:SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组、高脂血症组和脾虚高脂血症组。高脂血症组予高脂饲料喂饲,脾虚高脂血症组采用劳倦过度加饮食不节结合高脂饲料喂饲造模。间苯三酚法测定D-木糖排泄率,全自动生化分析仪检测血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清淀粉酶(AMY)水平,HE染色观察肝脏形态变化,油红O染色观察肝脏脂质沉积,Lipoprint脂蛋白分类系统检测LDL亚类。结果:与空白对照组比较,高脂血症组及脾虚高脂血症组大鼠血清TC、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C、AMY及尿D-木糖排泄率水平显著降柢,肝细胞形成大量脂质沉积,肝细胞中出现变性空泡。与高脂血症组相比,脾虚高脂血症大鼠血清TC、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C、AMY及尿D-木糖排泄率显著降低。由Lipoprint系统分离低密度脂蛋白颗粒获得了7个LDL小分支:与空白对照组比较,高脂血症组及脾虚高脂血症组大鼠血清1型和2型(大颗粒LDL)亚类显著增加,3-7型(小颗粒LDL)亚类显著升高;与高脂血症组比较,脾虚高脂血症大鼠血清小颗粒LDL亚类显著升高。结论:高脂血症及脾虚高脂血症大鼠血清LDL亚类分布异常,后者亚类变化更加明显。     

补中益气汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠黏膜修复及葡萄糖吸收相关转运体的影响

目的:探讨补中益气汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠黏膜修复及葡萄糖相关转运体表达的影响。方法:以"大黄+利血平+控制饮食"多因素法建立脾虚泄泻大鼠模型,随机分为补中益气汤低、中、高剂量组和脾虚泄泻模型组,采用HE染色观察大鼠小肠黏膜组织病理学改变,并检测大鼠体质量、尿D-木糖排泄率及小肠葡萄糖吸收量,采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测钠依赖性葡萄糖转运体(SGLT1)、葡萄糖转运体2(GLUT2)、钠氢交换体3(NHE3)mRNA的表达。结果:脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠绒毛部分损伤,表面上皮缺失,补中益气汤可促进小肠黏膜的修复;与正常对照组比较,造模后大鼠尿D-木糖排泄率和葡萄糖吸收量显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);经补中益气汤治疗后尿D-木糖排泄率及葡萄糖吸收量升高。模型组大鼠小肠黏膜中SGLT1、GLUT2、NHE3 mRNA表达量均显著低于正常对照组(P0.01);给予补中益气汤后SGLT1、GLUT2、NHE3 mRNA表达量均不同程度提高,其中以高剂量组作用最佳(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:补中益气汤可促进脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠黏膜损伤的修复,上调SGLT1、GLUT2、NHE3mRNA表达,从而促进葡萄糖及水、钠的吸收。     

麦粒灸治疗脾虚泄泻证的临床研究

目的：观察麦粒灸对脾虚泄泻证患者唾液淀粉酶活性、尿D－木糖、血清SIgA的影响。方法：将112例患者随机分为治疗组（56例）和对照组（56例）。治疗组采用麦粒灸患者脾俞、胃俞、足三里穴,每穴3壮,隔日1次,连续30天,对照组接受中药治疗。结果：麦粒灸能显著改善患者脾虚泄泻症状,并显著提高唾液淀粉酶活性,尿D－木糖排泄率及降低血清SIgA,其作用优于对照组,结论：麦粒久脾虚泄泻疗效肯定。     

一种新型小动物脾虚高脂血症模型的建立

目的探索脾虚高脂血症实验动物模型的构建方法。方法 60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、高脂血症组、脾虚高脂血症组。空白对照组予普通颗粒饲料喂饲,高脂血症组予高脂饲料喂饲,脾虚高脂血症组采用饥饱失常加运动控制及结合高脂饲料喂饲造模。4周后采用一般体征评分标准对大鼠进行评价,间苯三酚法测定尿D-木糖排泄率,全自动生化分析仪检测血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清淀粉酶(AMY)水平,HE染色观察肝脏形态变化,油红O染色观察肝脏脂质沉积,电镜观察大鼠肝脏超微结构变化。结果与空白对照组相比,高脂血症组及脾虚高脂血症组在一般状态、毛发体表、肛周和总分均得分较高(均P0.01);血清TC、LDL-C水平显著升高(均P0.01),HDL-C水平显著降低(P0.05);肝细胞形成大量脂质沉积,核周间隙增大,胞质内线粒体嵴减少,粗面内质网明显扩张。与高脂血症组相比,脾虚高脂血症大鼠在肛周和总分方面均明显升高(均P0.01);血清AMY和尿D-木糖排泄率显著降低(均P0.01)。结论饥饱失常加运动控制及结合高脂饲料喂饲造模,可以构建大鼠脾虚高脂血症动物模型。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.