LC-MS/MS同时检测大鼠血浆中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的:研究白芍中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法:应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用分析方法,测定大鼠灌胃给予白芍提取物后芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的时间-血药浓度,根据药-时曲线计算药代动力学参数。结果:芍药苷和芍药内酯苷线性范围分别为1.0~1000 ng·m L-1,2.0~2000 ng·m L-1,回收率均大于80%,日间RSD≤10%,日内RSD≤11%,RE在-4.9%~2.4%之间。芍药苷和芍药内酯苷药代动力学参数如下:Tmax为(0.89±0.27)、(0.97±0.37)h;t1/2为(1.97±0.63)、(2.25±0.59)h;Cmax为(301.3±96.8)、(122.9±42.2)μg·L-1。AUC0-t为(1495.1±521.2)、(688.5±222.9)μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞为(1541.1±548.0)、(720.1±241.0)μg·h·L-1。结论:该法简便、灵敏、特异,适用于血浆中芍药苷和芍药内酯浓度的测定。白芍中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷在大鼠体内药代动力学行为均符合二室模型。     

白芍总苷在佐剂性关节炎大鼠与正常大鼠体内的药动学差异

目的:比较白芍总苷在佐剂性关节炎大鼠与正常大鼠体内药动学参数的差异,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用大鼠右后足垫皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂建立大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,应用RP-HPLC测定模型大鼠和正常大鼠灌胃给予白芍总苷后不同时间点的芍药苷的血药浓度,运用PKSolver V2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果:高、中、低剂量(1.80,0.90,0.47 g·kg~(-1))给药时,模型组大鼠体内芍药苷的药峰浓度(C_(max))分别为(7.93±1.09),(4.81±1.06),(1.02±0.82)mg·L~(-1),达峰时间(T_(max))均为180 min;在正常大鼠体内,芍药苷的半衰期(t_(1/2))分别为(215.63±5.26),(213.16±4.18),(208.55±4.94)min;C_(max)分别为(52.39±2.49),(24.52±1.69),(5.79±0.52)mg·L~(-1),AUC_(0-t)分别为(12 564.08±467.37),(5 839.10±380.86),(1 439.95±144.39)mg·L~(-1)·min;T_(max)均为150 min。结论:在类风湿性关节炎状态下芍药苷的吸收速率减缓,C_(max),AUC_(0-t)和AUC_(0-∞)均显著减小;类风湿性关节炎能影响白芍总苷在大鼠体内的药动学行为。     

斑蝥素在比格犬体内的药代动力学和口服生物利用度研究

目的:测定斑蝥素单剂量静脉和口服给药后的比格犬体内的药-时曲线,并与斑蝥素静脉单剂量给药相比,计算其体内的药代动力学参数和生物利用度.方法:6只比格犬给药,血样盐酸酸化后,乙酸乙酯萃取,使用GC-MS方法测定血浆中的微量斑蝥素,用WinNonLin程序计算药代动力学参数和生物利用度.结果:比格犬静脉注射斑蝥素(34 μg·kg~(-1))的主要药代学参数:AUC(203.5±23.8)h·μg·L~(-1),CL(168.8±18.6)mL·h~(-1)·kg(-1).t_(1/2)(0.69±0.03)h;比格犬单剂量口服斑蝥素(102μg·kg~(-1))主要药代学参数是:AUC(160.4±26.9)h·μg·L~(-1),CL(649.1±97.7)mL·h~(-1)·kg~(-1),t_(1/2)(0.38±0.1)h.与静脉注射相比,生物利用度为26.7%.结论:比格犬口服斑蝥素后,斑蝥素在犬体内的吸收较少,提示要提高斑蝥素的口服生物利用度,提高临床用药有效性.     

欣梦颗粒中丹参素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究不同剂量的欣梦颗粒给药后丹参素在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法将18只大鼠随机分为3组,分别以1.25,2.50,5.00 g·kg~(-1)的剂量灌胃给予欣梦颗粒,RP-HPLC法检测大鼠血浆中丹参素的浓度,软件DAS 3.2.1计算药动学参数并比较药动学参数的差异。结果欣梦颗粒以1.25,2.50,5.00 g·kg~(-1)的剂量给药后,丹参素药-时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))分别为(5.88±1.02)、(19.44±2.22)、(64.14±14.28)μg·mL~(-1)·h;峰浓度(C_(max))分别为(2.931±0.479)、(5.413±0.429)、(11.509±2.684)μg·mL~(-1);达峰时间(T_(max))分别为(30.0±5.4)、(60.0±9.7)、(115.0±31.3)min;半衰期(t_(1/2))分别为(123.8±17.8)、(234.9±79.1)、(280.8±71.9)min;清除率(CL)分别为(198±28)、(128±16)、(80±18)L·h-1·kg~(-1)。增加给药剂量后,丹参素的AUC_(0-t)、C_(max)均增大,但均与剂量不成线性关系,且T_(max)和t_(1/2)均延长,CL减小。结论在1.25~5.00 g·kg~(-1)剂量范围内,剂量对欣梦颗粒中丹参素在大鼠体内的药动学有显著影响,丹参素呈现非线性药动学特征。     

白芍总苷及其所含主要成分芍药苷和芍药内酯苷对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究白芍总苷及其所含主要成分芍药苷+芍药内酯苷对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将ICR小鼠随机分成9组,分别为正常组,模型组,联苯双酯阳性对照组(100 mg·kg~(-1)),白芍总苷低(100 mg·kg~(-1))、中(200 mg·kg~(-1))、高(400 mg·kg~(-1))剂量组,芍药苷+芍药内酯苷(8∶3)低(66 mg·kg~(-1))、中(132 mg·kg~(-1))、高(264 mg·kg~(-1))剂量组。各组按0.01 mL·g~(-1)灌胃给药,1次/d,7 d后,除正常组外其余各组腹腔注射0.15%CCl_(4 )(0.01 mL·g~(-1))建立急性肝损伤模型。17 h后取血,取材。测定血清中ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP,γ-GT,TBA水平及肝组织中SOD,MDA,GSH-Px水平;HE染色观察肝组织病理变化。结果与模型组相比,白芍总苷给药组和芍药苷+芍药内酯苷给药组均可明显改善肝脏病理变化,可降低肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP,γ-GT,TBA水平,升高肝脏组织匀浆上清中SOD,GSH-Px水平,降低MDA水平。结论白芍总苷及其所含主要成分芍药苷+芍药内酯苷对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素在大鼠体内的药物动力学研究

目的测定秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素在大鼠体内的血药浓度及药代动力学参数。方法大鼠口服给予秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素各60 mg·kg~(-1),于给药后不同时间点采血,UPLC法测定血浆秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素含量,3P87计算药代动力学参数。结果秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素的主要药动学参数:T_(max)分别为0.164,0.0643 h;C_(max)分别为4.778,3.576μg·m L~(-1);AUC_(0-4)分别为5.360,5.682μg·m L~(-1)·h;AUC_(0-∞)分别为7.449,11.691μg·m L~(-1)·h;CL/F(s)分别为7.938,11.055 mg·kg~(-1)·h·μg~(-1)·m L;二者均符合二室模型。结论建立了大鼠血浆中秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素的UPLC检测方法,方法灵敏准确,适用于药代动力学研究。     

不同给药途径对双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷药代动力学的影响

目的比较3种给药途径单剂量给予双黄连粉针剂后黄芩苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学变化,探讨其安全有效的给药途径。方法将SD大鼠分为静脉注射组、口服组、肌内注射组,均一次性给予双黄连粉针剂0.8 mg·kg~(-1),另设空白对照组。以葛根素作为内标,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定给药后大鼠体内不同时间黄芩苷的含量变化,并采用PK-solution 2.0软件计算主要药动学参数。结果静脉注射、口服、肌内注射给予双黄连粉针剂后,血浆中黄芩苷的药动学行为均符合非房室模型,其主要药动学参数:浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC_(0-∞))分别为(71.69±3.33)、(39.36±6.83)、(5.33±0.51)μg·h·mL~(-1);药物平均驻留时间(MRT_(0-∞))分别为(1.26±0.13)、(1.69±0.27)、(21.87±4.25)h;消除半衰期(t_(1/2))分别为(4.69±1.39)、(4.89±0.99)、(12.33±1.87)h;口服、肌内注射给药峰浓度(C_(max))分别为(34.59±3.16)、(0.45±0.04)μg·mL~(-1)。口服和肌肉注射后黄芩苷的绝对生物利用度分别为(54.90±2.05)%、(7.46±0.15)%。结论不同给药途径对双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷在体内药代动力学参数均有明显的影响。静脉注射途径的疗效较好,但不良反应较多,可能与静脉注射后体内黄芩苷的初始浓度较高、AUC_(0-∞)较大有一定的关系。     

牡荆苷纳米混悬剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学初步研究

目的:研究牡荆苷纳米混悬剂注射给药后在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为。方法:以Wistar大鼠为模型动物,建立反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定大鼠血浆中牡荆苷的含量,并采用3P87软件计算药代动力学参数。结果:大鼠血浆样品中牡荆苷在0. 5～20μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,定量限为0. 3μg·m L~(-1)。牡荆苷的日内和日间精密度均小于10%,准确度在85%～115%范围内。牡荆苷纳米混悬剂在大鼠体内的药动力学符合二房室模型,分布相半衰期T_(1/2)α=2. 4924 min,T_(1/2)β=57. 123 min,K_(12)=0. 159 min~(-1),K_(21)=0. 035 min~(-1),K_(10)=0. 965 min~(-1),AUC=407. 668 mg·min·L~(-1),CL=0. 0074 L·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),Vc=0. 0762 L·kg~(-1)。结论:建立了测定大鼠血浆中牡荆苷含量HPLC方法,此法适用于牡荆苷纳米混悬剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究,牡荆苷纳米混悬剂在大鼠体内的动力学行为符合二室模型。     

通心络超微粉大鼠药代动力学研究

目的建立快速、灵敏、简便的大鼠血浆中芍药苷定量分析的HPLC-MS-MS方法;研究大鼠灌胃给予通心络超微粉后的大鼠血浆中芍药苷的药物动力学,为评价其临床疗效提供依据。方法研究大鼠以6g/kg剂量单次和多次灌胃给予通心络超微粉(相当于芍药苷24.52 mg/kg)后芍药苷的药物动力学。测定血浆中芍药苷的浓度,绘制药-时曲线并计算其药代动力学参数。结果单次和多次给予通心络超微粉Cmax分别为77.8,189.6 ng/ml,t1/2分别为(207.9±138.3)min,(224.3±120.4)min,AUC0-∞分别为31662,40493 ng·min/ml。单次给药芍药苷吸收缓慢,而多次给药(3次/d,第10次给药后检测)后吸收迅速,首次达峰为28 min,120 min后再次达峰。结论多次给予通心络超微粉后芍药苷在大鼠体内有累积作用;复方制剂及不同给药剂量可影响中药活性成分的吸收及临床疗效。     

血府逐瘀汤中桔梗、牛膝对大鼠芍药苷药代动力学的影响

目的:通过比较大鼠分别灌胃血府逐瘀汤全方、血府逐瘀汤缺桔梗和(或)牛膝方后芍药苷的药代动力学特性,初步研究桔梗和牛膝的引经作用。方法:采用HPLC测定大鼠血清中芍药苷浓度,DAS软件拟合药代动力学参数。结果:芍药苷药代动力学房室模型为一室模型。大鼠灌胃血府逐瘀汤全方、单缺桔梗方、单缺牛膝方、缺桔梗牛膝方后芍药苷的药代动力学参数Cmax=(0.363±0.080,0.065±0.020,0.099±0.033,0.099±0.020)mg/L,Tmax=(0.276±0.084,0.583±0.342,0.555±0.228,0.317±0.033)h,t1/2=(0.501±0.038,1.021±0.522,0.853±0.377,1.227±0.402)h,AUC0-∞=(0.381±0.022,0.130±0.085,0.166±0.066,0.185±0.059)mg/L·h。结论:桔梗、牛膝不影响芍药苷在大鼠体内的清除率。桔梗、牛膝配伍使用显著增大芍药苷在大鼠体内的Ka、Ke、Cmax和F;显著降低芍药苷在大鼠体内的生物半衰期和表观分布容积。桔梗、牛膝单用一味降低芍药苷在大鼠体内的Ka、Cmax、F、t1/2、V1;增加了芍药苷在大鼠体内的Ke、Tmax。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.