重组人干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎120例疗效观察

目的 研究重组人干扰素α-2b（安达芬）联合拉米夫定（LAM）对慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效.方法 将120例慢性乙型肝炎患者按1∶1比例随机分为2组：联合组给予重组人干扰素α-2b和LAM治疗 单用组给予LAM治疗,疗程均为1年.结果 治疗1年后,联合组血清HBV-DNA转阴率和HBeAg/抗Hbe转换率均高于单用组（P均＜0.05）,单用组YMDD变异率高于联合组（P均＜0.05）.结论 重组人干扰素α-2b（安达芬）联合拉米夫定（LAM）治疗的1年疗效优于单用拉米夫定.     

长疗程干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙肝的临床观察

目的观察干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定较长疗程治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法将慢性乙型肝炎患者137例,随机分为两组,观察组61例,用干扰素α-2b（5万U/次,肌注）隔日1次,连用52周停药,52周后用拉米夫定100mg/d口服,1次/d,用至104周。对照组76例,单用拉米夫定,用法、用量、疗程同观察组。结果治疗104周后两组HBVDNA转阴率、ALT正常率差异无统计学意义（P=0.24）,观察组的HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为42.6%,高于对照组的26.3%（P=0.045）,观察组的HBVYMDD变异率为14.5%,低于对照组的40.8%（P=0.001）。结论干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎,疗程2年,疗效优于单用拉米夫定,且能减少病毒YMDD变异。     

拉米夫定联合干扰素α-2b治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的比较拉米夫定联合干扰素α-2b与单用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法26例慢性乙型肝炎患者接受拉米夫定联合干扰素α-2b联合治疗1.5年;34例单用拉米夫定1.5年。结果治疗结束时,联合组HBeAg/抗HBe转换率为65.4%,优于单用组的37.6%(P<0.001);两组HBV DNA转阴率分别是96.2%、94.1%(P>0.05);联合组完全应答率38.5%,优于单用组17.6%(p<0.01)。单用拉米夫定组3例出现YMDD变异。联合治疗组出现1例HBsAg转阴。结论拉米夫定与干扰素α-2b联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎,可提高HBeAg/抗Hbe血清转换率及综合应答率,并可防止或减少YMDD变异的发生。     

干扰素α-1b和拉米夫定序贯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的高水平HBV清除动力学观察

目的 观察干扰素α-1b(IFNα-1b)和拉米夫定序贯治疗对慢性乙型肝炎的高水平复制HBV清除动力学的影响.方法 76例HBeAg阳性且HBV DNA＞1×107 copies/ml慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组40例,先用拉米夫定治疗4周,再加用IFNα-1b治疗8周,然后单用IFNα-1b治疗16周,对照组36例单用IFNα-1b治疗24周.分别于治疗前后定期检测肝功能、血常规、乙肝标志物及HBV DNA.结果 治疗结束时,治疗组的ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg阴转率及抗-Hbe阳转率均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),治疗组有效率(72.5%)明显高于对照组(50.0%)(P＜0.05).治疗期间两组的副反应无明显的差异(P＞0.05).随访6个月治疗组的上述指标仍高于对照组(P＜0.05),仅两组间的抗-Hbe阳转率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 IFNα-1b和拉米夫定序贯治疗对HBV高水平复制的慢性乙型肝炎有较好的效果,优于单用IFNα-1b治疗.     

干扰素联合胸腺肽α1再治疗干扰素治疗失败的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎

目的：探讨干扰素联合胸腺肽α1治疗干扰素治疗不应答慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法在120例经干扰素α-1b治疗6个月不应答的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者中,76例接受干扰素α-1b和胸腺肽α1联合治疗24周,44例继续单用干扰素α1b治疗24周。结果在治疗结束时,联合组患者血清HBeAg/抗-HBe转换率为39.5%,HBV DNA阴转率为47.4%,而单用药物组分别为9.1%和13.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论干扰素联合胸腺肽α1治疗干扰素治疗不应答的HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者,可提高疗效。     

胸腺肽α1治疗干扰素无应答或复发的慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的观察胸腺肽α1治疗干扰素初治失败后的慢性乙型肝炎的效果。方法对23例用干扰素α1b治疗3个月无应答的慢性乙型肝炎和9例用干扰素治疗3个月后完全应答,继续治疗4个月后复发的慢性乙型肝炎者,改用胸腺肽α1单用或联合干扰素α2b治疗3月,观察HBeAg、HBVDNA和肝功能等变化。结果23例干扰素α2b治疗无应答者中有16例(69.6%)完全应答;9例病情复发者中有6例(66.7%)完全应答。结论对干扰素初治无应答者或复发的慢性乙型肝炎改用胸腺肽α1单用或联合干扰素再治疗可以提高应答率。     

干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的比较干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定与单用干扰素α-2b及单用拉米夫定三种不同疗法,治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）的疗效。方法三个治疗中心针对259名HBeAg阳性CHB进行抗病毒治疗的临床研究。其中单用干扰素α-2b（A）组82名患者;干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定（B）组88名患者;单用拉米夫定（C）组89名患者。对照分析各组治疗12、24、36、48周时以及随访第72周时,血清ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率和血清HBV标志物的变化。观察不良反应以及乙型肝炎病毒耐药情况。结果 （1）三组患者治疗各时间点血清ALT复常率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（2）干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定组抗病毒治疗48周时,HBeAg阴转率和血清学转换率分别为39.67%和31.59%,与A组和C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）单用干扰素α-2b组抗病毒治疗48周时,血清HBeAg阴转率和转换率分别为30.29%和29.27%,与单用拉米夫定组的6.74%和5.62%比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（4）干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定组和单用拉米夫定组治疗12周即可获得较高的HBVDNA检测下限率,伴随治疗时间越长,单用拉米夫定的患者48周耐药率12.21%,而联合用药组仅为3.23%;（5）干扰素治疗期间可出现白细胞明显减少现象,没有发生一起严重不良事件,入组患者均完成疗程。结论三组不同治疗方法均可获得一定的抗HBV疗效。但干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定抗病毒治疗较单独使用干扰素α-2b或拉米夫定的疗效高。适当延长抗病毒治疗时间,患者能获得较高的HBeAg阴转率和HBeAg血清学转换率。干扰素α-2b联合拉米夫定还可以减少乙型肝炎病毒耐药率     

干扰素α-2b联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的探讨干扰素（IFN）α-2b联合阿德福韦酯（ADv）治疗慢性乙型肝炎（chronic hepatitis B,CHB）患者的疗效。方法47例CHB患者随机分为2组,IFNα-2b联合ADV组（联合用药组）22例,单用ADV组（单药组）25例。监测2组患者治疗12、24、48、96周的HBVDNA水平、HBV血清标志物及ALT变化。结果治疗48周时,联合用药组患者血清中HBVDNA转阴率和ALT复常率明显高于单药组,联合用药组在停用IFNα-2b48周后上述指标仍高于单药组。治疗48周时,联合用药组完全应答率为59％,高于单药组的28％（P〈0．05）。结论IFNα-2b联合ADV治疗CHB优于单用ADV,可提高HBeAg／抗HBe血清学转换率及完全应答率。     

拉米夫定联合干扰素α治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的研究拉米夫定联合干扰素α对慢性乙型肝炎病人的疗效。方法对1999~2001年深圳市东湖医院慢性乙型肝炎病人87例,随机分为2组,观察组36例,用拉米夫定(100mg/d)联合干扰素α(每次5mU)隔日1次肌注,26周后单用拉米夫啶至104周。对照组51例,单用拉米夫啶100mg/d,疗程104周,并评估疗效。结果两组HBVDNA转阴率差异无显著性(P=0.24),联合治疗组的HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率高于拉米夫定组(38.9%对17.6%,P=0.03)。联合治疗组的HBVYMDD变异率较低(22.2%对43.1%,P=0.04)。结论联合治疗的2年疗效优于单用拉米夫定,且能减少病毒YMDD变异。     

用拉米夫定治疗对干扰素α无应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者

目的探讨拉米夫定对干扰素α治疗无应答的慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法经重组干扰素α-1b 5MU治疗无应答的慢性乙型肝炎35例为治疗组,选择同期未接受抗病毒治疗的慢性乙型肝炎35例为对照组。两组患者均给予拉米夫定100 mg口服每天一次,疗程2年以上,观察两组患者的肝功能、HBV标志及YMDD变异的发生率。结果拉米夫定治疗两年后,治疗组ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg血清转换率、HBVDNA阴转率分别为85.71%、68.57%、42.86%和74.29%,显著高于对照组的65.71%、42.86%、20.00%和51.43%,两组比较,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。拉米夫定治疗两年后,治疗组YMDD变异的发生率为8.57%,显著低于对照组的37.14%（P〈0.01）。结论拉米夫定可显著提高干扰素α无应答慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒疗效,并明显降低拉米夫定YM-DD耐药变异的发生率。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.