慢性乙型肝炎血清学检测与肝脏病理的对比研究

研究血清学指标预测慢性乙型肝炎 (简称慢乙肝 )肝组织病变程度的可靠性 ,探讨慢乙肝的临床诊断与病理诊断的符合度。对 10 5例慢乙肝患者的肝穿组织进行炎症活动度分级 (G)及纤维化程度分期 (S) ,并定量检测血清中的ALT、AST、A/G、GGT、PTA及HBVDNA。对慢乙肝的临床诊断与病理诊断进行对照。血清ALT、AST、A/G、GGT、PTA在各级各期慢乙肝中的差异无显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。HBVDNA定量在各级各期慢乙肝中的差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。慢乙肝的临床诊断与病理诊断的符合率 ,慢肝轻度 96 8%、慢肝中度 5 0 0 %、慢肝重度 7 7%。血清ALT、AST、A/G、GGT、PTA可作为慢乙肝肝组织病变程度的预测指标 ,而血清HBVDNA水平不能作为慢乙肝肝组织病变程度的预测指标。临床诊断慢性肝炎中重度患者应行肝组织病理检查 ,尽可能使临床诊断与病理诊断相符。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化24例

[目的]观察复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯（ADM）治疗慢性乙型肝炎（慢乙肝）肝纤维化疗效。[方法]慢乙肝患者48例,随机分为2组,每组24例,A组以复方鳖甲软肝片与阿德福韦酯联合治疗,B组单独以阿德福韦酯治疗。观察2组治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、胆红素（SB）的复常率及血清肝纤维化指标变化。[结果]治疗结束时,AST、SB复常率2组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,血清肝纤维化指标2组相比差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢乙肝肝纤维化有较好疗效。     

慢性乙型肝炎的病理与临床

目的：提高慢性乙型肝炎临床诊断的正确性。方法：对202例慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床表现，血液生物化学指标[血清总胆红素（TBil)，白蛋白(ALB),凝血酶原活动度（PTA），ALT，白蛋白／球蛋白比值（A／G），r-球蛋白（GGT）]与病理分级分度进行对比分析。结果：临床表现如乏力，纳差，厌油，腹胀，鼻／牙龈出血及肝掌，蜘蛛痣，脾静脉增宽,胆囊炎与肝组织炎症活动密切相关；TBil,ALT,GGT上升及Alb,A/G比值，PTA下降均与肝组织炎症程度加重有关。6项指标中，轻度慢性肝炎临床与病理诊断符合率较高，为63.8%-79.0% ,其次为重度慢性肝炎，为40.0%-62.5%，符合率最低的是中度慢性肝炎，为10.0%-28.2%。结论：临床诊断时要高度重视临床症状，体征的变化，可适当放宽临床分度中有关中度异常值范围。     

慢性乙肝患者肝脏炎症程度的无创性评估

目的：通过前瞻性的研究以血清学指标无创性的评价肝组织的炎症程度。方法：对65例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行肝功能检测，包括谷丙转氨酶(ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、胆红素、胆汁酸（TBA）等，纤维化4项，包括Ⅳ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原氨基末端肽（PⅢP）、层连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）及HBV DNA定量测定， 同时进行外周血T细胞亚群测定。所有病例均行肝穿刺活组织检查，并进行组织学炎症分级及纤维化分期。结果：一些血清学指标与肝组织炎症分级有一定的相关性，以ALT、AST、HA相关性最好，相关系数分别为0．500、0．469、0．466。肝组织炎症越重，纤维化程度也相对越重，二者相关系数为0．579。HA在G4组明显升高，同其余3组相比有显著性差异。在各炎症分级ALT、AST数值分布较广，在各期有较大重叠。炎症较重组（G3、G4组）ALT、AST，GGT、TBA的异常率及B细胞、CD4＋T细胞比例，CD4与CD8比值均高于炎症较轻组（G1，G2组），有显著性差异。HBV DNA含量在各组间无显著性差异。结论：ALT、AST与肝组织炎症分级有较好的相关性，但无法划定其具体界值来判断炎症损害的轻重。肝组织 炎症越重，纤维化程度也越重，因而可导致与肝纤维化关系密切的HA水平的明显升高。血中病毒含量高低与肝脏炎症损伤的轻重无关。免疫功能状态与肝脏炎症损伤程度有关，细胞免疫和体液免疫可能都参与了对肝组织的炎症损害。     

常用肝功能指标诊断病毒性肝炎的多因素分析

目的 探讨肝功能指标间的内在联系，为临床诊断病毒性肝炎提供依据。方法 从指标间的数量关系出发，运用多因素统计分析方法，在206例病毒性肝炎患者对10项常用肝功能诊断指标总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、白朦（A／G）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草／谷丙比值（AST／ALT）进行聚类分析和类别回归分析。结果 10项指标分为5类：胆红素类（TBIL，DBIL，IBIL）、白、球蛋白类（ALB，GLB，A／G）、转氨酶类（ALT，AST）、转氨酶比值类（AST／ALT）、总蛋白（TP）。各类指标预示病情程度的作用大小为：胆红素类〉白、球蛋白类〉转氨酶类〉总蛋白类〉转氨酶化值类。在胆红素类中，TBIL的作用最大；在白、球白类中，A／G的作用最大。结论 胆红素和白、球蛋白类是判断病情的灵敏指标，其中又以TBIL和A／G比值更为重要。     

安珐特联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化28例

目的观察安珐特片联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法52例慢性乙型肝炎患者，分治疗组28例，口服安珐特联合恩替卡韦治疗；对照组24例，单纯1：3服恩替卡韦。追踪观察两组治疗前、后肝功能：总胆红素（Tbil）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、自蛋白（ALB）及血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、透明质酸（HA）、层黏连蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-c）等指标变化情况。结果治疗组在血清肝纤维化各项指标和A／G比值等方面较治疗前均有明显改善（P〈0．01），与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论安珐特联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎在抗纤维化方面有协同作用，同时可促进白蛋白的合成。     

余甘子抗慢性肝损伤性肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：观察余甘子（Phyllanthus emblica L.)抗慢性肝损伤性肝纤维化的作用，并揭示其作用机理。方法：采用四氯化碳（CCl4)建立小鼠肝纤维化, 余甘子水提醇沉物高，中，小剂量组并与秋水仙碱组作对照。观察小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT，天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），总蛋白（TP），白蛋白（Alb），肝组织羟脯氨酸（Hyp)及肝脏系数，肝脏组织病理改变。结果：各剂量余甘子可显著降低小鼠肝脏Hyp含量及血清ALT，AST的活性，抑制Alb和A／G比值的降低，减轻肝组织病理损害程度，其作用呈剂量依赖性。结论：余甘子对实验性慢性肝损伤具有保护肝细胞，减少肝损伤，抗肝纤维化作用。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性

[目的]观察复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯(ADM)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(慢乙肝)肝纤维化疗效.[方法]慢乙肝患者48例,随机分为2组,每组24例,A组以复方鳖甲软肝片与阿德福韦酯联合治疗,B组单独以阿德福韦酯治疗.观察2组治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆红素(SB)的复常率及血清肝纤维化指标变化.[结果]治疗结束时,AST、SB复常率2组问差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血清肝纤维化指标2组相比差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢乙肝肝纤维化有较好疗效.     

乙型肝炎患者中弓形虫感染的调查

为研究乙肝患弓形虫感染情况及影响因素,将保定市传染病院和二五二医院传染性住院确诊为乙肝的患（均为保定地区人）326例作为研究对象,其中男性248例,女性78例,同时以148例健康（无临床疾病表现,血、尿、便常规检查阴性,乙肝两对半阴性）和127例经B超检验,诊断为单纯脂肪肝患（经抽血化排除了乙肝病毒感染）做对照,用ELISA法检测血清中的弓形虫循环抗原和抗体。结果显示乙肝患中弓形虫感染率为19．33％（63／326）,明显高于健康3．38％（5／148）是否高于30U／L、血清胆红素（SB）含量异常增高（＞17．1μmol/L）、白蛋白含量降低（＜30g／L)及A／G值低于1有关,而与性别、HbeAg是否阳性无关,表明乙肝患中弓形虫感染率高于正常人群及单纯脂肪肝患,并与肝功能损伤程度有关。     

HBeAg阴性与阳性慢性乙型肝炎的临床病理对比研究

目的从临床及病理学两个层面分析HBeAg阴性与HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（以下简称慢乙肝）的特征,比较其血清生化指标变化、病毒载量水平及肝组织病理改变的特点。方法选取慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者67例,行超声引导下快速肝穿刺活检,并分别检测血清ALT、AST、TBil、A/G及HBVDNA定量,将结果进行对比分析。结果67例CHB患者中,HBeAg阴性24例（35.82%）,阳性43例（64.18%）。HBeAg阴性慢乙肝与HBeAg阳性慢乙肝比较,阴性组血清ALT水平升高较阳性组明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其血清AST、TBil、A/G两组比较均无明显差异。两组HBVDNA定量水平比较,阴性组低于阳性组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组肝组织病理学改变无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论HBeAg阴性慢乙肝患者存在不同程度肝功能损害和病理损伤,应给予高度重视,有条件时应进行肝穿刺活检,以便及早诊断和治疗。     

ALT低于2倍正常值上限的慢性HBV感染者肝脏病理结果的预测因素分析

目的探索在ALT2倍正常值上限(2×ULN)的慢性HBV感染人群中,一般临床指标对肝脏病理结果的预测作用。方法收集2009年1月至2013年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的122例ALT2×ULN的慢性HBV感染者,在超声引导下行肝穿刺活组织检查术,判断肝组织炎症活动度及纤维化程度,同期化验肝功能、乙型肝炎血清标志物、HBV DNA等指标,应用Logistic回归分析法探索该类患者的一般临床指标对其肝脏病理结果的预测作用。结果 122名患者中有明显炎症或纤维化(G≥2或S≥2)者共94例(77.0%),早期肝硬化者5例(4.1%)。G2组与G≥2组相比,除HBV DNA外,其余各指标间差异均无统计学意义;S2组与S≥2组相比,年龄、HBeAg、HBV DNA、AST、血小板差异均有统计学意义;Logistic回归分析提示,年龄、HBeAg和AST是肝脏明显纤维化(S≥2)的独立预测因子。结论对血清ALT2×ULN的慢性HBV感染者,年龄40岁、HBeAg阴性、AST40U/L者应积极进行肝穿刺活组织检查术,必要时尽早抗病毒治疗。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者拉米夫定治疗后肝组织学的改变

目的 评价国产拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者1年后肝组织学改变。方法 口服拉米夫定100mg,每日1次,疗程1年,治疗前、后均接受肝穿刺活检的慢性乙型肝炎患者101例。按照Kondell组织学活动指数(HAI)双盲评价肝组织学改变。结果 治疗后53.5％(54/101)患者肝组织学改善(治疗后HAI积分下降≥2),HAI积分由治疗前的8.0±4.7下降至治疗后5.2±3.3(t=7.358,P<0.01);其中51.5％(52/101)患者坏死炎症程度改善(治疗后积分下降≥2),坏死炎症积分由5.9±3.8下降至3.6±2.5;31.7％(32/101)患者纤维化程度改善(治疗后积分下降≥1),纤维化积分由2.1±1.2下降至1.6±1.2(t-3.827,P<0.01)。无论治疗结束是否发生乙型肝炎病毒e抗原血清转换,患者的肝脏组织学均明显改善。结论 国产拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎1年后,肝组织学的坏死炎症和肝纤维化程度均获明显改善。     

171例慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者临床与肝组织病理分析

目的:观察171例HBV DNA阳性的慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者临床检测指标与肝脏组织病理的关系.方法:将171例患者分为4组,A组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)≤0.5 ×ULN(正常值上限),B组0.5 ×ULN＜ALT≤1×ULN,C组1×ULN＜ ALT≤2×ULN,D组2×ULN＜ ALT≤5 × ULN,观察各组患者肝脏炎症分级(G)和纤维化分期(S)的差异,进一步分析各组炎症分级和纤维化分期与其他肝脏生化学指标如天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血小板(PLT).及肝纤维化模型(APRI,以AST/PLT比值的统计量作为数字化模型)的关系.结果:A组25％患者肝组织炎症为G2,B组和C组分别有16.4％、49.2％患者肝组织炎症分级为G2～G3,不同ALT组间肝组织炎症分级的差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),随着ALT水平升高,肝组织G2～G3检出比例增加;171例患者不同肝组织炎症分级组,球蛋白(Glo)、AST、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、PLT、APRI的差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05);不同肝组织纤维化分期组,年龄、HBeAg状态、白蛋白(Alb)、AST、GGT、PLT、HBV DNA、APRI的差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05),其中随着纤维化程度进展,AST、APRI值逐渐升高,Alb、PLT逐渐下降.结论:HBV DNA阳性的慢性HBV感染者,即使ALT正常,仍有不同程度的肝组织炎症和纤维化改变,需综合观察年龄、AST、GGT、APRI、HBeAg状态和HBV DNA水平,必要时建议患者行肝脏穿刺病理检查,以准确了解肝脏疾病进展.     

Viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To investigate the viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B patients and the role of fat deposits in liver damage. METHODS: A total of 164 patients (113 males and 51 females, average age 35±11.3 years, and range 10-62 years) with previously untreated chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the result of liver biopsy: group without steatosis (100 patients with <5% hepatosteatosis) and group with steatosis (64 patients with >5% hepatosteatosis). The groups were compared in terms of gender, body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), cholesterol, triglyceride, HBeAg, viral load, and histological findings. In the group with steatosis, the patients were subdivided depending on the degree of steatosis into mild group (45 patients with 5-24% steatosis), and severe group (19 patients with >25% steatosis). RESULTS: In the group of chronic hepatitis B with steatosis, the mean age, BMI, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than those in the group without steatosis (P<0.05). Steatosis was found in 53 (46.9%) of male patients and 11 (22%) of female patients (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the positivity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, HBeAg, viral load, histological activity index (HAI) and stage between the two groups (P>0.05). In the group with severe steatosis, the BMI was significantly higher than that in the group with mild steatosis (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the other parameters between the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B appears to be a result of metabolic factors of the host rather than the effect of viruses. Steatosis is unrelated to the HAI and degree of fibrosis, which are considered as the histological indicators of liver damage.     

P21 expression and its relation to disease activity and hepatocyte proliferation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: P21 protein, a cell cycle regulatory protein expressed in the liver, acts as an inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase and prevents progression of the cell cycle. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the relationships between P21 protein expression and hepatocyte proliferation, hepatitis B virus replication, and hepatitis activity. METHODS: A total of 66 patients with chronic hepatitis B without cirrhosis were included in the study. These patients were evaluated in three different groups according to the degree of viral replication and the disease activity. Group 1: HBeAg-positive patients with active liver disease and with viral replication, group 2: HBeAg-negative patients with active liver disease and with viral replication, and group 3: HBeAg-negative inactive carriers. P21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were immunohistochemically stained and a labeling index was calculated for each protein. RESULTS: A total of 32 (48.4%) patients were positive for nuclear P21 expression. All three groups had a similar P21 index. proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index, hepatit B virus DNA levels, ALT levels, and HAI scores were not different in patients with and without P21 staining. Spearman's correlation analysis found no correlation between P21 staining and ALT and hepatit B virus DNA levels, HAI score and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the pattern of P21 expression is not associated with histological activity, hepatocyte proliferation and virus replication in patients with well-compensated chronic hepatitis B.     

Relationship between hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM： To study the relationship between hepatitis B virus （HBV） DNA levels and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） and to determine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） negative patients.
METHODS： A total of 213 patients with CHB were studied, and serum HBV DNA levels were measured by the COBAS Amplicor HBV Monitor test. All patients were divided into two groups according to the HBeAg status.The correlation between serum HBV DNA levels and liver damage （liver histology and biochemistry） was explored.
RESULTS： Of the 213 patients with serum HBV DNA levels higher than 10^5 copies/mL, 178 （83.6%） were HBeAg positive, 35 （16.4%） were HBeAg negative. The serum HBV DNA levels were not correlated to the age,history of CHB, histological grade and stage of liver disease in either HBeAg negative or HBeAg positive patients. There was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferanse （ALT）,aspartate aminotrans-ferase （AST） in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients, there was no correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and AST,while serum DNA levels correlated with ALT （r = 0.351, P = 0.042）. The grade （G） of liver disease correlated with ALT and AST （P 〈 0.05, r = 0.205, 0.327 respectively）in HBeAg positive patients. In HBeAg negative patients,correlations were shown between ALT, AST and the G （P 〈 0.01, and r = 0.862, 0.802 respectively）. HBeAg negative patients were older （35 ± 9 years vs 30 ±9 years, P 〈 0.05 ） and had a longer history of HBV infection （8 ± 4 years vs 6 ± 4 years, P 〈 0.05） and a lower HBV DNA level than HBeAg positive patients （8.4± 1.7 Log HBV DNA vs 9.8 ± 1.3 Log HBV DNA, P 〈0.001）. There were no significant differences in sex ratio,ALT and AST levels and liver histology between the two groups.
CONCLUSION： Serum HBV DNA level is not correlated to histological grade or stage of liver disease in CHB patients with HBV DNA mor     

肝活组织检查确诊乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床高危因素分析

目的分析由肝活组织检查确诊乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床高危因素。方法采用1∶2配比的病例对照研究设计。收集2009年4月-2012年10月住院并行肝活组织检查的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的临床资料,将其中乙型肝炎肝硬化患者79例设为病例组(肝硬化组);同期住院的CHB非肝硬化患者158例设为对照组(非肝硬化组)。对2组的临床相关因素进行单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析。单因素分析中,计数资料比较采用卡方检验,计量资料采用t检验。然后选择有统计学意义的指标进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果单因素分析显示肝硬化组的男性例数、HBeAg阴性例数、年龄、AST、GGT、IgG、透明质酸(HA)水平明显高于非肝硬化组,而Alb、PLT、HBV DNA、层粘连蛋白(LN)水平肝硬化组明显低于非肝硬化组,2组差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。以是否肝硬化为因变量,以其他因素为自变量,进行非条件的Logistic多因素回归分析,结果显示年龄增大(β=0.046,OR=0.955)、GGT升高(β=0.040,OR=0.960)、IgG升高(β=0.179,OR=0.836)是发生肝硬化的高危因素,而Alb升高(β=-0.114,OR=1.120)、PLT升高(β=-0.024,OR=1.024)是肝硬化的保护因素。结论年龄增大、Alb减低、GGT升高、PLT减低、IgG升高是ALT波动在0~80 U/L之间的CHB患者发生肝硬化的高危因素,临床中对于此类患者应注意监测上述指标,特别是对PLT、IgG、GGT指标的检测,有针对性地进行肝活组织病理检查,避免漏诊、误诊。     

Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B based on histological grade and stage

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study evaluated the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of chronic hepatitis B, based on histological grade and stage. METHODS: A total of 188 patients with chronic hepatitis B were followed for a mean 119.8 months. Ultrasonography and clinical assessment were performed regularly. In addition, liver biopsy specimens were re-evaluated based on histological grade and stage. RESULTS: During follow-up, cirrhosis developed in 62 patients, decompensation in 20 patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 21 patients. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level at the time of liver biopsy was significantly correlated with the grades of lobular and porto-periportal activity. The development of cirrhosis correlated well with the grade of porto-periportal activity and stage of fibrosis. The probabilities of developing cirrhosis, decompensation and HCC were significantly higher in patients whose ALT levels were persistently elevated without flares or flared-up without normalization than in patients whose ALT levels flared-up then normalized or were normally sustained. By multivariate analysis, age and biochemical profile during follow-up were independent prognostic factors for chronic hepatitis B. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that histological grade and stage, and biochemical profile during follow-up in patients with chronic hepatitis B are important prognostic factors. Therefore, effective control of hepatitis activity might improve the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B patients.     

乙型肝炎的自身抗体检测分析及临床意义

目的：检测乙型肝炎自身抗体的阳性率,探讨乙型肝炎自身抗体存在的临床意义。方法：分别采用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）和免疫印迹法（Western-blot）检测453例乙型肝炎、162例自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和96例正常人抗核抗体（ANA）的阳性率、ANA阳性滴度、核型和抗双链DNA抗体（dsDNA）的阳性率以及肝炎相关自身抗体：抗平滑肌抗体（SMA）、抗肝肾微粒体抗体（LKM）的阳性率。应用酶法检测患者的ALT和AST,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测HBV DNA。结果：①乙肝组ANA的阳性率为22．7％,ANA以低滴度（1：100）为主,仅3例乙肝后肝硬化的滴度为1：320;ANA核型以均质型为主,仅5例为斑点型,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。其中急性乙肝、慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化ANA的阳性率分别为5．2％、22．8％、24．2％和37．9％,慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化患者ANA的阳性率显著高于急性乙肝（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,乙肝后肝硬化组明显高于乙肝炎组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。②ANA阳性乙肝患者伴有dsDNA抗体,用Western-blot法检测dsDNA的阳性率为10．34％,显著高于ANA阴性的乙肝患者（P〈0．05）,乙肝组如DNA的阳性率为2．42％与AIH组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乙型肝炎存在SMA和LKM,但仅有较低的阳性率分别为4．63％和3．31％,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。④乙型肝炎ANA阳性组的ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于ANA阴性组（P〈0．05）;乙肝组ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于AIH组（P〈0．01）。结论：HBV感染不仅引起肝组织损害,还诱导产生多种以低滴度为主的自身抗体。自身抗体的产生与肝损伤程度有一定相关性,并与HBV复制水平相关;其在探讨乙肝发生、发展机制和病因研究中有一定的意义。     

Aspartate aminotransferase : alanine aminotransferase ratio in chronic hepatitis C infection: Is it a useful predictor of cirrhosis?

BACKGROUND: The clinical usefulness of the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been explored in several liver disorders. It has been suggested that in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection an AST:ALT > or = 1 has 100% specificity and positive predictive value in distinguishing cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic patients. Such statistical certainty attached to a simple biochemical test merits further evaluation. The present study, therefore, assessed the AST:ALT in patients with chronic HCV infection to determine the validity of the ratio in predicting cirrhosis and to correlate the ratio with the histological grade of necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 153 patients with chronic HCV infection was conducted. Serum biochemistry had been obtained within a mean of 4 weeks of liver biopsy. The histology was scored in terms of activity and fibrosis as described by Scheuer and correlated with AST:ALT. RESULTS: In 30 patients with cirrhosis, the mean AST:ALT (0.99 +/- 0.06) was higher than in 123 patients without cirrhosis (0.60 +/- 0.02; P < 0.001). A ratio > or = 1 had 95.9% specificity and 73.7% positive predictive value in distinguishing cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic patients, with a 46.7% sensitivity and 88.1% negative predictive value. The ratio also parallelled the Scheuer score with respect to fibrosis but not with respect to inflammation. CONCLUSION: Although relatively insensitive, an AST:ALT > or = 1 is highly specific but not diagnostic for the presence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. The ratio reflects the grade of fibrosis in these patients.