原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌并肝胆期低信号异常灌注一例及文献复习

正患者,女性,58岁。因"反复上腹部不适1个月余,加重3 d"于2019年6月3日收入我院。1992年因胃溃疡出血行"胃大部切除术",既往丙型病毒性肝炎病史,2017年4月因胆囊结石胆囊炎行"腹腔镜下胆囊切除术"。实验室检查:AFP17.67 ng/ml,CEA 9.45 ng/ml,CA199 49.13 U/ml,CA125 17.29 U/ml, CA15-3 13.05 U/ml; HBsAg(-),HBsAb (+),HBeAg (-),HBeAb (+),HBcAb(+),抗HCV (+),HCV RNA 7.85×10~4IU/ml。超声检查示肝左叶不均质回声团块(图1)。胃镜、肠镜检查未示明显异常。CT示平扫病灶呈     

肝外胆管神经内分泌癌2例报告

<正>1病例资料病例1:患者女性,56岁,因"发现皮肤巩膜黄染3 d"于2017年4月入本院。查体:皮肤巩膜黄染,腹软。入院后查肝功能示:AST 262. 4 U/L、ALT 449. 4 U/L、GGT 958. 0 U/L、ALP344. 8 U/L、TBil 191. 0μmol/L、DBil 121. 3μmol/L。肿瘤标志物检测示:CA19-9 702. 85 U/ml、神经元特异性烯醇化酶53. 99 ng/ml、CA242 44. 4 U/ml。腹部CT平扫及增强示:肝门区见团块样软组织密度影,大小约9. 3 cm×6. 6 cm,动脉期强化不均匀,静脉期及平衡期强化程度略减低,与胆囊、胃窦分界     

胰腺腺鳞癌1例报告

患者男性 ,5 8岁 ,因纳差 8月 ,左上腹隐痛 5月 ,腰背部疼痛 10d入住本院。入院查体 :生命体征稳定 ,慢性消瘦病容 ,浅表淋巴结未及肿大 ,腹平软 ,肝脾肋下未及 ,左上腹有一 5cm左右包块 ,质硬 ,稍有压痛 ,边界不清 ,腹部移动性浊音阴性。腹部CT示胰尾部占位 7× 5cm ,肝左叶 2 .5× 1.6cm的局限性低密度影。CA 199>10 0 0u/ml,CA 5 0 117.6u/ml ,CA 2 42 76.1u/ml,CEA 7.4ng/ml。诊断胰腺癌伴肝转移。入院后行手术治疗 ,术中发现胰尾部巨大占位 ,与胃后壁、脾、横结肠、左肾包膜、门静脉、肠系膜上静脉、腹腔动脉、肝动脉及后腹膜广泛…     

CA242是一种新的胰腺癌标记物

本文目的为评价新的胰癌标记物CA242的诊断价值并与CA199、CA50、CEA作比较。 方法:1986年3月至1991年5月间采集300例手术前患者和30例健康对照者的血清,其中68例胰管癌,24例其他胰腺肿瘤,57例急性胰腺炎,29例慢性胰腺炎,90例有上消化道良性疾病,32例恶性病变,CA242测定用两步DELFIA三明治法,正常上限定为20U/ml,CA19-9上限为37U/ml,CA50上限为17U/ml,CEA上限为5ng/ml。 结果:胰癌患者的CA242值为0.2～119400U/ml,平均4360±16300U/ml,慢性胰腺炎22.5±35.5U/ml,胆石症13.1±13.1U/ml,正常人9.7±4.4U/ml,其他恶性肿瘤4321±12348U/ml。CA242、CA19-9及CA50对胰癌的敏感性相应为66.2％、70.6％及     

糖链抗原19-9对可切除肝门部胆管癌患者预后及早期复发的预测价值

目的探讨手术前后肿瘤标志物糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平对可切除肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)患者生存预后及早期复发的预测作用。方法选择2001年1月-2013年12月于陕西中医药大学第二附属医院接受根治性切除术治疗的HCCA患者80例。根据患者病历信息及检查资料,记录HCCA患者年龄、性别等临床资料。应用电化学发光法测定血清CA19-9水平。术前、术后CA19-9截断点预测HCCA患者生存率的截断点分为≤100 U/ml、100 U/ml组,≤150 U/ml、150 U/ml组,≤200 U/ml、200 U/ml组,≤400 U/ml、400 U/ml组。采用Kaplan-Meier法比较CA19-9≤150 U/ml和CA19-9150 U/ml组,CA19-9升高、CA19-9降低≤50%和CA19-9降低50%组生存率差异。应用单因素、多因素非条件logistic回归分析手术前后CA19-9水平与临床资料的关系。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果术前不同CA19-9截断点100 U/ml、150 U/ml、200 U/ml、400 U/ml预测HCCA根治性切除术患者生存时间的差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.85、3.66、2.84、2.55,P值均0.05);术后不同CA19-9截断点100 U/ml、150 U/ml、200 U/ml、400 U/ml预测HCCA根治性切除术患者生存时间的差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.06、4.55、3.08、5.15,P值均0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,术前CA19-9≤150 U/ml的HCCA根治性切除术患者生存率显著高于术前CA19-9150 U/ml患者(P0.05);术后CA19-9≤150 U/ml的HCCA根治性切除术患者生存率显著高于术后CA19-9150 U/ml患者(P0.05)。手术前后CA19-9升高的HCCA根治性切除术患者生存率显著高于手术前后CA19-9降低≤50%和CA19-9降低50%患者(P值均0.05)。单因素、多因素分析结果显示,HCCA根治性切除术患者术前CA19-9水平与淋巴结转移、早期复发有关(P值均0.05);术后CA19-9水平与早期复发有关(P0.05)。结论手术前后CA19-9水平可预测可切除HCCA患者生存及早期复发。手术前后CA19-9水平升高提示HCCA患者易早期复发及较差的生存结局。     

胸腹腔恶性积液、多发淋巴结肿大、盆腔包块

病历摘要患者女,63岁,因胸腹腔恶性积液化疗5周期后1个月,腹胀10余天,于2006年8月7日入院。患者6个月前曾因腹胀1月半入院,当时查体:浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,心肺未发现明显异常,腹膨隆,移动性浊音(+),妇科检查:子宫左后方触及6 cm×7 cm×7 cm实性包块。ESR 40 mm/h。血CA125 3487 U/ml,CA153>300 U/ml,LDH 325 U/ml。结肠镜未见异常。胸腹部MRI示左胸水并左肺后部受压膨胀不全;腹水。全数字乳腺检查示双侧乳腺退化不全,双侧副乳并右侧增生,右乳淋巴结饱满并成簇沙粒样钙化,建议手术取病理。盆腔B超示子宫左后方5.2 cm×4.3 cm×3.6 c…     

混合型肝癌伴肉瘤样变1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者男性,56岁,因"持续性右上腹痛10 d"于2015年12月21日入本院治疗。既往乙型肝炎病史10年,未行抗病毒治疗。体格检查:中上腹明显压痛以及肝区扣击痛。生化检查:AFP 2804. 00 ng/ml,AFP异质体L3325. 80 ng/ml,CEA 3. 85ng/ml,CA19-9 0. 6 U/ml; HBsA g阳性,HBV DNA 6. 55×10~3IU/ml。超声示:肝右后叶实性肿物,中高回声伴散在液性区,     

肉瘤样肝细胞癌合并瘤内出血1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者女性,36岁,因"间断性上腹部疼痛10余天"入院。既往体健。查体:意识较差,贫血貌,睑结膜苍白,皮肤、巩膜无黄染。全腹软,上腹部压痛明显,无反跳痛及腹肌紧张。实验室检查:肝肾功能、电解质、血糖、血脂未见异常。乙型肝炎两对半检查、丙型肝炎抗体阴性。血常规:Hb 85 g/L;肿瘤标志物:AFP 0.8 ng/ml(正常值20.00 ng/ml),CEA 0.69ng/ml(正常值5.00 ng/ml),CA12-5 23.07 U/ml(正常值35.00 U/ml),CA19-9 11.13 U/ml。肝胆     

影像学表现为肝内胆管细胞癌的双表型肝细胞癌1例报告

1病例资料患者男性,63岁,因体检发现上腹部肝左叶占位,考虑恶性肿瘤,于2018年10月23日收入南通大学附属医院肝胆外科。患者自诉有慢性HBV病史30余年,未正规治疗,否认家族性肝癌病史。查体:全腹未及肿块,肝区无叩痛,肝脾肋下未触及。肿瘤指标:癌胚抗原16.7 ng/ml,血清铁蛋白>2000 ng/ml,CA19-97289.8 U/ml,AFP 3.57 ng/ml,CA72-41.10 U/ml。异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)46.00 mAU/ml。HBV核酸定量<1000拷贝/ml。HBsAg阳性(48.80 ng/ml),抗-HBe阳性(>6.00 PEIU/ml),抗-HBc阳性(6.52 PEIU/ml)。胸苷激酶1测定:细胞质胸苷激酶0.49 PM。上腹部增强CT示:肝占位,考虑肝内胆管细胞癌(图1)。     

胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤致胰胸瘘一例

患者女性,14岁.因"反复胸痛并发胸水1年"入院.曾在当地医院多次穿刺引流及对症支持治疗,但病因未明.体检:左侧胸腔叩诊浊音,腹部无包块,无压痛,移动性浊音(-).X线示左侧胸腔积液.B超示胰尾部体积增大,最厚处约28 mm,左侧胸腔液性暗区.CT示胰尾部占位性病变.ERCP示胰腺尾部造影剂弥散呈不规则形.实验室检查:血淀粉酶181 U/L,脂肪酶383 U/L,CA19-9:6.37 IU/ml,CAl25:40.33 IU/ml.人院当日行胸腔积液穿刺引流,胸水淀粉酶13000 U/L,常规检测未见细菌,未查到抗酸杆菌,李凡他实验(+),脱落细胞(-).     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.