Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

消化性溃疡病证关系探讨

本文通过对消化性溃疡病理因素、溃疡大小、部位，分期、有无活动性炎症等与溃疡病表现证型的关系探讨，以及证型与证微观定量指标的关系探讨，指出同一种溃疡病之所以表现为不同证型，关键可能在于内环境状态的差异，肝胃不和证、脾气虚证、肝郁脾虚证内环境状态的差别，或许是其不同临床表现的内在根源。     

On the State of the Iron and the Nature of the Ligand in Oxyhemoglobin

The structure of the oxygenated heme group of oxyhemoglobin may be formulated as [Hb(Heme d(1/2) (5)).OO(-)]. The heme iron atom is formally ferric, and the ligand is bound superoxide anion. When deoxyhemoglobin combines reversibly with oxygen a partial transfer of an electron occurs from the ferrous iron atom to the oxygen molecule. By surrendering its electron the iron atom has become ferric; in accepting an electron the ligated oxygen molecule has become a new species, the bound superoxide anion (.OO(-)).The configuration of the heme iron atom is deduced from comparison of the optical spectrum in the visible region of oxyhemoglobin with that of alkaline ferric hemoglobin whose configuration is established by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The configuration of both species is low spin ferric heme iron (Heme d(1/2) (5)). The configuration of the ligated oxygen molecule of oxyhemoglobin is not accessible to study by magnetic or optical probes. However it may be known by analogy with the configuration of the ligated oxygen molecule of reversibly oxygenated cobalt complexes whose structure has been proved by both electron paramagnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction analysis. It is bound superoxide anion (.OO(-)). Other physical studies bearing on the structure of the oxygenated heme group are discussed. Reasons are given for believing that the proposed formulation of the oxyhemoglobin structure is consistent with the known stability of oxyhemoglobin.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9