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1.
[摘要] 目的?分析陕西省宝鸡市2010—2019年手足口病流行特征及时空聚集性,为本市的手足口病防控提供理论依据。方法? 收集宝鸡市2010—2019年手足口病发病数据和病原学监测结果,建立数据库,分析手足口病流行特征及优势病原谱的变化,再应用ArcGIS 10.1系统对手足口病发病进行空间自相关及热点分析。结果?2010—2019年宝鸡市累计报告手足口病35 546例,平均发病率为94.62/10万,男性发病率高于女性(χ2=1031.484,P=0.000);各年龄组发病率不同(χ2趋势=61 405.833,P=0.000),其中1~2岁组年平均发病率最高(2572.65/10万)。宝鸡市手足口病病原谱的构成:2010年优势病原为Cox A16(65.14%),2011年、2012年和2014年优势病原为EV-A71(82.67%、48.97%和54.87%),2013年、2015—2018年均以其他肠道病毒为主(62.11%、49.34%、53.02%、42.29%、80.50%),2019年Cox A16和其他肠道病毒比例相当(55.42% vs. 43.07%),各年间优势病原分布不同(χ2=874.879,P=0.000)。全局自相关分析发现2014年、2017年、2018年、2019年具有空间聚集性,高值聚集区为本市南部地区及主城区。结论?陕西省宝鸡市手足口病发病存在时空聚集性,应加强重点地区疫情防控,制定针对性防控措施。   相似文献   

2.
目的 分析2012—2021年甘肃省张掖市乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行病学特征,为乙肝防控提供依据。方法 运用描述流行病学方法分析乙肝流行病学特征,以Joinpoint回归模型分析乙肝发病率变化趋势。结果2012—2021年张掖市累计报告乙肝4 204例,年均发病率34.38/10万,发病率整体有所下降(AAPC=-1.90%);男性年均发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=270.600,P<0.05),发病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(趋势χ2=1 438.930,P<0.05),60岁~组年均发病率最高(59.20/10万),职业以农牧民为主(占80.52%);高台县发病率最高(61.79/10万)。结论2012—2021年张掖市乙肝发病率整体有所下降,但目前仍是危害张掖市社会劳动力身体健康的重要因素;应继续开展新生儿乙肝疫苗接种,同时大力推广成年人疫苗接种,继续做好健康教育,加强医务人员乙肝诊断及报告培训。  相似文献   

3.
目的 分析2012—2019年新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州(简称伊犁州)人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中伊犁州报告的布鲁氏菌病例相关资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果 2012—2019年伊犁州共报告布鲁氏菌病例8 287例,报告发病率38.72/10万,总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ2=594.228,P<0.05),发病高峰期在3—8月;不同县(市)报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.836,P<0.05);男性6 054例、女性2 233例,报告发病率分别为28.29/10万和10.43/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.584,P<0.05);以农民为主、占75.46%,不同职业人群报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=274.328,P<0.05)。结论 2012—2019年伊犁州人间布鲁氏菌病发病率总体呈上升趋势,农民为主要感染人群;应加强基层医疗机构布鲁氏菌病诊断和报告意识,提升布鲁氏菌病防控综合能力。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析2012—2019年新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州(简称伊犁州)人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中伊犁州报告的布鲁氏菌病例相关资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果 2012—2019年伊犁州共报告布鲁氏菌病例8 287例,报告发病率38.72/10万,总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ2=594.228,P<0.05),发病高峰期在3—8月;不同县(市)报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=594.228,P<0.05),发病高峰期在3—8月;不同县(市)报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.836,P<0.05);男性6 054例、女性2 233例,报告发病率分别为28.29/10万和10.43/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.836,P<0.05);男性6 054例、女性2 233例,报告发病率分别为28.29/10万和10.43/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.584,P<0.05);以农民为主、占75.46%,不同职业人群报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.584,P<0.05);以农民为主、占75.46%,不同职业人群报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=274.328,P<0.05)。结论 2012—2019年伊犁州人间布鲁氏菌病发病率总体呈上升趋势,农民为主要感染人群;应加强基层医疗机构布鲁氏菌病诊断和报告意识,提升布鲁氏菌病防控综合能力。  相似文献   

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目的 分析2011—2021年甘肃省庆阳市风疹监测病例的流行病学特征,为制定风疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统中导出2011—2021年庆阳市风疹报告病例,采用描述流行病学方法统计分析数据。结果 2011—2021年庆阳市共报告风疹确诊病例304例,报告发病率为1.21/10万,其中2011—2013年发病率呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=9.857,P<0.05),2015年报告发病率出现小高峰(0.49/10万),2016—2018年保持低水平流行趋势(趋势χ2=5.148,P<0.05),2019年发病率达历史最高值(11.12/10万),无死亡病例发生;各县(区)均有确诊病例报告,发病率居前三位的县(区)为西峰区(2.48/10万)、环县(1.69/10万)和正宁县(1.66/10万);发病时间主要集中在3—6月,报告284例、占病例总数的93.42%;男女病例性别比为1.16∶1,男性年均报告发病率(1.30/10万)高于女性(1.17/10万),差异无统计学意义(χ2  相似文献   

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目的 分析福建省武夷山市乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)的流行特征,为做好乙肝防控工作提供参考依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的传染病报告信息管理系统导出2017—2021年武夷山市乙肝疫情资料,应用描述流行病学方法分析流行特征。结果 2017—2021年共报告乙肝病例955例,报告发病率呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=111.615,P<0.05);无明显季节性,年均报告发病率79.16/10万,农村(106.26/10万)高于城市(65.86/10万);病例性别比为2.5:1,职业以农民居多、占43.98%,年龄主要在30~59岁、占70.26%,不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=320.990,P<0.05)。结论 近年来武夷山市乙肝发病水平总体下降;应继续加强儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作,进一步扩大疫苗接种范围,重点加强农村居民及男性人群的乙肝防控工作。  相似文献   

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目的?2013—2022年对重庆市大足区水痘流行特征进行分析,为更好地制定水痘防控措施提供科学依据。方法?用描述性流行病学方法对水痘的发病特征进行分析,利用ARIMA模型进行水痘发病趋势预测。结果?2013—2022年重庆市大足区累计报告水痘病例5 112例,年均发病率为65.10/10万,总体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势= 2 271.262,P=0.001)。每年10—12月为水痘发病高峰,5—7月为发病次高峰。时空扫描统计共扫描到3个聚集区,智凤街道、石马镇、棠香街道为最可能聚集区域。男性年发病率(70.40/10万)高于女性(59.54 /10万)。发病主要以15岁以下人群为主,5~9岁为高发年龄段。共报告水痘疫情17起,以小学、托幼机构为主。ARIMA 模型预测结果显示,2023年预测发病较2022年有所下降,但3—5月和9—11月仍可能会出现发病高峰。结论?大足区水痘发病呈逐年上升趋势;发病呈双峰分布;男性发病率高于女性;儿童和学生为主要发病群体。应继续加强水痘的监测和防控,加强疾病防护及疫苗接种的宣传,提高水痘疫苗接种率。  相似文献   

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目的 分析2012—2021年新疆生产建设兵团第六师乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的流行病学特征,为制定乙肝防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,统计分析2012—2021年第六师乙肝疫情资料。结果 共报告乙肝新发病例1 961例,年新报告发病率为56.66/10万,不同年度新报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=339.473,P<0.05),整体呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=24.093,P<0.05);全年各月均有乙肝新发病例报告,无明显的季节性分布。第六师15个行政区均有乙肝新发病例报告,各行政区年均新报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=362.130,P<0.05);不同性别年均新报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.929,P<0.05);各年龄组均有乙肝新发病例报告,集中在40~59岁,不同年龄组年均新报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 712.736,P<0.05);农民新发病例数最多477例、占24.33%。结论 近年来第六师乙肝疫情呈...  相似文献   

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目的 分析2010—2019年甘肃省靖远县乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行特征及变化趋势,为制定和调整防控策略提供依据,并提出精准防控措施。方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析靖远县2010—2019年乙肝报告发病情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测病例乙肝五项血清学指标,包括表面抗原(HBsAg)、表面抗体(HBsAb)、核心抗体(HBcAb)、e抗原(HBeAg)和e抗体(HBeAb),以及1~15岁儿童HBsAg并分析结果。结果 2010—2019年靖远县累计报告乙肝病例3 708例、年平均发病率为27.36/10万,乙肝报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ2=897.131,P<0.05)。1~15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率2010年为4.67%、2012年为2.67%、2018年为1.33%,呈下降趋势(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.046)。3 708例病例中,符合诊断报告标准的病例2 979例、符合诊断报告率为80.34%。结论 2010—2019年靖远县乙肝发病率仍然较高,但随着乙肝疫苗免疫策略的实施和各医疗机构对乙肝病例报告的进一步规范,乙肝报告...  相似文献   

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目的 探索新疆喀什市黑热病的流行病学特征,总结切合实际的工作方法和防控措施,为喀什市制定黑热病防控措施提供依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统中2011—2020年喀什市黑热病报告数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011—2020年喀什市报告黑热病病例69例,年均发病率1.26/10万,呈低度流行状态;发病率2011年最高为5.63/10万(22例);病例主要分布在浩罕乡(24例,34.78%)和伯什克然木乡(20例,28.98%),男性(40例)高于女性(29例),男女性别比1.38∶1;发病高峰在0岁~组儿童、占31.88%,10岁以下儿童共报告27例、占39.13%;散居儿童位居首位、占34.79%,其次为农民(30.43%)、学生(14.49%)和家务及待业人员(11.59%)。结论 近十年新疆喀什市黑热病发病总体呈下降态势,应继续实施综合性防控措施,加强重点人群监测,控制黑热病的流行。  相似文献   

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Glucose concentration in the amniotic fluid decreases towards the end of gestation, whereas the insulin concentration increases. The ratio between fetal (amniotic fluid) glucose to maternal glucose is reduced by about 50% at the end of pregnancy, whereas the ratio of C peptide is increased four times. The higher glucose concentration in amniotic fluid in early pregnancy could be explained by a lower fetal metabolic rate in the early stage of development and a low insulin activity of the fetus.  相似文献   

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As the increase in lifespan brings to light diseases that were previously not clinically detectable, osteoporosis has become an issue of worldwide significance. The disease is marked by a loss of bone mass; the bones become less dense, fragile and more prone to fracturing. Because it is regulated by endocrine and environmental factors, osteoporosis presents a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, with the genetic component accounting for 70% of an individual variation in bone mass density (BMD), the principal determinant, with age, of fracture risk. Pathological conditions such as celiac disease (CD) exacerbate the process of bone loss, so that the occurrence of osteoporosis in celiac subjects is of particular note: indeed, the screening of osteoporosis patients for this disease is advisable, since it may be the only sign of undiagnosed CD. An increase in interleukin IL-1β, of the IL-1 system, in the relatives of celiac patients confirms the genetic predisposition to osteoporosis and its presence is evidence of an association between the two conditions. The direct effect on the bones of CD is secondary to poor absorption of calcium and vitamin D. In women osteoporosis is indirectly associated with early menopause and amenorrhea, and it may follow prolonged breast-feeding and frequent pregnancies, while in men it is associated with hypogonadism and GH deficit. These endocrine and non-endocrine factors exert their effects on bones by modulating the RANK/RANK-L/OPG system. An appropriate lifestyle from adolescence onwards, together with early diagnosis of and treatment for CD and primaryand secondary endocrine pathologies are important for the prevention of damage to the bones.  相似文献   

13.
Janikova M  Skarda J 《Neoplasma》2012,59(1):6-17
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Signaling pathways that are involved in these processes are also involved in chemo- and radioresistance (e.g. Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog pathways). This review is focused on the influence of three important differentiation pathways on carcinogenesis and on chemo- and radioresistance in ESCs and CSCs.  相似文献   

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Pyronaridine is a Mannich base anti-malarial with demonstrated efficacy against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. However, resistance to pyronaridine can develop quickly when it is used alone but can be considerably delayed when it is administered with artesunate in rodent malaria models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pyronaridine in combination with artesunate against P. falciparum in vitro and in rodent malaria models in vivo to support its clinical application. Pyronaridine showed consistently high levels of in vitro activity against a panel of six P. falciparum drug-sensitive and resistant strains (Geometric Mean IC50=2.24 nM, 95% CI=1.20-3.27). In vitro interactions between pyronaridine and artesunate showed a slight antagonistic trend, but in vivo compared to pyronaridine and artesunate administered alone, the 3:1 ratio of the combination, reduced the ED90 of artesunate by approximately 15.6-fold in a pyronaridine-resistant P. berghei line and by approximately 200-fold in an artesunate-resistant line of P. berghei. Complete cure rates were achieved with doses of the combination above or equal to 8 mg/kg per day against P. chabaudi AS. These results indicate that the combination had an enhanced effect over monotherapy and lower daily doses of artesunate could be used to obtain a curative effect. The data suggest that the combination of pyronaridine and artesunate should have potential in areas of multi-drug resistant malaria.  相似文献   

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《COPD》2013,10(1):5-11
Study Objective. COPD mortality alone among major causes of diseases continues to rise in most countries worldwide. We examine trends, and gender and ethnic differences in COPD hospitalization and mortality in Singapore from 1991 to 1998, and examine possible explanations. Design. Analysis of population‐based health administrative data. Setting. Multi‐ethnic (Chinese, Malay and Indian) population of Singapore (3 million population). Method. Data on hospitalizations and deaths due to COPD as the underlying cause (ICD codes 491, 492, 496), extracted from national databases, were used to calculate age‐specific and standardized rates for the population aged 55 + years. COPD accounted for 4.6% of total deaths (5.8% in those aged 55 +), and 1.02% of all hospitalizations (3.1% in those aged 55 +). Results. COPD mortality in 1998 decreased steeply by ? 43.7% from 1991 (a decline that continued a steady trend since 1970), while hospitalization showed little significant change (? 3.3%). Men had 4 and 5 times higher mortality and hospitalization, and also showed less favorable trends than women. Malays, especially males, showed the highest level and least favorable decline of mortality. Conclusion. Exceptionally steady declines in COPD mortality rates, and stable rates of hospitalization are observed in Singapore in the 1990s. Differing levels and trends of hospitalization and mortality by gender and ethnicity are related to known demographic variations and trends of smoking prevalence in the country.  相似文献   

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