磁控胶囊内镜在37例上消化道疾病患者诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨磁控胶囊内镜在上消化道疾病诊断中的临床应用.方法 对37例有上消化道症状的患者随机进行食管胃十二指肠镜检查和磁控胶囊内镜检查.通过体外巡航胶囊内镜控制系统对磁控胶囊内镜进行控制,完成磁控胶囊内镜对食管、贲门、胃底、胃体、胃窦和十二指肠球部的观察,并与食管胃十二指肠镜检查结果进行比较,观察磁控胶囊内镜对上消化道病变的检出率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性以及特异性.结果 食管胃十二指肠镜检查发现病变34例,磁控胶囊内镜发现病变32例,两者检查一致率为86.5％.磁控胶囊内镜检查对上消化道病变检查的敏感性为91％,特异性为67％,阳性预测值为97％,阴性预测值为40％.结论 磁控胶囊内镜对发现上消化道病变有较高的敏感性和阳性预测值,并且检查过程无创、可控,可用于上消化道疾病的诊断.     

胶囊内镜在胃部检查方面的研究进展

本文评介了磁控胶囊内镜系统和可控胶囊内镜系统在胃部检查方面的研究进展,有利于提高对胶囊内镜的认识和胃部检查的应用。具有理论和实验意义。     

磁控胶囊内镜胃部检查55例

目的:探讨磁控胶囊内镜体外磁场控制装置的操作方法.方法:选55名志愿者,通过磁控胶囊内镜的体外磁场控制装置对胶囊内镜的控制,使其在胃腔内作出平移、仰视、俯视、旋转及上下移动,替代有创胃镜来诊断胃部疾病.结果:被检者之中54人经磁控胶囊内镜后达到胃内各个观察部位观察完毕,操作时间24.5min±5.5min.1人因胃排空过快,磁控胶囊内镜后5min排至十二指肠而结束检查.其中检出浅表性胃炎45例,浅表性胃炎伴胆汁返流3例,十二指肠球部溃疡2例,胃窦肿瘤1例,未见异常4例.所有受试者在吞服磁控胶囊内镜后,在体外磁场控制装置的控制下,磁控胶囊内镜在食管及胃内均到达并观察到各个检查部位.检查过程中所有受试者均无任何不适.结论:磁控胶囊内镜应用于胃部检查,通过体外磁场控制装置对磁控胶囊内镜的控制,能达到检查食管、胃、十二指肠的检查目的,且安全、无痛苦.     

双联抗血小板药物致胃肠道黏膜损伤内镜诊断的研究进展

双联抗血小板治疗经常会造成胃肠道黏膜损伤，严重者会出现消化道出血，由于出血治愈后仍需复用抗血小板，因此双联抗血小板治疗导致胃肠道黏膜损伤已成为目前的研究热点。胃镜和小肠镜的检查范围较为局限，并且这两项侵入性检查的不适感也大大降低了患者的依从性。磁控胶囊内镜因无创、可控、长程等优势，使其可以同时完成胃和小肠检查，减轻了检查带来的痛苦，使得采用磁控胶囊内镜观察服用双联抗血小板治疗患者的胃肠道黏膜损伤成为可能。     

胶囊内镜检查后上消化道大出血1例报道

46岁男性患者接受胶囊内镜检查后发生上消化道大出血，胃镜检查提示贲门黏膜撕裂，给予抗休克和三腔双囊管压迫等治疗措施后出血停止。胶囊内镜在胃内滞留诱发患者呕吐，剧烈的呕吐导致贲门黏膜撕裂引发上消化道大出血。因此对于胶囊内镜滞留胃内的患者要警惕出血的可能。     

胶囊内镜在双联抗血小板药物导致胃肠道黏膜损害中的应用

双联抗血小板药物导致胃肠道黏膜损害是当前研究的热点。胶囊内镜是一种无痛的消化道检查方式,检查 范围已从小肠逐步扩展至食管、胃、结肠。目前,胶囊内镜已成为观察双联抗血小板药物和小剂量阿司匹林导致小肠 黏膜损伤的主要方式,其优势在于诊断准确性高、且患者依从性高,有利于长期随访和反复评估黏膜损伤情况。未 来,应用磁控胶囊胃镜观察胃部黏膜损伤将是下一个研究热点。     

胶囊内镜对上消化道黏膜观察完整度的研究进展北大核心CSCD

观察完整度是内镜检查中重要的质控指标。在上消化道检查中,胶囊内镜可对照传统胃镜通过核查各部位的主要解剖标志(如贲门齿状线、十二指肠乳头、胃角、胃窦、胃底等结构)进行大致判断,其结果与内镜光电技术、主动控制技术以及胃肠腔内清洁度、充盈度等因素有关。文章就胶囊内镜对上消化道黏膜观察完整度的研究方法、现状及方向做一综述。     

磁控胶囊内镜与胃镜检查在体检人群中临床应用价值比较

目的比较磁控胶囊内镜与胃镜的优劣性,探讨磁控胶囊内镜对上消化道疾病诊断的灵敏性和准确性,以及在体检个体中的应用价值。方法本研究通过回顾性研究,分析了南京医科大学第一附属医院2015年10月至2018年10月分别接受胃镜检查和磁控胶囊内镜检查的两组体检个体的相关临床资料,分析上消化道疾病发现率,经磁控胶囊内镜检查后追加胃镜情况,以及两组个体检查的舒适度、安全性。结果磁控胶囊内镜组205例中共检出11例食管病变,51例胃部病变,37例十二指肠病变;胃镜组314例中共检出65例食管病变,63例胃部病变,65例十二指肠病变,磁控胶囊内镜组除检出胃和十二指肠病变外,还检出了空回肠甚至结肠病变。磁控胶囊内镜运行到空回肠有149例,其中检出病变有38例,运行到结肠有106例,结肠腔内由于肠道准备不足,见大量粪渣及粪水,严重影响视野,无法观察。两组上消化道检查结果对比,除食管处观察情况差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其他各部位差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),磁控胶囊内镜具有更好的舒适度及耐受性,甚至能检查出胃镜无法检出的下消化道疾病。磁控胶囊内镜组中有28例受检者在检查结束后行胃镜复查或有关治疗,其中18例胃息肉患者在胃镜下行内镜下摘除术,7例胃溃疡行胃镜复查,病理证实为良性溃疡,3例胃部黏膜下隆起性病变中2例诊断为胃间质瘤,1例为脾脏压迫。结论磁控胶囊内镜在体检人群中的应用价值不低于胃镜,且更易被人群所接受。     

磁控胶囊内镜对小肠克罗恩病早期诊断的临床研究

目的探讨磁控胶囊内镜对小肠克罗恩病(CD)早期诊断的临床应用价值。 方法选择2015年8月至2017年2月临床怀疑小肠CD经上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院卢湾分院消化内科行磁控胶囊内镜检查的203例小肠CD高危患者进行磁控胶囊内镜检查,根据检查结果参照De Bona等^{[ 6 ]}的标准进行分组,随访各组治疗情况、病情进展及转归。 结果A组17例符合确诊标准;B组87例符合可疑标准,随访1～2年后,7例确诊为CD;C组67例符合非特异性肠炎。B组和C组治疗前后各项炎症指标比较有统计学意义,提示治疗有效。 结论磁控胶囊内镜对小肠CD早期诊断具有一定的临床应用价值,能够早期用于指导治疗,改善疾病的预后。     

磁控胶囊内镜在不明原因慢性腹痛中的临床应用价值

背景:不明原因慢性腹痛是消化系统疾病常见临床症状之一,主要与小肠疾病有关。磁控胶囊内镜可观察全小肠黏膜病变,有助于提高疾病诊断率。目的:探讨磁控胶囊内镜在不明原因慢性腹痛中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性纳入2015年8月—2016年1月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院卢湾分院消化科和上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院老年病科行磁控胶囊内镜检查的不明原因慢性腹痛患者,分析磁控胶囊内镜的诊断效能和安全性。结果:共46例患者纳入研究,磁控胶囊内镜在食管、胃、小肠内的平均运行时间分别为(3.2±1.2)min、(42.3±15.7)min和(265.8±83.6)min,全小肠检查完成率为97.8%(45/46),所有患者均未发生胶囊滞留、肠梗阻等并发症。磁控胶囊内镜的小肠病变检出率为60.9%(28/46),上消化道病变检出率为50.0%(23/46)。共39例(84.8%)患者经磁控胶囊内镜检出阳性病变,磁控胶囊内镜对不明原因慢性腹痛的病因诊断率为78.3%(36/46)。结论:磁控胶囊内镜检查安全、无创,对不明原因慢性腹痛有较高的诊断价值。     

Capsule endoscopy: past,present, and future

A capsule endoscope is a swallowable wireless miniature camera for getting images of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa. The initial capsule endoscope model was developed by Given Imaging and approved in Western countries in 2001. Before the introduction of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), there was no effective modality for the evaluation and management of patients with obscure GI bleeding. Obscure GI bleeding is defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial or primary endoscopy (colonoscopy or upper endoscopy) result. The first capsule endoscope model, which is now regarded as a first-line tool for the detection of abnormalities of the small bowel, was the PillCam SB. It was approved in Japan in April 2007. The main indication for use of the PillCam SB is obscure GI bleeding. Almost the only complication of CE is capsule retention, which is the capsule remaining in the digestive tract for a minimum of 2 weeks. A retained capsule can be retrieved by DBE. There are some limitations of CE in that it cannot be used to obtain a biopsy specimen or for endoscopic treatment. However, the combination of a PillCam SB and DBE seems to be the best strategy for management of obscure GI bleeding. Recently, several new types of capsule endoscope have been developed, such as Olympus CE for the small bowel, PillCam ESO for investigation of esophageal diseases, and PillCam COLON for detection of colonic neoplasias. In the near future, CE is expected to have a positive impact on many aspects of GI disease evaluation and management.     

Enteroscopy

Wireless capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy are new methods of enteroscopy that have been introduced in recent years. Wireless capsule endoscopy is an epoch-making examination method that makes possible an endoscopic imaging examination of the entire small intestine without discomfort and without confining patients to a medical facility. Although it is expected to be useful as an initial examination for finding diseases of the small intestine, it cannot be used for biopsy or treatment. One risk associated with the capsule endoscopy technique is entrapment by strictures. Double-balloon endoscopy is based on a new insertion technique in which two balloons, one at the distal end of the endoscope and the other at the distal end of an overtube, are operated in combination, and the endoscope is inserted while simultaneously shortening the intestine. It can be inserted through either the mouth or the anus, allowing the observation of the entire gastrointestinal tract. It features excellent maneuverability even in the distal small intestine, and enables back-and-forth observation, biopsy, and endoscopic treatment at any given site. These two new enteroscopy techniques are expected to lead to innovations in how diseases of the small intestine are approached.     

Training in video capsule endoscopy: Current status and unmet needs

Since its introduction to clinical practice nearly 20 years ago, wireless capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the landscape in the diagnosis and management of small bowel diseases. Over the past 10 years, capsule endoscopy has evolved beyond the small intestine and a range of capsules are now available to examine the esophagus, stomach and colon. Because of its ease of use, tolerability, paucity of complications and ability to visualize the entire gastrointestinal tract, capsule endoscopy has entered the mainstream of clinical practice. This review of the literature summarizes the current state of capsule training and highlights the limited data available to assess reader competence and standards expected of an independent practitioner. There are neither standardized teaching strategies nor national or international metrics for accreditation of physicians and nonphysicians interested in mastering this examination. Summating the few publications, there appears to be consensus that diagnostic expertise improves with experience, and that trainees should be fully supervised for at least 20 full case studies. Formative and summative assessment is advisable and the number of taught cases should not be the sole determinant of competence. The review also highlights differences in recommendations from major national gastroenterology societies. Finally, the authors discuss areas of unmet needs in teaching and learning for capsule endoscopy.     

Current state of double balloon endoscopy: The latest approach to small intestinal diseases

Recent developments of capsule endoscopy and double balloon endoscopy (DBE) have made endoscopic examination of the entire small bowel practical, and changed the diagnostic algorithm for small bowel diseases. Double balloon endoscopy uses two balloons, one attached to the tip of the endoscope and another at the distal end of an overtube. By using these balloons to grip the intestinal wall, the endoscope can be inserted further without forming redundant loops of intestine. Total inspection by DBE is usually achieved by combination of sequential oral and anal intubations; success rates are reported to be 40–80%. Indications for DBE include scrutiny for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel tumor, small bowel stricture and following up evaluation of previously diagnosed small bowel diseases. Because DBE has an accessory channel and good maneuverability in the distal small intestine, it enables endoscopic treatment, including hemostasis, balloon dilation, polypectomy, mucosal resection, retrieval of foreign bodies and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (in the case of post-operative anastomoses). Double balloon endoscopy is also useful for cases of difficult colonoscopy, providing success rates of total colonoscopy between 88–100%. Although it has been a few years since its development, the usefulness of DBE is now well recognized. This challenging procedure has become popular rapidly and is currently used in many countries.     

Clinical application of wireless capsule endoscopy

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic modalities for identifying lesions within the small bowel have been quite limited. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a new, innovative technique that can detect very small mucosal lesions in the entire small bowel and can be used in the outpatient setting. The present study explored the diagnostic value, tolerance and safety of WCE in the identification of small bowel pathology that was not detected with conventional small bowel imaging studies. METHODS: From May through September 2002, 15 patients with suspected small bowel diseases were prospectively examined, Of them, 12 presented with persistent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and negative findings on upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, small bowel radiography, and bleeding‐scan scintig‐raphy or mesenteric angiography. RESULTS: Wireless capsule endoscopy identified pathologic small bowel findings in 11 of the 15 patients (73%): angioectasias, Dieulafoy's lesion, polypoid lesion, submucosal mass, Crohn's disease, carcinoid tumor, lipoma, aphthous ulcer, and hemorrhagic gastritis; four of the patients had two lesions. The images displayed were considered to be good. The capsule endoscopes remained in the stomach for an average of 82 min (range 6?311 min) and the mean transit time in the small bowel was 248 min (range 104?396 min). The mean time of recording was 7 h 29 min (from 5 h to 8 h 30 min). The mean time to reach the cecum was 336 min (180?470 min). The average number of the images transmitted by the capsule was 57 919 and the average time the physician took to review the images transmitted by the capsule was 82 min (range 30?120 min). The average time of elimination of the capsule was 33 h (range 24?48 h). All 15 patients reported that the capsule was easy to swallow, painless, and preferable to conventional endoscopy. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Wireless capsule endoscopy is safe, well tolerated, and useful for identifying occult lesions of the small bowel, especially in patients who present with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.     

胶囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的作用

目的:小肠疾病很难诊断,现有的诊断技术又不尽如人意,而胶囊内镜能发现整个小肠内的微小病变。为此,我们对胶囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的价值进行评估。方法:自2002年5月至2003年9月,我们对经结肠镜、胃镜、X线钡餐造影、小肠钡灌造影、血管造影或核素扫描等检查未发现异常的79例疑患小肠疾病、尤其是不明原因消化道出血的患者,进行胶囊内镜检查,其中不明原因的消化道出血患者56例。结果:75例完成最终研究。75例患者中经胶囊内镜检查共发现异常63例,检出率为84％;其中能明确解释临床病因者50例,诊断率为66.6％,包括消化道血管病变21例、小肠炎症性肠病16例、小肠息肉5例、小肠恶性间质肿瘤2例、小肠类癌1例(该患者同时伴升结肠脂肪瘤)、淋巴瘤1例、粘膜下肿瘤3例及憩室1例。所获取的图像质量良好。结论:胶囊内镜对小肠疾病尤其是不明原因消化道出血具有良好的诊断价值。     

胶囊内镜临床应用规范研究与展望北大核心CSCD

胶囊内镜(capsule endoscopy,CE)因其使用方便、耐受性好、并发症少及对消化道的可视化程度高,是受患者普遍接受的胃肠道体检方案,已经成为了小肠内镜检查的一线检查方式。但是,胶囊内镜的临床应用仍需进一步规范。文章拟通过归纳美国胃肠内镜学会(ASGE)、欧洲胃肠内镜学会(ESGE)、中华消化内镜学会等多份指南对胶囊内镜操作、报告、培训的要求,总结胶囊内镜的规范化操作流程,归纳其在COVID-19流行背景下的应用情景,探讨胶囊内镜临床实践中所面临的问题,以及胶囊内镜教学未来可能的发展方向。     

Capsule endoscopy in patients refusing conventional endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy is nowadays the diagnostic technique of choice in the study of small bowel pathologies, allowing the non-invasive study of the entire mucosa. This has led, together with new technical advances, to the creation of two new models (PillCam ESO and PillCam Colon) for the study of esophageal and colonic diseases. These two new capsules offer an interesting alternative to conventional endoscopy in the study of the upper and lower digestive tracts, because traditional endoscopy is often unpleasant and uncomfortable for the patient, can be painful, often requires moderate or deep sedation and is not without complications (hemorrhage, perforation, etc.). PillCam Colon is particularly important for its usefulness in the diagnosis of colonic polyps, and is a potentially useful tool in cases of incomplete colonoscopy or in colorectal cancer screening, even more when most patients are reluctant to undergo screening programs due to the said disadvantages of conventional colonoscopy. This article discusses the advantages of capsule endoscopy over conventional endoscopy, its current application possibilities and indications in routine clinical practice. In the various sections of the work, we assess the application of endoscopic capsule in different sections of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and colon) and finally the potential role of panendoscopy with PillCam Colon.     

胶囊内镜的临床应用

目的 小肠疾病很难诊断，现有的诊断技术又不尽如人意，而胶囊内镜（M2A）能发现整个小肠内的微小病变，且为非侵入性，患者无需住院，因此，对胶囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的价值。依从性和安全性进行评估。方法 自2002年5月至9月，我们对经结肠镜，胃镜，X线钡餐造影，小肠钡灌造影，血管造影或核素扫描等检查未发现异常的15例疑患小肠疾病的患者，进行胶囊内镜检查，其中不明原因的消化道出血12例。结果 15例中发现病灶11例（73.3%)，包括血管发育不良，Dieulafoy病，毛细血管扩张征，静脉扩张，息肉样病变，黏膜下肿瘤，脂肪瘤，口疮样小溃疡（Aphthous ulcer)，克罗恩病类癌及出血性胃炎等，其中4例患者同时存在2种病灶，所获取的图像质量良好，胶囊停留于胃内的平均时间为82min(6-311min)，小肠内平均运行时间为248min(104-396min)，平均到达盲肠时间为336min(180-470min)，平均记录时间为449min(300-510min)，医师对胶囊内镜所传输图像的平均读片时间为82min(30-120min)，平均获取照片数为57919张，胶囊平均排出体外时间为33h(24-48h)，整个操作过程患者耐受性甚佳，无任何痛苦，吞咽胶囊无任何困难，检测过程中无任何并发症发生。结论 胶囊内镜是对小肠疾病具有诊断价值的医疗设备，其安全性高，依从性好。