糖皮质激素在老年重症社区获得性肺炎治疗中的临床价值

目的探讨老年重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)治疗中应用糖皮质激素的临床效果。方法将该院收治的96例SCAP患者分为激素组46例和非激素组50例,两组均根据痰液及血液病原学检测结果合理使用抗生素,激素组在此基础上加用甲泼尼龙治疗,比较两组抗生素使用情况、临床指标改善时间以及预后情况。结果两组抗生素使用比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);激素组血氧分压(Pa O2)升高10 mm Hg时间明显低于非激素组,住院时间明显高于非激素组(P<0.05);两组体温恢复正常时间、咳嗽减轻时间、气急减轻时间及啰音消失时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);激素组二重感染发生率明显高于非激素组(P<0.05);两组病死率及副反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在SCAP治疗中使用糖皮质激素能有效改善患者氧合功能,但不能缩短患者住院时间和降低病死率,且增加了患者二重感染发生率。     

PCT、CRP 与应用激素后白细胞升高的关系

目的：探讨患者应用糖皮质激素后白细胞(WBC)升高是由于感染加重所致的感染性升高,还是糖皮质激素自身所致的非感染性升高。以此来提高感染诊断准确率,减少抗生素的滥用。方法收集2012年3月至2014年5月于我院住院的80例患者,根据其病种及治疗方案分为非感染激素组(n =20)、感染激素组(n =29)、感染非激素组(n =31),分别在糖皮质激素和/或抗生素治疗前及治疗后第3、5、7天采集静脉血,对其 WBC、C 反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、前白蛋白(PA)进行检测,并对感染组治疗前及治疗后第7天进行简化临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)。结果感染激素组与非感染激素组在应用糖皮质激素治疗后3、5、7 d WBC 差异无统计学意义(P 值均>0.05);与感染非激素组相比,感染激素组在应用糖皮质激素3、5、7 d 后 WBC 显著升高(P 值均<0.01),CRP 显著下降(P 值均<0.01),PCT、PA 及 CPIS 差异无统计学意义(P 值均>0.05)。结论糖皮质激素可升高外周血 WBC,降低 CRP,但对 PCT、PA 及 CPIS 无明显影响,可以以 PCT、PA 及 CPIS 结果为参考了解患者感染控制情况,三者联合可进一步提高感染诊断的准确率、特异度。     

支气管肺泡灌洗术对卒中并发重症肺炎患者的作用

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗术(BAL)对卒中机械通气并发重症肺炎患者的治疗效果。方法前瞻性纳入2012年1月至2015年12月收治的68例接受有创机械通气的卒中并发重症肺炎患者,按照随机数字表分为研究组(34例)和对照组(34例),对照组采取治疗原发病、抗感染、常规吸痰、机械辅助排痰及对症支持等治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)行BAL治疗,比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后3 d氧合指数、气道峰压的变化、治疗前痰细菌培养阳性率和治疗后7 d痰细菌培养转阴率、抗生素使用时间、机械通气时间及平均重症监护室(ICU)住院时间等指标。结果 (1)研究组和对照组治疗前氧合指数、气道峰压比较[氧合指数:(148±31)比(151±29),气道峰压:(32±5)cm H_2O比(31±5)cm H_2O,t值分别为0.35和0.38],差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后3 d,研究组氧合指数升高较对照组更为明显[(213±22)比(186±25)],差异有统计学意义(t=4.70,P0.01),但两组间气道峰压比较[(21±4)cm H_2O比(22±5)cm H_2O],差异无统计学意义(t=0.96,P0.05);(2)研究组治疗前痰细菌培养阳性率和治疗后7 d痰细菌培养转阴率明显高于对照组[痰细菌培养阳性率:82.4%(28/34)比47.1%(16/34),治疗7 d后痰细菌培养转阴率89.3%(25/28)比56.2%(9/16),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.27和5.01,均P0.05);(3)研究组抗生素使用时间、机械通气时间及平均ICU住院时间与对照组相比,均明显降低[抗生素使用时间:(9±3)d比(13±3)d、机械通气时间:(13±3)d比(17±3)d、平均ICU住院时间:(17±6)d比(22±6)d],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.74、5.17、4.21,均P0.01)。结论对机械通气的卒中并发重症肺炎患者行BAL治疗,能提高氧合指数和痰标本转阴检出率、减少使用抗生素、机械通气及平均ICU住院时间。     

脉搏指示连续心排血量监测指导急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者液体管理的临床研究

目的 研究脉搏指示连续心排血量(PiCCO)监测指导急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者液体管理的临床效果.方法 入选28例ARDS患者,随机分为干预组(n=15)和对照组(n=13),干预组在PiCCO监测下指导液体管理,对照组采用传统方法进行液体管理,治疗后统计两组患者一周内的血乳酸变化、氧合指数变化、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间及血管活性药物使用时间以及患者的28 d病死率,比较两组的差异.结果 两组患者一周内的血乳酸变化率差异无统计学意义(P=0.56),而干预组的氧合指数变化幅度明显较对照组大(140.0±26.4 vs 99.4±32.9,P=0.31),干预组患者机械通气时间明显短于对照组(21.8±3.5 vs 26.8±2.8,P=0.04),而ICU住院时间和血管活性药物使用时间的比较,差异无统计学意义.干预组患者的28 d病死率降低(60.0％ vs 69.2％),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PiCCO监测指导ARDS患者液体管理可以改善患者的氧合,减少机械通气时间,但还不能显著降低患者的28 d病死率.     

肺部感染控制窗结合无创序贯通气在支气管扩张合并呼吸衰竭患者脱机中的临床应用

目的探讨肺部感染控制(PIC)窗结合无创序贯通气在支气管扩张合并呼吸衰竭早期脱机中的临床应用。方法收集2013~2016年2家综合性医院ICU/RICU中支气管扩张并呼吸衰竭行气管插管有创呼吸机治疗患者90例,随机分为对照组及序贯治疗组,两组达到PIC窗时,对照组按常规方法降低呼吸机参数后撤机,序贯治疗组采用无创呼吸机序贯通气治疗。比较两组呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率、第一次脱机拔管成功率、撤机10 d内达到再插管标准率、有创通气时间、住ICU/RICU时间、总住院时间及住院费用。结果最终85例患者完成研究并进行统计学分析(对照组45例,序贯治疗组40例)。两组患者插管前一般情况及PIC窗出现时间差异无统计学意义。对照组和序贯治疗组的VAP发生率分别为22.22%(10/45)、5.00%(2/40),差异有统计学意义(P=0.02);住院病死率分别为11.11%(5/45)、0.00%(0/40),差异有统计学意义(P=0.04);有创通气时间分别为(6.89±1.82)d、(4.85±3.23)d,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.01);住ICU/RICU平均时间分别为(9.44±2.98)d、(6.38±2.58)d,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);第一次脱机拔管成功率分别为88.89%(40/45)、95.00%(38/40),两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.44);再插管率分别为13.33%(6/45)、5.00%(2/40),两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.27);平均总住院时间分别为(15.78±6.32)d、(17.00±8.59)d,差异无统计学意义(P=0.45);平均住院费用分别为(39273.55±17086.92)元、(37095.31±15306.62)元,差异无统计学意义(P=0.54)。结论以PIC窗为时机结合无创呼吸机序贯治疗用于支气管扩展合并呼吸衰竭患者脱机可显著降低患者VAP发生率、住院病死率,缩短患者有创通气时间及住ICU/RICU时间。该方法用于支气管扩展合并呼吸衰竭患者早期脱机有效、可行。     

首剂抗生素应用时间对老年重症肺炎预后的影响

目的分析入院至首剂抗生素应用的时间(the time to the first antibiotic dose,TFAD)对老年重症社区获得性肺炎(Community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)预后的影响。方法收集我院6年间住院的老年重症CAP患者共156例,分为2组:TFAD4h组与TFAD4h组。分析两组病死率与住院时间的差别。结果TFAD4h组病死率低于TFAD4h组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TFAD4h组住院时间短于TFAD4h组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论及时应用抗生素治疗可降低重症CAP的病死率,缩短住院时间。     

PiCCO监测在急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者治疗中的应用价值

目的研究应用脉搏指示连续心排血量监测(Pi CCO)对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)治疗和预后的影响。方法以本院ICU住院的最终纳入本研究的71例ARDS患者为研究对象,采用随机方法将研究对象分为干预组(n=36)和对照组(n=35),干预组在Pi CCO监测下指导治疗,对照组则采用监测传统方法进行治疗,比较两组在一定时间(7 d)内血乳酸(LA)、氧合指数(PO2/Fi O2)、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、血管活性药物使用时间和28天死亡率差异,并分析影响ARDS患者预后的危险因素。结果治疗后两组患者的血乳酸水平在病程中均呈下降趋势,但不同监测时点的血乳酸水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的氧合指数均改善呈上升趋势,两组患者第2、3、5天的氧合指数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但第7天的氧合指数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组和对照组患者机械通气时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且干预组28天死亡率低于对照组(P0.05)。干预组Pi CCO监测指标中EVLW与PVPI呈正相关(r=0.827,P=0.007),EVLW与PO2/Fi O2呈负相关(r=-0.622,P=0.001)。EVLW是ARDS患者28天死亡的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论应用Pi CCO监测可指导临床ARDS液体管理和治疗,可有效改善患者的氧合,减少机械通气时间,改善患者预后。     

早期适量应用糖皮质激素对重症肺炎患者临床疗效的观察

目的探讨早期适量应用糖皮质激素对重症肺炎患者的临床疗效。方法入选重症肺炎患者115例,随机分为激素组(55例)和对照组(60例),激素组患者静脉给予5天甲强龙,两组患者均给予吸氧、机械通气、抗感染、祛痰等治疗。测定入院时及2周后患者的血常规、血CRP、血PCT、血糖、动脉血气、APACHE II评分,比较相关指标的差异,评价激素临床疗效及不良反应。结果激素组患者体温降至正常时间、无创通气总时间、住院时间、住院花费费用均明显少于对照组患者(P均0.05);气管插管率及死亡率均明显低于对照组患者(P均0.05)。两组患者治疗后与治疗前比较,除大便OB试验阳性率之间的差异无统计学意义外,血白细胞总数、血CRP、PCT、血糖、PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2、APACHE II评分等指标之间的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);而激素组与对照组治疗后比较,PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2、APACHE II评分之间的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),其他指标以及病原菌清除率、不良反应之间的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。激素组患者总有效率明显高于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论早期适量应用糖皮质激素治疗重症肺炎临床疗效显著,可以明显缩短住院时间、减少住院费用、降低病死率,不良反应少。     

IVIG治疗儿童重症腺病毒肺炎的临床疗效和并发症观察

目的分析静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)应用于儿童重症腺病毒肺炎(SAP)的疗效及安全性。方法选择180例重症腺病毒肺炎儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据是否给予IVIG治疗分为观察组与对照1组,对两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、住院时间、发热持续时间、机械通气时间及并发症的发生情况进行对比。结果与对照组对比,观察组患儿的发热时间、住院时间及机械通气时间均显著缩短,痊愈率与好转率均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中在无效的人数中,观察组死亡3例(3.03%),对照组死亡4例(4.94%),两组对比差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.01,P=0.732);与对照组对比,观察组患儿发生胸腔积液、肺不张、中毒性脑病并发症的发生率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患儿呼吸衰竭、肺功能损害的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IVIG治疗儿童SAP有一定的疗效,能降低并发症。     

老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者不同撤机方式的效果比较

目的比较(有创-无创)序贯通气和同步间歇指令+压力支持通气(SIMV+PSV)在老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者撤机过程中的影响。方法选择2012年1月至2017年12月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院重症医学科收治的老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的60例患者,采取单纯随机方法分为观察组30例和对照组30例。观察组患者采用(有创-无创)序贯机械通气方式撤机,对照组患者采用SIMV+PSV方式撤机。比较两组患者撤机成功率、有创通气时间、总共机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率及两组患者开始撤机后2 h、1 d和3 d呼吸频率和氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)。结果观察组患者撤机成功率为86.67%(26/30),呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率为6.67%(2/30),ICU住院时间(10.6±3.7)d,有创通气时间为(6.8±2.4)d、总共机械通气时间(9.4±2.2)d。对照组撤机成功率为60.0%(18/30),VAP发生率为26.67%(8/30),ICU住院时间(18.5±4.6)d,有创通气时间为(14.8±3.6)d、总共机械通气时间(14.8±3.6)d。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者开始撤机后2 h、1 d和3 d呼吸频率和氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论序贯机械通气可提高老年重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者撤机成功率,减少并发症。     

Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the severity of community acquired pneumonia

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the plasma D-Dimer (D-d) level and the severity of the pneumonia in patients who have not any disease that may increase the D-d level, but pneumonia. This is prospective controlled study. Using the ATS 2001 Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Guideline we divided the patients into two groups [severe (n= 14) and non-severe (n= 37) CAP] and looked for any significant difference in D-d levels with ELISA method among the patients groups and control group. Plasma D-d levels were 2438 +/- 2158 ng/mL in severe CAP group, 912.6 +/- 512.6 ng/mL in non-severe CAP group and 387 +/- 99.56 ng/mL in the control group. Patients with non-severe CAP and those with severe CAP group both showed an increase in plasma levels of D-d compared to control group (p< 0.05, p< 0.001, respectively). We also found that the severe CAP group had increased in plasma levels of D-d compared to the non-severe CAP group (p< 0.001). Plasma D-d level increases significantly in patients with CAP compared to control group. Plasma D-d levels increases significantly with the severity of the CAP.     

血清血管生成素-2与老年人社区获得性肺炎严重程度的相关性研究

目的探讨血清血管生成素-2(Ang-2)在老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者中的表达, 并评估其与CAP严重程度的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究, 选取老年CAP住院患者共118例, 根据病情严重程度将所有患者分为普通肺炎组(67例)和重症肺炎组(51例), 同时选取40例老年无肺炎健康体检者作为对照组。检测血清Ang-2、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平, 并对CAP患者进行CURB-65评分。结果老年CAP患者血清中Ang-2、IL-6、PCT及CRP水平显著高于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(H=70.698、25.752、15.982、30.588, 均P<0.001)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示, Ang-2与IL-6、PCT、CRP及CURB-65评分均呈正相关(r=0.715、0.531、0.558、0.450, 均P<0.001)。Ang-2预测社区老年患者发生重症肺炎的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.866(95%CI:0.809～0.924), 最佳截断值为5.24 μg/L, 对应的敏感度和特异度分别为72.5...     

Effects of systemic steroids in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.

The benefit of systemic steroids as adjunctive treatment in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of corticosteroid treatment on mortality in patients with severe CAP. A retrospective, observational study of a cohort of patients hospitalised with severe CAP, classes IV and V of the Prognostic Severity Index score, was carried out. Information on epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data, and 30-day mortality was collected from medical charts. Of the 308 patients evaluated, 238 (77%) were treated with standard antimicrobial therapy and 70 (23%) received both antibiotics and systemic steroids. Clinical characteristics were similar between steroid and nonsteroid groups, except in the prevalence of male sex and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Systemic steroids were independently associated with a decreased mortality (odds ratio 0.287; 95% confidence interval 0.113-0.732), while severity of CAP (2.923; 1.262-6.770) was the only independent factor associated with increased mortality. Mortality decreased in the patients with severe CAP who received simultaneous administration of systemic steroids along with antibiotic treatment. Severity of community-acquired pneumonia remains the most important risk factor associated with increased mortality.     

代谢综合征与中老年人结直肠腺瘤型息肉的关系

目的:研究代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)与中老年人结直肠腺瘤型息肉(colorectal adenoma polyps,CAP)的关系.方法:回顾性分析2007-1/2010-10在中国人民解放军南京军区南京总院干部消化内科住院期间做电子结肠镜检查的45岁以上患者114例的病例资料,根据是否患...     

Influence of Steroids on Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein in Patients with COPD and Community-acquired Pneumonia

Abstract Background: The induction of C-reactive Protein (CRP) may be attenuated by corticosteroids, whereas Procalcitonin (PCT) appears to be unaltered. We investigated, whether in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) a combined antibiotic-corticosteroid therapy may actually lead to different slopes of decline of these inflammatory markers. Patients and Methods: We studied the slopes of decline of PCT and CRP serum levels during 7 consecutive days as well as clinical parameters in a group of patients with CAP on or off corticosteroids. Patients with underlying COPD received systemic corticosteroids (n = 10), while non-COPD patients (n = 10) presenting with CAP alone formed the control group. All patients were treated with antibiotics. Results: At baseline, relevant clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups were similar. Regarding the decreasing shapes of the curves from PCT and CRP, no significant differences were found (p-value = 0.48 for the groups for CRP, respectively 0.64 for PCT). All patients showed an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: In patients with COPD and CAP, the time courses over 7 days of PCT and CRP showed a nearly parallel decline compared to non-COPD patients with CAP. Contrary to the induction phase, corticosteroids do not modify the time-dependent decay of PCT and CRP when the underlying infectious disease (CAP) is adequately treated.     

Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial

Steroids are recommended in severe alcohol-induced hepatitis, but some data suggest that artificial nutrition could also be effective. We conducted a randomized trial comparing the short- and long-term effects of total enteral nutrition or steroids in these patients. A total of 71 patients (80% cirrhotic) were randomized to receive 40 mg/d prednisolone (n = 36) or enteral tube feeding (2,000 kcal/d) for 28 days (n = 35), and were followed for 1 year or until death. Side effects of treatment occurred in 5 patients on steroids and 10 on enteral nutrition (not significant). Eight enterally fed patients were prematurely withdrawn from the trial. Mortality during treatment was similar in both groups (9 of 36 vs. 11 of 35, intention-to-treat) but occurred earlier with enteral feeding (median 7 vs. 23 days; P =.025). Mortality during follow-up was higher with steroids (10 of 27 vs. 2 of 24 intention-to-treat; P =. 04). Seven steroid patients died within the first 1.5 months of follow-up. In contrast to total enteral nutrition (TEN), infections accounted for 9 of 10 follow-up deaths in the steroid group. In conclusion, enteral feeding does not seem to be worse than steroids in the short-term treatment of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis, although death occurs earlier with enteral nutrition. However, steroid therapy is associated with a higher mortality rate in the immediate weeks after treatment, mainly because of infections. A possible synergistic effect of both treatments should be investigated.     

Performance evaluation of MR-proadrenomedullin and other scoring systems in severe sepsis with pneumonia

Background

In sepsis, risk assessment is as crucial as early and accurate diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) with other scoring systems in severe sepsis and septic shock patients due to community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

Patients were divided into 2 groups as severe sepsis and septic shock due to CAP (group 1, n=31) and only CAP group (group 2, n=26). Serum MR-proADM, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and d-dimer level were analyzed. Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) were performed for all patients.

Results

There was no difference between groups in terms of serum MR-proADM levels (P=0.780). Serum MR-proADM was not found a significant value for the prediction of death within the 4 and 8 weeks in all patients. SOFA score was the most significant to predict mortality in 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.001). The combination of SOFA score and serum MR-proADM was a strong factor to predict death in 4 weeks (specifity 86.8% and sensitivity 66.7%). The combination of MR-proADM, SOFA score, and APACHE II score was found 75.0% sensitive and 71.4% specific to predict mortality within 4 weeks in group 1.

Conclusions

The MR-proADM does not correlate with mortality or disease severity to predict mortality. The combination of SOFA, APACHE II scores, and MR-proADM was efficient to predict prognosis and mortality rate in severe sepsis or septic shock patients.     

The influence of immunosuppression switching in liver function in adult hepatic transplantation

We evaluate the 5-year results of a single-centre prospective randomized trial that compared cyclosporine microemulsion (CyA-me) in triple therapy (plus steroids and azathioprine) and Tacrolimus (Tac) in double therapy (plus steroids) for primary immunosuppression. One hundred adult patients undergoing liver transplantation were randomized to receive Tac (n=51) or CyA-me (n=49). Ten patients in group A, and thirty-one patients in group B had their main immunosuppressive agent switched. The switch was much more frequent from CyA-me to Tac (n=31; 62.3%), mainly because of lack of efficacy (n=12; 38.7%). Six of 10 patients were shifted from Tac to CyA-me for side effects. The clinical course of the majority of patients converted from CyA-me to Tac improved clearly after conversion. Donor age and acute rejection (number, severity and rejection free days) had a significative association with lack of efficacy in group B. In these series, the conversion to Tac from CyA-me could be accomplished safely, with an excellent long-term outcome.     

成人社区获得性肺炎患者血清可溶性程序性死亡受体配体-1的表达及意义

通过检测成人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者血清可溶性程序性死亡受体配体-1(PD-L1)水平,探讨其临床意义。共纳入44例CAP患者、54例重症CAP患者和30例健康对照者,检测所有研究对象血清中可溶性PD-L1水平,单因素和多因素回归分析各临床参数对预后的影响。结果显示,重症CAP者血清可溶性PD-L1水平为98.20(57.94,128.90)ng/L,高于CAP者[59.32(33.55,92.58)ng/L]和健康对照者[20.44(12.15,36.20)ng/L](P值均<0.001)。可溶性PD-L与CURB-65评分(r=0.481,P<0.001)、肺炎严重指数(PSI)评分(r=0.442,P<0.001)呈显著正相关。单因素回归分析显示,CURB-65评分(HR=2.544,95%CI 1.324~4.889,P=0.005)、PSI评分(HR=1.036,95%CI 1.012~1.061,P=0.004)、可溶性PD-L1水平(HR=1.013,95%CI 1.001~1.026,P=0.041)是CAP患者住院期间死亡的危险因素。多因素回归分析显示,PSI评分(HR=1.042,95%CI 1.012-1.073,P=0.005)、可溶性PD-L1水平(HR=1.011,95%CI 1.002~1.071,P=0.020)是影响CAP患者死亡的独立危险因素。可溶性PD-L1≥98.20 ng/L的CAP患者住院期间生存率显著低于可溶性PD-L1<98.20 ng/L者(P=0.033)。提示成人CAP患者血清可溶性PD-L1水平升高与预后相关,可能是影响患者预后的独立危险因素之一。     

Sequentially induced sputum in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

It has been demonstrated that consecutive samples of induced sputum may differ with respect to cellular composition. The aim of this study was to compare two sequential sputum samples in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma with different severity. Two sputum inductions were performed 30 min apart and processed separately in healthy subjects (n=11), patients with moderate to severe COPD (n=10), asthmatics treated with beta2-agonists alone (group 1, n=11), inhaled steroids (group 2, n=12) or systemic steroids (group 3, n=7). In healthy subjects and asthma group 2, percentages of neutrophils decreased significantly between the two sputum inductions but did not change in COPD and asthma group 3. Percentages of eosinophils did not change significantly in any group of patients. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 decreased significantly in the control group and asthma groups 1 and 2 but not in asthma group 3 and the COPD group. These data demonstrate differences in sputum composition between two consecutive samples which were most pronounced in healthy subjects. Therefore, pooling of sputum samples may affect the results, particularly in healthy subjects, in contrast to subjects with more severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These findings may be suggestive of differences in the distribution of inflammation along the airways between distinct airway diseases.