本刊常用英文缩写词汇

正甲型肝炎病毒(hepatitis A virus,HAV)乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)巨细胞病毒(CMV)获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)血压(BP)肝细胞癌(HCC)红细胞(RBC)白细胞(WBC)血小板(PLT)白蛋白(ALB)总蛋白(TP)血红蛋白(Hb)免疫球蛋白(Ig)甲胎蛋白(AFP)白细胞介素(IL)     

肝血流超声参数联合外周血vWF-Ag对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张出血的预测价值

目的探究肝血流超声参数联合外周血中血管性血友病因子抗原(vWF-Ag)对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张出血(EVH)的预测价值。方法选择2015年12月至2018年12月重庆市东南医院收治的80例肝硬化患者为肝硬化组,同期收治的80例肝硬化合并EVH患者为肝硬化合并EVH组,健康体检者80名为对照组,比较3组肝血流超声参数门静脉内径(PVD)、门静脉充血指数(PV-CI)、门静脉到达时间(PVAT)、门静脉流速(PVV)、肝静脉到达时间(HVAT)、肝内循环时间(IHCT)、肝静脉减振指数(HV-DI)及血清vWF-Ag水平,以及EVH严重程度不同的肝硬化患者PVD、PV-CI、PVAT、PVV、HVAT、IHCT、HV-DI及血清vWF-Ag水平;分析肝硬化合并EVH患者血清vWF-Ag水平与肝血流超声参数的相关性,以及超声参数联合外周血vWF-Ag对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张出血的的诊断效能。结果肝硬化组、肝硬化合并EVH组、对照组PVD分别为(1.25±0.20)、(1.52±0.25)、(0.78±0.15)cm,PV-CI分别为(0.08±0.03)、(0.13±0.03)、(0.05±0.01)cm/s,PVAT分别为(19.88±4.59)、(23.34±3.68)、(13.19±3.02)s,PVV分别为(18.13±4.38)、(15.88±4.23)、(20.20±4.16)cm/s,HVAT分别为(20.35±5.19)、(16.77±2.66)、(23.96±5.56)s,IHCT分别为(9.53±2.55)、(6.48±1.90)、(11.12±2.93)s,HV-DI分别为(0.62±0.12)、(0.75±0.13)、(0.51±0.11)及血清vWF-Ag水平分别为(150.15±19.61)、(211.09±50.83)、(90.33±10.28)有显著差异(P<0.05);肝硬化患者轻度、中度、重度EVH的PVD分别为(1.38±0.08)、(1.50±0.16)、(1.61±0.23)s,PV-CI分别为(0.12±0.04)、(0.14±0.03)、(0.16±0.05)cm/s,HV-DI分别为(0.72±0.09)、(0.78±0.12)、(0.84±0.15),PVAT分别为(21.11±3.01)、(23.45±4.23)、(25.67±4.92)s及血清vWF-Ag分别为(206.45±35.43)、(225.32±50.67)、(256.30±59.62)水平随EVH严重程度的增加而增加(P<0.05),肝硬化患者轻度、中度、重度EVH的PVV分别为(16.88±3.48)、(14.33±2.12)、(12.56±1.87)cm/s、HVAT分别为(18.45±2.68)、(16.34±2.22)、(13.26±1.08)s,IHCT分别为(6.29±1.76)、(6.01±1.46)、(5.91±1.03)s,随EVH严重程度的增加而减少(P<0.05);肝硬化合并EVH患者血清vWF-Ag水平与PVD(r=0.752)、PV-CI(r=0.750)、HV-DI(r=0.761)、PVAT(r=0.738)呈正相关(P<0.05,与PVV(r=-0.438)、HVAT(r=-0.441)、IHCT(r=-0.435)呈负相关(P<0.05);PVD、PV-CI、PVAT、PVV、HVAT、IHCT、HV-DI联合vWF-Ag对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张出血的的诊断效能明显优于各指标单项检测(P<0.05)。结论肝血流超声参数PVD、PV-CI、PVAT、PVV、HVAT、IHCT、HV-DI联合外周血vWF-Ag对肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张出血一定预测价值,可作为肝硬化前期预防食管静脉曲张出血的检测指标。     

急性阑尾炎32例胃肠电图分析

目的观察急性阑尾炎胃肠电图数据,了解其胃肠电活动情况。方法 32例急性阑尾炎患者术前行胃肠电图检查,观察胃肠电图波形平均幅值(P)、波形平均频率(f)、胃肠电节律紊乱百分比(RD)、波形反应面积(RA)、正常慢波百分比(PSW)。结果胃肠电图1、2、3、4导联P在(183.44±100.98)~(212.44±109.9)μV,f在(3.33±0.64)~(3.47±0.74)cpm,RD在(26.16±6.88)%~(27.8±7.23)%,RA在(67.84±35.55)~(73.00±40.51)μV.s;PSW在(50.84±8.59)%~(52.86±7.76)%。5、6、7、8导联P在(127.06±73.97)~(135.00±77.74)μV,f在(11.18±3.07)~(12.35±5.12)cpm,RD在(26.66±4.85)%~(28.06±5.23)%,RA在(46.16±27.21)~(50.16±29.75)μV.s,PSW在(45.05±7.35)%~(47.68±7.06)%。结论急性阑尾炎的胃肠电节律处于紊乱状态。     

本刊常用英文缩写词汇

本刊对于以下读者、作者比较熟悉的感染病学专业名词允许直接使用英文缩写,即除文题和内文中小标题外,在正文中下列缩写词汇第一次出现时,不必再标注中文。具体词汇如下:甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)肝细胞癌(HCC)血压(BP)红细胞(RBC)血小板(PLT)凝血酶原活动度(PTA)总胆红素(TBil)乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)聚乙二醇化干扰素(Peg IFN)丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)     

231例脊柱结核患者耐药情况分析

目的: 分析231例脊柱结核患者的耐药特点,为临床医生制定脊柱结核治疗方案提供参考。 方法: 回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院收治的231例脊柱结核住院患者信息,采用分枝杆菌微孔板药物敏感性检测技术测定来自231例脊柱结核患者的结核分枝杆菌对链霉素(Sm)、异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)、乙胺丁醇(EMB)、利福喷丁(Rft)、左氧氟沙星(Lfx)、阿米卡星(Am)、卷曲霉素(Cm)、丙硫异烟胺(Pto)、对氨基水杨酸异烟肼(Pa)、莫西沙星(Mfx)、对氨基水杨酸(PAS)、克拉霉素(Clr)、利福布汀(Rfb)、卡那霉素(Km)和氯法齐明(Cfz)的敏感性。 结果: 脊柱结核患者对16种药物的总耐药率为34.63%(80/231), 复治患者的总耐药率(75.44%, 43/57)显著高于初治患者(21.26%, 37/174), 差异有统计学意义(χ²=55.660,P<0.001)。脊柱结核患者任一耐药率顺位为:Sm(24.68%, 57/231)>INH(22.51%,52/231)>Rft(19.05%, 44/231)>RFP(18.18%, 42/231)>Pa(15.58%, 36/231)>Rfb(13.85%, 32/231)>Lfx(7.79%, 18/231)>PAS(7.36%, 17/231)>Cm(5.63%, 13/231)>Km(4.76%, 11/231)=Cfz(4.76%, 11/231)>Pto(4.33%, 10/231)=Clr(4.33%,10/231)>EMB(3.90%, 9/231)>Am(3.46%,8/231)>Mfx(2.60%, 6/231)。脊柱结核患者多耐药率为11.69%(27/231), 复治患者的多耐药率(19.30%, 11/57)显著高于初治患者(9.20%, 16/174),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.246, P=0.039); 耐多药率为15.58%(36/231),复治患者的耐多药率(52.63%, 30/57)显著高于初治患者(3.45%, 6/174), 差异有统计学意义(χ²=46.980, P<0.001)。 结论: 脊柱结核存在严重的耐药问题, 临床医生应根据患者药物敏感性试验结果制定有效的治疗方案。     

本刊常用英文缩写词汇

正甲型肝炎病毒(hepatitis A virus,HAV)乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)慢性丙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis C,CHC)肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)原发性肝癌(primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC)人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)     

帕金森病患者营养状况的调查及相关因素分析

目的 :调查帕金森病(PD)患者的营养状况。方法 :对117例原发性PD患者和120名健康对照者进行营养状态的评估,包括身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、上臂中点周径(MAC)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂肌肉中点周径(MAMC)和腹围等营养指标,同时记录PD患者基本情况,PD病情(包括病程、首发部位等)、Hoehn-Yahr(H&Y)分级、每日左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)、统一PD评分量表(UPDRS)、PD非运动症状问卷调查(NMS-Quest)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HDMA)和简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表等。比较PD患者与健康对照人群的营养状况,进行PD患者营养状况的相关性分析。结果:PD患者组的体重(P=0.012)、BMI(P=0.018)、MAC(P=0.037)、TSF(P<0.001)。男性PD患者的TSF(P<0.001)和腹围(P<0.001)明显小于对照组男性,MAMC显著增大(P     

应用灰色关联分析方法评价国家监测点在疟疾发病监测中的作用

目的 评价国家监测点在疟疾发病监测中的作用. 方法 分别以全国,监测点所在省(自治区、直辖市)和县(市、区)以及三类不同地区监测点所在省(自治区、直辖市)和县(市、区)2005-2008年的疟疾发病年报数据为参考序列(X0),相应的监测点疟疾发病网络直报数据(X1)和监测点监测数据(X2)为比较序列,应用灰色关联分析方法,计算参考序列与比较序列间的灰色关联度(γOi),并排列灰关联序. 结果 分别以全国以及监测点所在省(自治区、直辖市)和县(市、区)的疟疾发病年报数据为参考序列时,灰关联序为γ01(0.6112)<γ02(0.7329)、γ01(0.6091)<γ02(0.7304)和γ01(0.6523)<γ02(0.7990);在三类地区分别以监测点所在省(自治区、直辖市)和县(市、区)的疟疾发病年报数据为参考序列时,疟疾发病率较高地区的灰关联序为γ01(0.6163)<γ02(0.7518)和γ01(0.6766)<γ02(0.8267),疟疾发病不稳定地区的灰关联序为γ01(0.6563)>γ02(0.6495)和γ01(0.5986)<γ02(0.6074),疟疾发病率较低地区的灰关联序为γ01(0.6282)>γ02(0.6190)和γ01(0.5979)>γ02(0.5705).结论 总体上,监测点监测数据序列与参考序列的动态关系更接近,国家监测点监测能较好地反映疟疾年发病趋势.     

2017—2019年南京市1719株分枝杆菌耐药情况分析

目的 分析南京市分枝杆菌感染患者的人口学特征、疾病特征,以及临床分离株耐药性检测结果。方法 选取2017年1月至2019年12月南京市第二医院收治的1719例经分枝杆菌培养阳性患者作为研究对象,收集其年龄、性别、治疗史及是否并发艾滋病等信息。共分离1719株分枝杆菌,采用PCR-反向斑点杂交法进行菌种鉴定,其中,308株(17.92%)为非结核分枝杆菌(NTM),1411株(82.08%)为结核分枝杆菌(MTB)。采用绝对浓度间接法对菌株进行异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)、链霉素(Sm)、乙胺丁醇(EMB)、卡那霉素(Km)、阿米卡星(Am)、对氨基水杨酸(PAS)、卷曲霉素(Cm)和左氧氟沙星(Lfx)等9种抗结核药品的药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”);采用荧光PCR熔解曲线法进行MTB耐药基因突变分析。结果 308株NTM分离株除对EMB耐药率为40.58%(125/308)外,对其他8种药品的耐药率均达到90.00%以上。MTB感染者中,35~<65岁年龄组耐药率(36.01%,233/647)和耐多药率(16.07%,104/647)均最高;复治患者分离株的耐药率(34.17%,312/913)、耐多药率(14.13%,129/913)和广泛耐药率(2.63%,24/913)均高于初治者分离株[分别为28.31%(141/498)、9.23%(46/498)和0.40%(2/498)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5.076、7.099、8.836,P值分别为0.024、0.008、0.003)。1411株MTB分离株对9种抗结核药品的耐药顺位依次为:INH(17.65%,249/1411)>Sm(17.15%,242/1411)>RFP(13.39%,189/1411)>Lfx(10.70%,151/1411)>EMB(6.45%,91/1411)>Am(4.39%,62/1411)>Km(2.41%,34/1411)>PAS(1.84%,26/1411)>Cm(1.20%,17/1411);复治患者分离株对INH(19.39%,177/913)、Sm(18.51%,169/913)、RFP(14.90%,136/913)、EMB(8.00%,73/913)和Km(3.18%,29/913)的耐药率均明显高于初治患者分离株[分别为14.46%(72/498)、14.26%(71/498)、10.64%(53/498)、3.61%(18/498)、1.00%(5/498)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5.386、4.130、6.455、10.252、6.466,P值分别为0.020、0.042、0.024、0.001、0.011)。检测耐药MTB对INH、RFP、Sm、EMB、氟喹诺酮类和二线抗结核注射类药品的耐药基因显示,耐药突变分别以katG 315(65.44%,142/217)、rpoB 529~533(66.67%,124/186)、rpsL 43(69.23%,18/26)、embB 306(66.28%,57/86)、gyrA 88~94(100.00%,91/91)和rrs 1401(100.00%,26/26)等位点突变为主,基因型突变与培养得到的表型耐药符合率分别为87.15%(217/249)、98.41%(186/189)、86.67%(26/30)、94.51%(86/91)、100.00%(91/91)、86.67%(26/30)。结论 南京市分枝杆菌感染者以中老年人群为主,耐药情况严重,应普及分枝杆菌菌种鉴定和基线耐药检测,重视耐药患者的分子生物学检查,加强治疗过程中的耐药监测,关注异烟肼和氟喹诺酮类药品的耐药性。     

维生素D缺乏与脓毒症预后相关性研究

目的 探讨维生素D缺乏与重症监护病房(ICU)脓毒症患者预后的相关性。方法  检测2012年4月至2013年8月广西医科大学第一附属医院236例入住ICU脓毒症患者的血清25(OH)D质量浓度,比较25(OH)D充足组、25(OH)D不足组、25(OH)D缺乏组的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、主要生化指标、ICU留住时间以及28 d病死率。多因素Cox回归分析影响预后的危险因素。结果  (1)175例(74.1%)血25(OH)D减少,其中100例(42.3%)25(OH)D不足,75例(31.8%)25(OH)D缺乏。(2)25(OH)D缺乏组与其余两组相比,ICU留住时间更长,APACHEⅡ评分、血降钙素原(PCT)、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、血培养阳性率以及28 d病死率更高(P<0.01)。随着血清25(OH)D浓度的降低,APACHE Ⅱ评分增高(r=-0.716,P<0.01),28 d病死率上升(r=-0.376,P<0.01)。(3)25(OH)D充足组、25(OH)D不足组以及25(OH)D缺乏组中位生存时间分别为26.0 d、23.3 d和18.4 d(P<0.05)。(4)Cox分析显示,25(OH)D<20 μg/L(即维生素D缺乏)是影响预后的危险因素(OR 1.205,95%CI 1.154,1.257,P=0.006)。结论  脓毒症患者维生素D缺乏发生率高,维生素D缺乏是影响其预后的独立危险因素。补充维生素D或可作为脓毒症的一种辅助治疗手段。     

Anaerobic myocardial abscess following myocardial infarction

An anaerobic myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in a 60-year-old man when he had an acute myocardial infarction while recuperating from surgery for a paracolonic abscess. Anaerobic bacteremia is a common event and may lead to infection in areas of low oxygen tension far removed from the original portal of entry.     

曲尼司特对心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨曲尼司特对兔心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化干预作用。方法结扎左前降支制作兔心肌梗死模型,分实验组和对照组。3周后经胃管分别给予曲尼司特及安慰剂1月,心脏彩超评价心功能并检测血清转化生长因子（transform ing growth factor,TGF-β1）,I、III型胶原浓度及组织羟脯胺酸含量。结果实验组治疗前后心功能、心腔内径、室壁厚度明显改善,血清TGF-β1,I、III型胶原浓度及羟脯胺酸含量较对照组明显下降。结论曲尼司特可有效拮抗心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化,预防心室重构。     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.     

Assessment of myocardial viability with myocardial contrast echocardiography

The application of noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial viability has become an important part of routine management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. Information regarding the presence and extent of viability may help identify patients likely to benefit from revascularization or therapy directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is capable of defining the presence and extent of viability by providing an accurate assessment of microvascular integrity needed to maintain myocellular viability. It is especially suited for the spatial assessment of perfusion, even when myocardial blood flow is reduced substantially in the presence of severe epicardial stenoses or in a bed dependent on collateral perfusion. The routine use of MCE to evaluate viability in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease is now feasible with the advent of new imaging technologies and microbubble agents capable of myocardial opacification from venous injections. The utility of this technique for determining treatment strategies has not been established but is forthcoming.     

Assessment of myocardial viability using myocardial contrast echocardiography

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a technique that uses microbubbles as a tracer during simultaneous ultrasound of the heart. The microbubbles can be used to provide quantitative information regarding the adequacy of myocardial blood flow (MBF), as well as the spatial extent of microvascular integrity. In acute myocardial infarction, MCE can identify the presence of collateral flow within the risk area, and can therefore predict preservation of myocardial viability and ultimate infarct size even prior to reperfusion. After reperfusion, the extent of microvascular no-reflow can be determined, and has significant implications for recovery of left ventricular function. In chronic ischemic heart disease, MCE has also been shown to successfully differentiate viable from necrotic myocardium. This technique can accurately predict recovery of function after revascularization. More importantly, MCE can be used to identify viable segments that may help to prevent infarct expansion and remodeling, and thus improve patient outcomes.     

Emergency myocardial revascularization in acute evolving myocardial infarct

Immediate coronary artery bypass for acute evolving myocardial infarction could be the elective therapy if provided on useful time, because myocardial salvage can be achieved by early reperfusion. Thirty eight patients had emergency coronary artery by-pass graft for acute evolving myocardial infarction during the early phase: 35 were male, the mean age was 51 years (34 to 74). The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and surgery in this series of patients was two hours and a half. This interval seems to be also the time limit in our experience to get a partial or complete recovery of ischemic area. Four patients died in hospital, but they were in severe cardiogenic shock before emergency surgery. Twenty nine cases were free of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 18 months (6 to 36) and two suffered for residual angina. Three patients died after discharge few months later: two during redo emergency vein grafts operations, one in deep left ventricular failure, while he was waiting for heart transplant. All these patients operated on as emergency developed acute myocardial infarction during their stay in hospital waiting for catheter study, surgical operation or during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Saphenous vein grafts, were used in twenty nine patients, left internal mammary artery in nine cases, single in four and associated to saphenous vein in five, with an average number of anastomoses of 2.6 (1 to 6) for patient. ECG was found to be normal in 76% of the patients operated on within two hours and a half from the beginning of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)