高龄肾病患者的心理健康及人格特征

目的探讨该院高龄肾病患者的心理健康及人格特征。方法将2012年4月至2015年4月在该院就诊的老年肾病患者98例设为观察组,同时将98例不存在肾病的健康人群设为对照组。应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评价患者的心理健康状况。应用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评价患者的人格特征。研究肾病患者SCL-90量表各因子与EPQ问卷各维度的相关性。肾病患者EPQ问卷各维度对SCL-90量表各因子的作用应用逐步回归分析的方法研究。结果观察组焦虑、抑郁、精神病性、敌对、躯体化、偏执、强迫、恐怖、人际关系都高于对照组(P0.01)。观察组EPQ问卷神经质、内外向、精神质都高于对照组(P0.01)。神经质与焦虑、抑郁、精神病性、敌对、躯体化、偏执、强迫、恐怖、人际关系呈正相关(P0.05);内外向与敌对、躯体化、偏执呈正相关(P0.05);精神质与焦虑、精神病性、敌对、偏执、恐怖、人际关系呈正相关(P0.05)。神经质能够有效预测焦虑、抑郁、精神病性、敌对、躯体化、偏执、强迫、恐怖、人际关系(P0.05);内外向能够有效预测敌对、躯体化、偏执(P0.05);精神质能够有效预测抑郁、敌对、强迫(P0.05)。结论该院老年肾病患者的心理健康普遍较差,且人格特征出现明显的异常,亟需关注。     

个性特征与功能性消化不良的关系

背景:焦虑、抑郁与神经质个性有着密切的联系,并与功能性胃肠病的发病密切相关。目的:调查功能性消化不良(FD)患者与健康人在个性和焦虑、抑郁状态方面的差异,探讨个性特征与FD发病的关系。方法:采用龚耀先修订的艾森克人格问卷(EPQ成人版)和Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对130例FD患者和110名健康人进行评分,比较两组受试者在精神质、神经质、内外向和掩饰质四个特质个性,以及焦虑、抑郁情绪方面的差异。结果:FD患者的神经质和SAS、SDS分值显著高于健康对照组(P<0.001),内外向分值显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05),两组间精神质和掩饰质分值则无显著差异(P>0.05)。FD患者个性异常的发生率显著高于健康对照组,其神经质评分与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关(P<0.001和P<0.05)。结论:神经质和内向个性与FD密切相关,可能是FD的病理心理学特征和病因之一。     

脑卒中患者生命质量、人格特征及其相关性

目的探讨脑卒中患者生命质量及人格特征及其相关性。方法选取150例脑卒中患者为脑卒中组,同时随机选择150例健康体检者作为对照组,采用简明健康状况量表(SF-36)及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)分别对两组的生命质量及人格特征进行调查。结果脑卒中组生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康得分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);脑卒中组内外向、神经质、掩饰性评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);精神质与生理功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能呈负相关(P<0.05),内外向与精力、精神健康呈正相关(P<0.05),神经质与生命质量各维度呈现不同程度的负相关(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者普遍存在较差的生命质量及较为严重的人格特征问题,且人格特征可以直接影响其生命质量。     

老年人抑郁情绪与轻度认知障碍的相关性

目的评估老年抑郁症状与轻度认知障碍(MCI)的相关性。方法选取2015年7月至2016年12月就诊于神经内科和社区卫生服务中心的老年人603例,采用自行设计量表进行综合评估,采用老年抑郁量表(GDS)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估抑郁症状和认知功能,并根据评估结果分为MCI组和认知正常组,对两组相关因素进行比较。结果两组抑郁症状检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。线性回归分析显示,GDS得分与年龄呈正相关(r=0.23,P0.05),MMSE得分与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.27,P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,抑郁症状(OR=1.861,P0.05)、年龄(OR=1.367,P0.05)和教育程度(OR=0.754,P0.05)与MCI显著相关。结论老年抑郁症状、年龄和教育程度与MCI相关。     

口腔扁平苔藓老年患者的人格、心理特征

目的探讨口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)老年患者的心理因素和人格特征。方法比较OLP老年患者58例(观察组)和随机选取年龄相近的正常健康的志愿者40例(对照组)焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)结果,并探讨观察组SAS、SDS评分与病程、病变类型的相关性。结果观察组SAS得分(t=3.332,P0.01)、焦虑阳性率(χ2=8.556,P0.01)、SDS得分(t=3.713,P0.01)、抑郁阳性率(χ2=9.578,P0.01)均显著高于对照组;观察组SAS评分(t=3.546,P0.01)、SDS评分(t=2.779,P0.01)均与病程相关;SAS评分(r=0.534,P=0.013)、SDS评分(r=0.464,P=0.015)均与病程呈正线性相关;观察组精神质(t=3.178,P0.01)、神经质(t=2.225,P=0.028)评分均明显高于对照组。结论 OLP老年患者有抑郁和焦虑倾向,病程越长,程度越重,且有精神质和神经质的人格特征。     

重庆市农村社区老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素

目的探讨重庆市农村社区老年人的心理抑郁状况及其影响因素。方法采用多级分层随机抽样方法,以老年抑郁量表(GDS)作为评定工具,对重庆市820名60岁及以上农村社区老年人心理抑郁状况进行调查。结果①重庆市农村社区老年人总体GDS阳性检出率为43.88%,GDS总分平均(9.61±4.82)分,女性老年人和高龄老年人的抑郁症状表现更为明显(P<0.05)。②低文化、有负性生活事件、住房条件差、有慢性病、亲子关系差、娱乐活动少、月收入低、医疗费用高、有照料者、喜欢机构养老、认知水平高、日常生活能力差、幸福度低、社会支持少、性格内向、精神质和神经质倾向明显的老年人抑郁状况较重(P<0.05)。③幸福度、认知水平、日常生活能力、娱乐活动、内外向、神经质及生活事件进入回归方程,决定系数R2=0.570。结论农村老年人当中抑郁症状的发生率比较高,整体上较低的社会经济地位和健康水平以及社会支持的利用度较低可能是造成农村老年人的抑郁症状更为严重和普遍的重要原因。     

潍坊市农村老年人心理健康及其影响因素

目的了解潍坊市农村老年人心理健康及其影响因素。方法采用自编基本信息表、临床症状自评量表和艾森克人格问卷对抽取的250名潍坊5个县市区的老年人进行个别调查。结果 1农村老年人心理问题总体阳性检出率为58.4%。2小学以下文化程度阳性检出率显著高于小学和中学以上文化程度(P=0.002);在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、恐怖、偏执和精神病性上显著高于中学以上文化程度(P0.05),在抑郁、恐怖和精神病性上高于小学文化程度(P0.05)。3独居老年人在强迫、抑郁和睡眠与饮食上显著高于非独居的老年人(P0.05,P0.01);有疾病农村老年人在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性和睡眠与饮食7个症状上得分显著高于无疾病的老年人(P均0.05);不从事劳动的老年人10个因子得分都显著高于从事劳动的老年人(P0.01),经常参加活动的老年人焦虑症状得分明显高于不经常参加活动的老年人(P0.05)。4农村老年人心理健康各因子与神经质都呈显著正相关,与撒谎的人格特征均呈显著的负相关(P0.01);除强迫症状外,其他因子与精神质都呈显著正相关(P0.05)。5逐步Logistic回归分析,进入回归模型的是精神质、神经质和劳动状态(不从事劳动)。结论农村老年人心理健康状况不高,文化程度,独居、疾病、劳动状态、参加活动和人格特征影响老年人的心理健康;而精神质、神经质和劳动状态(不从事劳动)能够预测农村老年人的心理健康。     

原发性高血压与焦虑情绪的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压与焦虑情绪的关系以及原发性高血压伴发焦虑的危险因素。方法对89例原发性高血压病人及62例健康对照者分别评定汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)。将高血压组按高血压分级标准分为1级、2级、3级,分析比较不同等级间的一般情况和各量表间的差异。并进一步比较,原发性高血压伴与不伴焦虑的一般情况和各量表之间的差异,使用多因素Logistic回归分析寻找原发性高血压伴发焦虑的危险因素。结果原发性高血压组焦虑发生率为34.83%,显著高于正常对照组(14.81%)(P<0.05);原发性高血压组抑郁、艾森克人格问卷——神经质(EPQ-nervosity,EPQ-N)因子评分显著高于健康对照组(P均<0.05);随着原发性高血压等级的增加,病人的焦虑、抑郁和神经质评分逐渐增加(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高神经质评分是原发性高血压伴发焦虑的独立危险因素。结论焦虑情绪与原发性高血压密切相关,其中神经质因子评分对原发性高血压病人的焦虑发生起着重要作用。     

彝区老年人人格类型与主观幸福感的关系

目的探讨汉族、彝族和藏族老年人人格类型的特点及其与主观幸福感(SWB)的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷和SWB量表对越西县190名老年人进行问卷调查。结果 1彝区老年人总体幸福感显著高于平均水平,性别差异显著。2人格类型的民族差异显著,汉族与彝族在精神质和掩饰性、汉族与藏族在神经质、彝族与藏族在掩饰性上差异显著,但幸福感的民族差异不显著;神经质和内外向对SWB及其维度有显著的预测作用,精神质、掩饰性与SWB各维度间相关显著。结论彝区老年人的主观幸福感水平居中上、男性比女性更感到幸福;幸福感不存在民族差异,人格类型存在民族差异;神经质和内外向是影响彝区老年人主观幸福感的重要人格类型,精神质和掩饰性对SWB有一定影响。     

老年人乐观人格与抑郁、主观幸福感的关系

目的研究老年人乐观人格与抑郁、主观幸福感的关系。方法采用乐观主义-悲观主义量表、老年抑郁量表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表对578名老年人进行问卷调查。结果不同居住地、婚姻状况、受教育程度老年人乐观人格得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),乐观人格得分与抑郁总分显著负相关(r=-0.533,P=0.000)、与主观幸福感总分显著正相关(r=0.510,P=0.000)。老年人乐观人格总分能显著预测抑郁、主观幸福感得分(P<0.05)。结论培养和发展老年人的乐观人格,能减轻其抑郁情绪,增加主观幸福感。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND SELF-MEASURED BLOOD PRESSURE VALUE AT HOME: THE OHASAMA STUDY

We conducted a cross-sectional community survey in northern Japan to assess the relationship between personality and home blood pressure value. The Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to assess personality. A total of 999 people selected from the general population participated. We showed that the personality extroversion score positively affected the systolic blood pressure value, whereas no significant relationship was observed between personality psychoticism or neuroticism and blood pressure value. This study is the first to clarify the relationship between personality assessed by the Eysenck personality questionnaire and blood pressure measured in a non-medical setting. When physicians investigate the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, they should take psychological factors into consideration, as well as the many environmental and genetic factors.     

Relationship between personality and self-measured blood pressure value at home: the Ohasama study

We conducted a cross-sectional community survey in northern Japan to assess the relationship between personality and home blood pressure value. The Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to assess personality. A total of 999 people selected from the general population participated. We showed that the personality extroversion score positively affected the systolic blood pressure value, whereas no significant relationship was observed between personality psychoticism or neuroticism and blood pressure value. This study is the first to clarify the relationship between personality assessed by the Eysenck personality questionnaire and blood pressure measured in a non-medical setting. When physicians investigate the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, they should take psychological factors into consideration, as well as the many environmental and genetic factors.     

The mediating effect of coping style on personality and mental health among elderly Chinese empty-nester: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundMental health is a growing concern among older people all over the world. China has a rapidly aging population, and the number of elderly empty-nesters, who have no children or whose children have already left home, is on the rise. These older adults live alone or with a spouse. Therefore, we should be concerned about these empty-nester, especially their mental health, due to its vital role.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed from March to December 2015. The participants were 350 empty-nest elderly adults from Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia. Data were collected with the Elderly Mental Health Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. For the analyses, correlations, regressions, and structural equation models were used. Bootstrapping was performed to confirm the mediation effect.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 70.33 ± 6.67 years. Mental health showed significant correlations with extraversion, neuroticism, and coping style (all P＜0.01). Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were the independent variables, while mental health was the dependent variable in the linear regression model with stepwise analysis. Extraversion and neuroticism were entered into the regression equation. All standardized coefficients (β) were significant (all P<0.01) in the model, and bootstrapping indicated that the mediating role of coping style was statistically significant.ConclusionCoping style partially mediated the relationship between the personality and mental health of the empty-nest elderly. Consequently, to improve the mental health of the empty-nest elderly, coping style should be the focus.     

冠心病患者性格与发病率相关性研究

目的：探讨冠心病患者性格与发病率之间的相关性。方法：随机抽取门诊及住院部冠心病患者79例,非冠心病患者76例,采用由龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对观察对象进行性格特征的评定并比较。结果：与非冠心病患者的人格特征比较,冠心病患者的P维度[精神质（45.8±14.7）分∶（60.4±15.8）分]和N维度[情绪（49.7±13.5）分∶（59.8±10.6）分]得分明显升高（F=18.502,18.453,P〈0.01）。两组患者的性格类型比较显示冠心病患者性格类型多为外向情绪不稳定型（与A型性格类似）,其次是内向情绪不稳定型,两者相加占64.6%。结论：冠心病患者明显存在性格缺陷,帮助患者克服性格上的弱点,是预防冠心病的一个重要方面。     

Personality and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke

BACKGROUND: The role of personality in the causation of circulatory diseases has been controversial. METHODS: From June through August 1990, 41,442 residents of Miyagi Prefecture in northern Japan completed the Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and another questionnaire on various health habits. During 11 years of follow-up until March 31, 2001, we identified 90 deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 131 deaths from stroke. We used Cox regression to estimate the relative risk of IHD and stroke according to the three levels of four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), with adjustment for sex, age, and other potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Multivariate relative risks of IHD for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 0.7 for extraversion, 1.1 for neuroticism, 1.3 for psychoticism, and 0.8 for lie. Multivariate relative risks of stroke for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 1.0 for extraversion, 0.9 for neuroticism, 1.2 for psychoticism, and 1.2 for lie. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study does not support the hypothesis that personality is a risk factor for mortality from IHD and stroke.     

Personality and Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke

Background. The role of personality in the causation of circulatory diseases has been controversial. Methods. From June through August 1990, 41,442 residents of Miyagi Prefecture in northern Japan completed the Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and another questionnaire on various health habits. During 11 years of follow-up until March 31, 2001, we identified 90 deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 131 deaths from stroke. We used Cox regression to estimate the relative risk of IHD and stroke according to the three levels of four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), with adjustment for sex, age, and other potentially confounding variables. Results. Multivariate relative risks of IHD for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 0.7 for extraversion, 1.1 for neuroticism, 1.3 for psychoticism, and 0.8 for lie. Multivariate relative risks of stroke for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 1.0 for extraversion, 0.9 for neuroticism, 1.2 for psychoticism, and 1.2 for lie. Conclusions. This prospective study does not support the hypothesis that personality is a risk factor for mortality from IHD and stroke.     

老年急性髓系白血病化疗患者心理弹性与生活质量和情绪状态相关性研究

目的探讨老年急性髓系白血病化疗患者心理弹性与生活质量和情绪状态相关性,为治疗该病症提供参考。方法选取2017年6月—2020年6月在华西医院接受化疗的210例住院老年白血病患者作为研究对象,选用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、癌症患者生活质量量表(FACT-G)、正负性情绪量表(PANAS)、一般资料调查表对其进行调查,利用多元逐步回归分析老年白血病患者心理弹性水平的影响因素。结果本研究共回收208分有效问卷。经Pearson相关分析得出,心理弹性量表总分与FACT-G量表中社会/家庭、情感、功能状态维度得分及总分呈正相关(P<0.05);心理弹性量表总分与PANAS量表中正性情绪得分呈正相关,与负性情绪得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析可知,性格内向、对疾病的了解程度低、正性和负性情绪、生理状态、社会/家庭状态、情感状态及功能状态是影响老年白血病患者心理弹性水平的主要因素。结论老年白血病患者化疗后心理弹性处于中等水平,医护人员可通过改善患者的情绪状态来增强心理弹性,进而提高其生活质量。     

Introversion associated with large differences between screening blood pressure and home blood pressure measurement: The Ohasama study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of personality on screening blood pressures measured in clinical settings and home blood pressure measurements. METHODS: From 1997 to 1999, 699 participants underwent screening and home blood pressure measurements and completed the Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck personality questionnaire. An increased screening blood pressure was defined as screening blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg and an increased home blood pressure was defined as home blood pressure > or = 135/85 mmHg. RESULTS: Participants with lower extroversion scores (i.e., introversion) showed a greater difference between screening and home systolic blood pressure. The association between introversion and differences was statistically significant, even after adjustment for other possible factors (younger age, female, wide screening pulse pressure, never smoked, and no antihypertensive medication). The adjusted means of SBP differences were 7.3 and 4.4 mmHg among the lowest and highest extroversion quartiles, respectively (P for trend = 0.02). Other personality scores (psychoticism or neuroticism) were not associated with screening and home blood pressure differences. The incorporation of an extroversion score in the basic model consisting of the above factors that affected the difference between screening and home blood pressure slightly improved the prediction of a high home blood pressure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased by 0.037 among participants with high screening blood pressure and 0.006 for those with normal screening blood pressure compared with the basic model. CONCLUSION: Physicians may need to be aware of 'introverted' patients who have high blood pressure in clinic settings, because they have the potential for 'white-coat' hypertension.     

房室折返和房室结折返性心动过速患者的个性分析

目的探讨房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)和房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者的个性特征。方法采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷量表,对83例AVRT、105例AVNRT患者射频消融前后和50例对照组正常人的精神质(P)、内外向(E)、情绪稳定性(N)和掩饰倾向(L)值进行测量。结果射频消融前后,各组之间的P、E、N和L值相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);射频消融前后AVNRT组内女性患者的N分值较男性高(分别为12.93±2.83vs9.88±2.61;12.84±2.87vs9.87±2.64;P均<0.05)。结论AVNRT女性患者具有神经质倾向,这可能是在AVNRT中女性占多数的原因之一。