159例艾滋病死亡病例的临床分析

目的探讨艾滋病(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)病人的主要死亡原因,以改进防治措施,降低病人的病死率。方法收集2006年9月-2011年9月间159例AIDS死亡住院病人的临床资料,并进行回顾性分析。结果 AIDS死亡病人中,男性121例,女性38例。静脉吸毒感染占57.3%,性接触感染占39.6%,母婴传播感染占3.1%。17例接受了高效抗反转录病毒治疗(Highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART),平均生存时间(448.37±236.29)d;未接受HAART治疗的142例,平均生存时间(97.38±197.65)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病人中86%就诊时已为晚期,其中87.4%出现机会性感染,12.6%为非机会性感染(包括机会性肿瘤),近90%病人CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μL,临床表现复杂多样,主要死亡原因依次为呼吸功能衰竭(54.7%)、循环功能衰竭(14.5%)、多脏器功能衰竭(12.6%)和感染性休克(12.6%)。结论 AIDS晚期病死率极高,肺部感染是造成病人死亡的最主要原因,早期诊断和及时HAART是降低AIDS病人机会性感染或机会性肿瘤的发生率和死亡率的关键。     

深圳市HIV/AIDS病人死亡病例的临床特点和死亡原因分析

目的了解深圳市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)死亡病例的临床发病特点,分析导致死亡的相关原因。方法对深圳市第三人民医院2005年1月至2014年5月,203份艾滋病死亡病例进行整理、统计与分析。结果 2005年1月至2014年5月,深圳市共确诊HIV/AIDS病人7980例,累计死亡203例,病死率为2.54%。其中接受抗病毒治疗的累计2757例,死亡50例,病死率为1.81%;未进行抗病毒治疗5223例,死亡153例,病死率为2.93%,二者比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.062,P0.05)。死亡病例以汉族、初中以下文化、本市以外户籍、性传播、已婚的中青年男性为主。203例死亡病例中,死于AIDS相关疾病者153例(75.37%),其中未抗病毒治疗116例,抗病毒治疗37例。未抗病毒治疗组中,以肺部感染为主,其次是颅内感染和败血症;抗病毒治疗组中,也以肺部感染为主,其次是颅内感染和HIV相关肿瘤,两组的死亡原因均是以机会性感染为主的AIDS相关疾病。死于非AIDS相关疾病者50例(24.63%);其中未行抗病毒治疗37例,抗病毒治疗13例。未抗病毒治疗组中,以肝衰竭为主,其次为消化道出血和肿瘤;抗病毒治疗组中,以肝衰竭为主,其次为肿瘤和心血管疾病,两组的死亡原因均是以肝衰竭为主的非AIDS相关疾病。发病住院时被确诊为HIV感染的有146例(71.92%);首次发病症状和体征多以发热、咳嗽、气促及胸痛为主;确诊时首次CD+4T淋巴细胞计数50个/μL的有160例(78.82%),确诊到死亡时间在3个月以内的有117例(57.64%)。结论 AIDS相关机会性感染依然是导致AIDS病例死亡的主要原因,其次是肝衰竭和肿瘤,而晚发现、晚治疗或未行抗病毒治疗、经济条件差等,是导致AIDS机会性感染或其他严重疾病发生的主要因素。     

云南省245例AIDS患者死亡原因分析

目的　分析云南省245例AIDS患者的死亡原因及特点,为预防及干预策略提供参考。方法　收集云南省传染病医院2015年1月—2019年12月收治的245例AIDS死亡患者的病例资料,并进行回顾性分析。结果　245例AIDS死亡患者中CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数≤50个/μl 129例（52.65%）,86例行HIV RNA检测,病毒载量为（3.90±0.75）lg拷贝/ml;74例（30.20%）行高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART）,平均生存时间为（1106.0±72.5）d;171例（69.80%）未行HAART,平均生存时间为（710.0±25.5）d,行HAART组生存时间长于未行HAART组,差异具有统计学意义（t=9.338,P=0.002）。245例AIDS患者中183例合并机会性感染（opportunistic infections, OIs）。死于HIV相关性原因192例（78.36%）,死于非HIV相关原因53例（21.64%）。在行HAART组与未行HAART组中死于HIV相关原因患者分别为70.27%、81.87%,两者相比,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=4.100,P=0.043）;HIV相关死亡原因中,感染性休克在行HAART组与未行HAART组中的占比分别为24.31%、41.52%,未行HAART组死于感染性休克发生率高于行HAART组,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.603,P=0.010）。结论　AIDS死亡患者普遍合并OIs,且确诊时间晚、HAART率低、CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数低、病毒载量高。OIs仍然是导致AIDS患者死亡的主要原因,早期有效的HAART可以延长AIDS患者的生存期,降低病死率。     

四川省凉山州1995-2012年HIV/AIDS病人死亡情况分析

目的了解凉山州1995-2012年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的死亡情况及主要影响因素。方法利用中国艾滋病综合防治信息管理系统,对1995-2012年凉山州报告的28394例HIV/AIDS病人的数据资料进行描述性分析,应用寿命表法计算生存率、死亡率,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析HIV/AIDS病人生存时间的影响因素。结果累计死亡4075人(14.4%),其中因艾滋病及相关疾病死亡1494人(36.7%),吸毒过量死亡1001人(24.6%),其他原因死亡1457人(35.8%)。因艾滋病死亡的1494例HIV/AIDS病人中,诊断时平均年龄为(31.0±9.7)岁,男性1199人(80.3%),已婚有配偶970人(64.9%),彝族1398人(93.6%),经注射吸毒感染915人(61.2%),未接受抗病毒治疗1311人(87.8%),诊断到死亡平均时间为(28.9±24.1)个月。研究对象平均生存时间为166.97个月[95%可信区间(CI)=159.58~174.36]。1年生存率为98.42%,5年生存率为89.43%,10年生存率为76.39%,15年生存率为65.59%。总病死率为2.11/100人年。单因素分析结果显示,诊断时的年龄、民族、婚姻状况、职业、感染途径、病程阶段、是否接受抗病毒治疗,是HIV/AIDS病人生存时间的影响因素。结论凉山州HIV/AIDS病人因艾滋病死亡主要集中在农村,青年彝族男性为多;早期发现,及时接受抗病毒治疗可减少死亡。     

HIV/AIDS病人合并HCV感染对HAART不良反应的影响

目的研究合并丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染,对艾滋病病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)病人接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)后,不良反应发生的影响,为HIV/AIDS合并HCV感染的综合治疗提供依据。方法前瞻性观察167例合并HCV感染的HIV/AIDS患者(HIV/HCV组),接受HAART治疗2-5年出现不良反应的类型、频率、严重程度,以同期264例HIV/AIDS患者(HIV组)作为对照组。结果 167例合并HCV感染的HIV/AIDS患者中,163例(97.6%)出现疲乏症状,163例(97.6%)发生胃肠道反应,107例(64.1%)出现肝功能异常,98例(58.7%)出现血脂升高,83例(49.7%)出现药物性皮疹,56例(33.5%)出现腹泻,52例(31.1%)出现贫血。与HIV组相比,HIV/HCV组出现肝功能损害的频率较高(P<0.05),但严重程度无明显差异(P>0.05),其余不良反应发生的类型、频率及严重程度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 HIV/AIDS病人在HAART过程中可发生多种不良反应,合并HCV感染时更容易发生肝功能损害,选择HAART方案时应尽量选择肝毒性少的药物。     

行与未行HAART的艾滋病病人的死亡原因分析

目的分析进行和未进行高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）的艾滋病（AIDS）病人的死亡原因,探索护理对策。方法回顾性分析1996-2009年北京地坛医院住院治疗的AIDS死亡病例的临床资料,并对进行和未进行HAART者的死亡原因、免疫状态和病程等进行比较分析。结果 1996-2009年共有66例AIDS病人住院治疗,未行HAART的48例病人的死亡原因为：44例（91.6%）死于艾滋病相关机会性感染,2例（4.2%）死于消耗综合征和非艾滋病相关性疾病,其中1例（2.1%）为失血性休克;18例行HAART的病人中,死于艾滋病相关机会性感染7例（38.9%）,死于乳酸酸中毒、慢性重型肝炎所致的肝衰竭各3例（16.7%）,死于消化道出血所致的失血性休克2例（11.1%）,死于消耗综合征、脑梗死、极重度贫血/粒细胞缺乏症各1例（5.5%）。结论 HAART治疗后,AIDS病人临床相发生了明显变化,在临床实践中应注意观察并采取相应措施。在治疗过程中的护理,要提高病人服药依从性,并注意监测抗病毒药物的不良反应,做到早发现、早治疗。     

德宏州 驻马店市报告的HIV/AIDS死亡病例的死因调查

目的了解云南省德宏州和河南省驻马店市艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)死亡原因构成。方法 2011年下半年,采用回顾性调查方法,利用定量的"艾滋病死亡原因调查表"获取调查对象相关信息。结果对2010年1月1日-2011年6月30日间云南省德宏州新报告的529死亡病例和河南省驻马店市新报告的631死亡病例进行调查,分别完成523例和627例,死亡病例接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的比例分别为28.7%和67.8%;艾滋病相关死亡病例所占比例分别为65.4%(342/523)和71.0%(445/627),艾滋病无关死亡病例所占比例分别为34.6%(181/523)和29.0%(182/627)。结论德宏州和驻马店市的艾滋病死亡病例的主要死因为艾滋病相关疾病。     

凉山州首次接受抗病毒治疗的AIDS病人死亡情况分析

目的了解四川省凉山州首次接受抗病毒治疗(ART)的艾滋病(AIDS)病人,因AIDS死亡的情况及其影响因素。方法对2005-2012年中国艾滋病ART信息管理系统中的5525例凉山州艾滋病病人的基本情况、死亡时间、治疗情况、CD+4T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)计数检测结果等数据资料进行分析。结果共死亡430例,其中287例(66.7%)死于AIDS相关疾病。病人接受治疗时的平均年龄为(34.5±9.0)岁,男性占86.4%(248/287),经静脉吸毒感染占76.0%(218/287),从确认HIV抗体阳性到接受ART的时间平均为(21.0±19.1)个月,9.6%(26/271)的病例治疗前最近一年患有肺结核。按照世界卫生组织临床分期,50.4%(140/278)的病死病例在治疗开始时为临床I期;开始治疗时CD4细胞计数检测平均为(219.9±130.1)个/mm3,88.9%(240/270)在350个/mm3。34.1%(98/287)的病例开始治疗前3个月出现AIDS相关疾病/症状;平均时间为(12.7±10.6)个月。52.3%(150/287)是在治疗开始后的12个月内病死。不同性别、感染途径、临床分期、首次CD4细胞计数检测结果、治疗前最近一年是否患有肺结核的AIDS病人,其病死率的差异有统计学意义。结论因AIDS相关疾病死亡是凉山州接受ART病人死亡的主要原因;AIDS病人应定期进行随访和CD4细胞检测,及早接受ART。     

5例经HAART治疗AIDS病人的案例分析

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染人体后,损害细胞免疫功能,引起各种机会性感染和肿瘤,导致死亡.经高效联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)后,能够有效抑制HIV复制,建立HIV/艾滋病(AIDS)病人的免疫功能,显著降低AIDS相关疾病的发病率和病死率.     

HAART时代HIV/AIDS住院病人机会性感染疾病谱分析

目的了解高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)时代,住院艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)机会性感染疾病谱的特征和变化。方法回顾性调查并分析2012年1月1日至2015年12月31日,在南宁第四人民医院感染病区的住院HIV/AIDS病人的人口学特征,实验室检查结果,机会性感染、合并疾病及预后等。结果共调查符合标准的住院HIV/AIDS病人6 222例,年龄中位数48岁,共诊断合并疾病19 712例次,其中机会性感染13 802次(70.02%)。细菌性肺炎(44.17%)、肺结核(34.73%)、口腔念珠菌感染(31.36%)、马尔尼菲青霉菌病(17.52%)、肺外结核(16.68%)、真菌性肺炎(14.27%)、肺孢子菌肺炎(8.65%)、巨细胞病毒感染(4.61%)、单纯疱疹(3,57%)、带状疱疹感染(3.23%)为病人住院治疗的主要机会性感染。非HIV相关疾病有电解质紊乱(14.51%)及肝功能异常(10.38%)、高血压及心脏病(7.23%)、乙型肝炎(6.49%)、皮炎(6.28%)等。HIV相关肿瘤有淋巴瘤65例、宫颈癌32例、卡波西肉瘤40例,非HIV相关肿瘤284例。住院期间死亡604例(9.71%),自动出院608例(9.77%),平均住院(17±26)日。住院前接受HAART有2 393例(38.46%),治疗方案主要为拉米夫定(3TC)+替诺福韦(TDF)+依非韦仑(EFV)(13.37%),齐多夫定(AZT)+3TC+EFV(11.99%),AZT+3TC+奈韦拉平(NVP)(11.37%)。结论广西南部地区的HIV/AIDS病人住院原因主要为机会性感染,老年男性病人比率高。常见疾病为细菌性肺炎、肺结核、口腔念珠菌感染等,马尔尼菲青霉菌病有地域特色,需加强艾滋病防护知识宣教、早期筛查及纳入HAART。     

Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes over a 2-year period in both the mortality rate and the causes of death in a geographically defined HIV-infected population. METHODS: A database search of primary care information for the dates and causes of death for all patients documented with HIV infection and living in Southern Alberta between 1984 and 2003 was undertaken. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Causes of death were then individually confirmed by reviewing the patients' hospital charts, autopsy reports, or death certificates and coded using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revisions. AIDS deaths were reconciled with Public Health Reports. The time span was divided into pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1984-1996) and current HAART (1997-2003) periods. RESULTS: Between 1984 and 2003, there were 560 deaths in the 1987 individuals living with HIV infection in Southern Alberta. Of these, 436 deaths (78%) occurred pre-HAART and 124 (22%) in the current HAART period. The crude mortality rate declined from 117 deaths per 1000 patient-years pre-HAART to 24 in the current HAART period. In the pre-HAART era, 90% of all deaths were AIDS related whereas only 67% were AIDS related in the current HAART era. The leading causes of AIDS deaths were AIDS multiple causes (31%), Mycobacterium avium complex (18%), Pneumocystis pneumonia (10%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (7%). The proportion of non-AIDS related deaths increased from 7% pre-HAART to 32% in the current HAART era. Accidental deaths, including drug overdose (29%), suicide (7%) and violence (3%), hepatic disease (19%), non-AIDS related malignancies (19%), and cardiovascular disease (16%) accounted for the majority of non-AIDS related deaths. No deaths directly caused by drug toxicity were found. Overall, 21% of patients who died were antiretroviral (ARV)-naive. A total of 14% of patients dying from AIDS were ARV-naive in contrast to 35% dying from non-HIV related conditions. Of all those dying from AIDS, 23% died<3 months after their initial diagnosis, reflecting late presentation. In the current HAART era, 87% of patients who died from AIDS were extensively treated, reflecting HAART treatment failures due mostly to multiclass drug resistance (42%), inexorable disease progression despite ARV (32%), lack of ability or interest to be maintained on a lifelong HAART programme (21%) and, rarely, drug intolerance (<1%). CONCLUSIONS: Deaths from AIDS-related causes have decreased significantly, but deaths from non-AIDS related conditions have increased, both as an absolute number of deaths and as a proportion of all deaths in HIV-infected patients. The increasing age of the HIV population, and the increased mean CD4 count, increased proportion of intravenous drug users, increased hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection rate, and increased history of smoking seen in our population also influenced the mortality rate and causes of death. These factors must also be considered in projecting future trends in mortality of an HIV-infected population.     

Trends of mortality and causes of death among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan, 1984-2005

Background

The aim of this study was to analyse the trends of mortality and causes of death among HIV‐infected patients in Taiwan from 1984 to 2005.

Methods

Registered data and death certificates for HIV‐infected patients from Taiwan Centers for Disease Control were reviewed. Mortality rate and causes of deaths were compared among patients whose HIV diagnosis was made in three different study periods: before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (pre‐HAART: from 1 January 1984 to 31 March 1997), in the early HAART period (from 1 April 1997 to 31 December 2001), and in the late HAART period (from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2005). A subgroup of 1161 HIV‐infected patients (11.4%) followed at a university hospital were analysed to investigate the trends of and risk factors for mortality.

Results

For 10 162 HIV‐infected patients with a mean follow‐up of 1.97 years, the mortality rate of HIV‐infected patients declined from 10.2 deaths per 100 person‐years (PY) in the pre‐HAART period to 6.5 deaths and 3.7 deaths per 100 PY in the early and late HAART periods, respectively (P<0.0001). For the 1161 patients followed at a university hospital (66.8% with CD4 count <200 cells/μL), HAART reduced mortality by 89% in multivariate analysis, and the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.24, 0.33) in patients enrolled in the late HAART period compared with those in the pre‐HAART period. Seventy‐six per cent of the deaths in the pre‐HAART period were attributable to AIDS‐defining conditions, compared with 36% in the late HAART period (P<0.0001). The leading causes of non‐AIDS‐related deaths were sepsis (14.7%) and accidental death (8.3%), both of which increased significantly throughout the three study periods. Compared with patients acquiring HIV infection through sexual contact, injecting drug users were more likely to die from non‐AIDS‐related causes.

Conclusions

The mortality of HIV‐infected patients declined significantly after the introduction of HAART in Taiwan. In the HAART era, AIDS‐related deaths decreased significantly while deaths from non‐AIDS‐related conditions increased.     

广西HIV/AIDS病人死亡影响因素的回顾性调查

目的了解广西壮族自治区（广西）艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人（HIV/AIDS病人）中,与AIDS相关死亡病例和非AIDS相关死亡病例的分布情况,以及接受AIDS抗病毒治疗病例死亡的主要影响因素。方法采用AIDS综合防治数据信息系统中的HIV/AIDS死亡病例信息数据进行分析。结果对2010年1月-2011年7月死亡的5 265例有效个案进行分析,临床诊断为AIDS相关疾病死亡2 647例（50.3%）,意外伤害410例（7.8%）,其他疾病或难以确定与AIDS相关疾病的死亡1 973例（37.5%）,不详235例（4.5%）。4 382例（83.2%）未接受抗病毒治疗的主要原因是,发现较晚（46.4%）和家庭经济困难（13.7%）。2004-2011年7月底,累计治疗AIDS病人21 761例,死亡1 718例。在有完整资料的1 694例死亡病例中,825例（48.7%）在治疗后3个月内死亡;1 065例（62.9%）治疗前最近1次检测CD4T淋巴细胞≤50个/μL。结论未能及时就医或诊断时间较晚,免疫功能低下,是HIV/AIDS病人死亡的主要影响因素。要进一步建立健全监测检测和治疗体系,提高覆盖面和可及性,争取HIV/AIDS病人早发现、早诊断,及时开展抗病毒治疗,降低病死率。     

Trends in causes of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy,San Francisco, 1994-1998

To understand recent temporal trends in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mortality in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), trends in causes of death among persons with AIDS in San Francisco who died between 1994 and 1998 were analyzed. Among 5234 deaths, the mortality rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related or AIDS-related deaths declined after 1995 (P<.01), whereas the mortality rate for non-HIV- or non-AIDS-related deaths remained stable. The proportion of deaths of persons with AIDS associated with septicemia, non-AIDS-defining malignancy, chronic liver disease, viral hepatitis, overdose, obstructive lung disease, coronary artery disease, and pancreatitis increased (P<.05). The standardized mortality ratio was high for these causes in both pre- and post-HAART periods, except for pancreatitis, a possible complication of HAART, which demonstrated an increasing standardized mortality ratio trend after 1996. With increasing AIDS survival, prevention of chronic diseases, assessment of long-term toxicity from HAART, and surveillance for additional causes of mortality will become increasingly important.     

110例≥50岁老年AIDS病人的生存时间及影响因素分析

目的了解大冶市≥50岁艾滋病（AIDS）病人的生存时间及影响因素,为相关部门制订及落实AIDS病人的治疗、救助等政策提供科学依据。方法利用国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统中的数据,使用SPSS 15.00软件进行分析。结果 110例AIDS病人的平均观察时间为（15.91±3.86）个月;总死亡率为22.29/1000人月,AIDS相关死亡率为18.29/1000人月;截止观察终点,9年生存率为49.00%,平均生存时间44.86个月。单因素分析显示,性别和治疗情况是AIDS病人平均生存时间的影响因素（P〈0.05）,多因素COX回归模型表明,男性死亡风险高于女性[HR=4.723,95%可信区间（CT）：1.415~15.763];高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）能降低AIDS死亡风险（HR=0.066,95%CI：0.029--0.148）。结论≥50岁老年AIDS病人死亡风险较一般AIDS病人高,HAART是延长AIDS病人生存时间的有效手段之一,应进一步扩大HAART覆盖面,尽早进行治疗。     

Opportunistic infections as causes of death in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era in France

The objective of the study was to describe the underlying causes of death of HIV-infected patients in the HAART era and to focus on those related to opportunistic infection (OI), in a national multicentre study ('Mortalité 2000'). A total of 964 deaths were recorded and 924 cases were available for analysis. Underlying cause of death were AIDS-related (47%), viral hepatitis (11%), non-AIDS cancers (11%), cardiovascular diseases (7%) and others (11%). Among patients who died of AIDS events, 262 (27%) died of at least one OI. OIs reported at the time of death were Cytomegalovirus infection 67 times, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia 56, disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection 53 and cerebral toxoplasmosis 48. Compared to patients who died of other causes, patients who died of OIs were younger and more likely to be infected through heterosexual contact, in poor socioeconomic conditions, migrants, more recently diagnosed for HIV infection, and naive of antiretroviral therapy and OI prophylaxis. OIs are still a major cause of death in HIV-infected patient in the HAART era, especially among patients recently diagnosed for HIV infection and who do not have access to care, as well as in long term infected patients where prophylaxis should be revisited.     

有偿供血AIDS病人生存时间及其影响因素研究

目的探讨有偿供血艾滋病(AIDS)病人的病情特征、生存时间分布特征及其影响因素。方法采用历史性队列研究的方法,收集随州市经有偿供血感染的141例AIDS病人的病情、生存时间及其影响因素信息。用K-M法描述其生存时间,用Cox比例风险模型分析影响因素。结果病人的全身状况较差。主要死亡原因为严重感染、卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎和艾滋病病毒(HIV)脑病。141例病人总死亡率为78.04/1 000人月,AIDS相关死亡率为71.43/1 000人月。中位生存时间为6.00个月,95%可信区间为5.54-6.46个月。就诊或检出时状态、发病年代、抗病毒治疗(HAART)对生存时间有影响。结论随州市AIDS病人的病情较严重,生存时间较短。HAART能够延长生存时间。     

Mortality in Brazilian children with HIV/AIDS: the role of non-AIDS-related conditions after highly active antiretroviral therapy introduction

AIDS-related mortality has been significantly reduced in areas that systematically adopted highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In Brazil, despite advances in control policy, there is still a lack of evidence about trends in children on causes of death related or not related to HIV/AIDS. We evaluate temporal trends in mortality due to non-HIV-related causes of death in relation to HIV/AIDS-related conditions among children with and without HIV infection. This nationwide study included all deaths in children reported from 1999 to 2007. Mortality odds ratios (MOR) and rates were calculated to assess time trends of death in children with or without HIV/AIDS. These data were analyzed by calendar year, as obtained from official national database. A total of 680,763 deaths occurred in Brazilian children under 13 years of age; of these, 2191 (0.32%) had causes related to HIV/AIDS listed on the death certificate. The mortality rate from HIV/AIDS-related causes in Brazilian children ranged from 0.72 per 100,000 children in 1999 to 0.40 per 100,000 children in 2007, while for selected nonrelated causes the rate of death among HIV-infected children was stable at 0.08 per 100,000 Brazilian children. In children with HIV/AIDS, the MOR of having selected conditions unrelated to HIV/AIDS as a cause of death in 2007 (compared to 1999) was 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-3.08, p = 0.02), but without a significant temporal trend (p = 0.413) through the analyzed period. In Brazil, deaths related to HIV/AIDS mortality in children significantly decreased, while the unrelated causes in HIV-infected children maintained a stable trend. These data reinforce the success of national public health policies and the need to offer comprehensive care to children with HIV/AIDS.     

AIDS抗病毒治疗死亡病例临床分析

目的了解AIDS抗病毒治疗死亡病例特点,为开展AIDS抗病毒治疗提供有价值的参考信息。方法对2005—2012年在我院门诊抗病毒治疗过程中死亡患者的病历进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点。结果在我院治疗过程中患者累计死亡102例,年龄(46.13±15.24)岁,男性占77.45%,女性占22.55%,病死率为3.20%。死亡患者的基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为(72.61±77.15)个/mm3,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<100个/mm3者占72.55%,治疗12个月内死亡者占71.57%,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数>50个/mm3的患者死亡年龄大于CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤50个/mm3的患者(P<0.05)。结论 AIDS相关疾病是患者死亡的主要原因,死亡多发生于CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<100个/mm3和治疗后的1年内。