血清脂联素对西宁地区胃癌患者的诊断价值研究

[目的]评价血清脂联素对西宁地区胃癌患者的诊断价值研究。[方法]选择2016年1月～2018年6月在我院就诊的胃癌患者60例作为研究对象,再选择同期就诊的胃良性疾病患者100例和健康体检人群110例作为对照组,比较3组血清脂联素、CEA、CA19-9和CA72-4水平,再根据受检者是否合并Hp感染进行分组比较,使用ROC曲线评价各指标对胃癌的诊断效能。[结果]胃癌组脂联素水平低于健康对照、胃良性疾病组(P0.01),CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平高于健康对照组、胃良性疾病组(P0.01);幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染者胃癌组脂联素低于健康对照、胃良性疾病组(P0.01),胃癌组血清CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4水平高于健康对照组、胃良性疾病组(P0.01);未感染Hp者胃癌组脂联素水平低于健康对照组、胃良性疾病组(P0.01),胃良性疾病组CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平高于健康对照组(P0.01),胃癌组CEA、CA72-4水平高于胃良性疾病组(P0.01),胃癌组CA72-4高于健康对照组(P0.01);Hp感染胃癌患者CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平高于未感染组(P0.01),而血清脂联素水平差异无统计学意义;单项检测时脂联素的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最高,后续依次为CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9,联合检测时AUC高于单项检测。[结论]脂联素诊断效能高于CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4,而且Hp感染不影响脂联素的诊断效能,4项指标联合检测可大大提高对胃癌早期诊断的准确率。     

多种肿瘤标志物在胃癌诊断中的临床价值研究

[目的]探讨5种常见肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4、AFP)单独与联用时在胃癌诊断中的临床价值。[方法]检测60例胃部良性疾病患者(良性胃病组)和58例胃癌患者(胃癌组)血清肿瘤标志物的水平,比较不同肿瘤标志物单独及联用时的灵敏度和特异度,对各指标的临床价值进行评价。[结果]胃癌组CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4、CEA水平明显高于良性胃病组(P0.05),2组AFP水平比较差异无统计学意义。采用单项肿瘤标志物诊断胃癌时,灵敏度最高的为CA19-9(36.52%),特异度最高的为CEA(98.12%),ROC曲线下面积最大的为CA19-9(0.953);采用不同肿瘤标志物的联合检测诊断胃癌时,CA19-9+CEA+CA125组合时,灵敏度64.29%,特异度92.59%。[结论]CA19-9+CEA+CA125联合检测能显著提高诊断的灵敏度,具有较好的临床联合检测价值。     

联合检测血清CEA、CA19-9与CA72-4对老年结肠癌诊断的价值

目的探讨联合检测血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原(CA)19-9与CA72-4对老年结肠癌诊断的价值。方法收集老年结肠癌患者43例、结肠良性疾病患者40例、健康体检者100例的静脉血,检测血清中CEA、CA19-9与CA72-4水平,分析其对老年结肠癌诊断的价值。结果老年结肠癌组的血清CEA、CA19-9与CA72-4水平显著高于结肠良性疾病组和健康对照组,统计学有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结肠良性疾病组的血清CEA、CA19-9与CA72-4水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。三项指标联合检测结肠癌阳性率明显高于单一检测结果(P<0.05),且联合检测的敏感性及特异性均高于单项检测。结论 CEA、CA19-9与CA72-4联合检测能显著提高对老年结肠癌的检出率,对于疾病的及时发现治疗、病情的控制恢复有重要的意义,值得临床广泛推广。     

胃癌肿瘤标志物性能的临床研究

目的:通过测定血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖链抗原125(CA125)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖链抗原72-4(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)的水平,对其性能进行评价,探讨这几种肿瘤标志物(TM)单独与联用时对胃癌诊断的临床应用价值。方法:使用直接化学发光法测定65例胃部良性疾病患者和38例胃部恶性肿瘤患者血清中TM的水平,计算各指标的平均水平并比较不同TM单独及联合使用时的灵敏度和特异度。结果:胃癌组CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4、CEA水平明显高于良性胃病组(P0.05);采用单项TM诊断胃癌时,灵敏度最高的为CA19-9,特异度最高的为CEA,ROC曲线下面积最大的为CA19-9;采用不同TM的组合诊断胃癌时,灵敏度和特异度均较好的为CA19-9与CEA组成的组合。结论:血清TM的检测对胃癌的诊断具有较高的辅助价值,选择适当的TM进行联合检测有助于提高诊断的灵敏度。     

血清lncRNA PTENP1联合CA724、CA19-9、癌胚抗原检测在胃癌诊断及预后中的价值

目的探讨血清长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)PTENP1联合糖类抗原724(CA724)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原(CEA)检测在胃癌诊断及预后中的价值。方法收集2013年3月至2015年2月经新疆医科大学第五附属医院消化科确诊的110例胃癌患者作为胃癌组,108例胃良性疾病患者作为胃良性疾病组,选取120例同期健康体检者作为健康体检组。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法检测血清lncRNA PTENP1表达水平,采用化学发光法检测CA724、CA19-9、CEA表达水平。结果与胃良性疾病组和健康体检组相比,胃癌组患者的血清CA724、CA19-9和CEA表达水平升高,血清lncRNA PTENP1水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,血清CA724、CA19-9、CEA及lncRNA PTENP1水平与胃癌患者淋巴结转移、TNM分期均具有显著相关性(P均0.001)。联合检测CA724、CA19-9、CEA及lncRNA PTENP1在区分胃癌与胃良性疾病及健康对照的敏感度为96.1%,特异度为88.4%。生存分析显示,CA19-9、CA724和CEA表达水平较高的患者,以及lncRNA PTENP1表达水平较低者的生存时间较低。结论联合检测血清CA724、CA19-9、CEA和lncRNA PTENP1的表达水平对胃癌具有潜在的诊断及预后价值。     

CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4与CEA联合检测对胃癌诊断价值的研究

目的探讨胃癌组织及血清中肝肠-钙黏连蛋白(CDH17)、糖类抗原24-2(CA24-2)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)与癌胚抗原(CEA)的表达水平及临床意义。方法选取石河子大学医学院第一附属医院40例胃癌患者、40例胃良性病变患者及40例健康体检者,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)和电化学发光法检CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA 4项指标在血清中的浓度,采用免疫组化方法观察CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA在胃黏膜组织中的表达情况。结果胃癌患者血清CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA含量明显高于胃良性病变组及健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于胃良性病变组及健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA在胃癌患者血清中的含量可以反映其在肿瘤组织中的表达,二者水平呈正相关;联合检测CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA在胃癌中的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.5%和81.25%,与单项检测胃癌灵敏度和特异度相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测肿瘤标志物CDH17、CA24-2、CA72-4、CEA可提高胃癌诊断的灵敏度,有利于胃癌的早期诊断和治疗。     

血清TSGF、CEA、AFP、CA72-4、CA199联合检测在胃癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨联合检测血清恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子（TSGF）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、糖类抗原72-4（CA72-4）、CA199在胃癌诊断中的价值。方法选择胃癌、胃癌前病变、胃良性病变及健康体检者各60例,采用生化比色法检测血清TSGF,采用同位素法检测血清CEA、AFP、CA199、CA72-4。结果胃癌患者血清TSGF、CEA、AFP、CA72-4、CA199水平明显高于其他患者（P均〈0.05）,联合检测对胃癌诊断的敏感性为96.7%、特异性为81.1%、阳性预测值为63.1%、阴性预测值为98.6%。结论血清TSGF、CEA、AFP、CA72-4、CA199联合检对胃癌的诊断有一定价值。     

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原及癌抗原19-9和癌抗原242联检的临床意义

[目的]探讨消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）、癌抗原19-9（CA19-9）、癌抗原242（CA242）水平的变化及联合检测的临床意义。[方法]应用化学发光法和酶联免疫法测定178例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者（肿瘤组）血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,并与204例消化系统良性疾病（对照组）作比较。[结果]肿瘤组血清CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,3项联合检测可提高肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌的特异性（P〈0.05）,敏感性未见增加。[结论]联合检测消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,对临床诊断和疗效观察具有重要的价值。     

MRI联合血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125水平检测对胰腺癌诊断价值研究

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)联合血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平检测对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法选择2014年10月至2017年9月我院47例胰腺癌患者为观察组,另取同期47例胰腺良性病变患者为对照组。均于入院后行MRI检查,且在入院第2天抽取空腹外周静脉血,离心后取上层血清以电化学发光法检测血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125水平。结果观察组血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125水平均显著高于对照组(P 0.001)。胰腺癌MRI影像学表现:胰腺肿块表现为T1WI略低信号或低信号,T2WI略高信号或混杂信号;当肿瘤对胰周造成浸润时,周边脂肪表现为高信号,同时其中可存在低信号条纹状影。联合诊断的敏感度(100.0%)、准确度(95.74%)均高于血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125及MRI单独诊断的敏感度和准确度,且联合诊断的kappa值均高于各指标单项诊断。结论 MRI联合血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125水平检测可有效提高胰腺癌诊断敏感度及准确度,与病理结果较为符合,有利于为临床治疗方案的制定提供客观依据。     

血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9联合SCC检测在老年宫颈癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)联合鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)检测对老年宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法选择宫颈癌患者45例、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)患者34例和健康志愿者30例,分别设为恶性组、良性组和对照组,检测三组受试者血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC,分析单项及联合检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果恶性组TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC分别为(78.29±19.82)U/ml、(44.43±16.08)U/ml、(40.69±15.26)U/ml、(3.61±1.98)ng/L,均显著高于良性组和对照组(P<0.05);良性组TSGF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组CA125、CA19-9、SCC比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC单项检测诊断宫颈癌敏感度较低,联合诊断后敏感度升高,而特异度降低,其中四项联合诊断的敏感度最高,为93.33%,与其他诊断方式相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌患者血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC出现不同程度升高,四项联合检测可以提高对宫颈癌的诊断敏感度。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。