普格县特兹乡2005-2007年血吸虫病疫情分析

为探索高山峡谷地区血吸虫病综合防治的模式，进一步加强以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施，以点带面，推动和加快少数民族地区血吸虫病防治进程，现将2005—2007年四川省普格县特兹乡试点的血吸虫病疫情分析如下。     

普格县特兹乡2005—2007年血吸虫病疫情分析

为探索高山峡谷地区血吸虫病综合防治的模式,进一步加强以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施,以点带面,推动和加快少数民族地区血吸虫病防治进程,现将2005—2007年四川省普格县特兹乡试点的血吸虫病疫情分析如下。     

蒲江县血吸虫病2001-2005年综合防治效果评价

目的评价蒲江县血吸虫病综合防治效果。方法收集、分析2001—2005年蒲江县通过查灭螺、人畜查治病、微型水利、农业综合开发、建沼气池、退耕还林等项目综合治理后螺情、病情的防治效果。结果2005年血吸虫感染率0．06％，无耕牛感染，有螺面积压缩到176140m^2，无阳性钉螺。结论血吸虫病控制效果明显，但应继续加强综合治理防治措施，结合农发、水务、林业等项目工程优先安排到血吸虫病流行区实施，巩固已取得的防治成果。     

2005-2009年绵阳市血吸虫病国家监测点监测结果分析

目的为了系统、准确、及时了解血吸虫病流行现状,掌握丘陵地区血吸虫病流行动态、流行趋势和防治过程中疫情变化规律,为制定山区血吸虫病防治策略和评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法 2005-2009年每年对绵阳市涪城区血吸虫病国家监测点双凤坪村人畜感染率和感染度以及中间宿主钉螺进行调查,并采取感染者的治疗和消灭钉螺等综合防治措施。结果 2005-2009年,血吸虫人群感染率从1.91%下降到0.16%;耕牛感染率,黄牛、水牛分别从9.09%、1.72下降到0;钉螺感染率从0.10%下降到0,钉螺面积从30 985 m2下降到6 440 m2;仅在2005和2008年发现阳性牛,仅2005年发现感染性钉螺。结论 2005-2009年绵阳市血吸虫病国家监测点血吸虫病疫情得到控制,人畜感染率均在较低水平。     

国务院血防联系点四川省普格县特兹乡血吸虫病综合治理效果

为探索高山峡谷型地区血吸虫病防治模式,实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治策略,2005年4月普格县特兹乡被确定为国务院血吸虫病防治工作领导小组办公室联系点,在各级领导和专家的关心、指导下,在县委、县人民政府的大力支持下,经过全乡干部群众4年来的共同努力,取得了预期效果,现将防治成果总结如下。     

2005-2009年广汉市联江村血吸虫病疫情监测

目的掌握平坝地区血吸虫病监测点的疫情情况,为血吸虫病防治提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,对广汉市联江村监测点的血吸虫病疫情进行调查。结果 2005-2009年钉螺总面积从10 710 m2下降到7 870 m2,活螺密度前4年比较稳定,但2009年回升较多为1.17只/框(每框=0.11m2),5年来未发现感染性钉螺,钉螺主要分布在沟渠和稻田等环境。2005-2009年人群血清阳性率从7.44%下降到3.73%,人群血吸虫感染率从0.52%下降到0。2005-2009年家畜耕牛除2006年查出3头病牛,阳性率30%以外,其余年份均未查出阳性病牛。结论 2005-2009年广汉市人群血吸虫病感染率、家畜血吸虫感染率、钉螺总面积均下降,血吸虫病疫情得到较好控制。     

2005-2009年洱源县茄叶村血吸虫病防治效果分析

目的了解2005-2009年洱源县茄叶村血吸虫病防治效果,为云南省大山区血吸虫病防治工作提供科学依据,探讨防治方法。方法选择云南省洱源县茄叶村为试点,调查当地血吸虫病的流行特点。主要以查灭螺、人群及家畜查治病、血防健康教育以及自然与社会因素调查等为主的调查方法。结果通过5年的血吸虫综合防治,茄叶村钉螺自然感染率从0.16%,下降到0,已连续3年未发现感染性钉螺;人群血吸虫居民感染率从10.00%,下降到0.07%。血防知识知晓率提高达95%。结论洱源县实施以控制传染源为主、血吸虫病健康教育及人畜同步化疗等的防治策略,血吸虫病防治达到较好的效果。     

2007年江苏丹徒区三洲村血吸虫病疫情监测报告

镇江市丹徒区地处长江下游。是江苏省血吸虫病流行相对较严重的地区之一，2005年丹徒区高桥镇三洲村被列为全国血吸虫病监测点。为及时了解血吸虫病流行动态和规律，为制订血吸虫病防治策略措施和评价防治效果提供科学依据，2007年我们继续按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求，开展并完成了各项监测任务。现将疫情监测结果报告如下。     

2005-2009年德昌县血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

目的掌握大山区血吸虫病流行趋势和疫情变化规律,为评价防治效果和调整山区血吸虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求,每年进行人畜病情和钉螺调查,并采取相应的防治措施。结果血吸虫人群感染率从2005年的3.04%逐步下降,2009年未发现感染者;2005年耕牛感染率为2.56%,2007年以后未发现病牛;钉螺面积从2005年的16 440 m2下降到2008年的8 240 m2,2009年又上升至16 450 m2;2005年钉螺感染率0.001%,2005年以后未发现感染性钉螺。结论通过多年防治,德昌县血吸虫病疫情得到一定控制,应继续加强监测和巩固工作,防止疫情回升。     

基于数据包络分析（Malmquist指数法）评估 2005–2015年江苏省血吸虫病防治效率

目的　评估江苏省卫生血防全要素生产率（Total Factor Productivity, TFP），为血吸虫病防治工作可持续性发展提供方向。方法　运用数据包络分析（Malmquist指数法）对2005–2015年江苏省各血吸虫病流行市卫生血防人力和财政经费资源投入及各项血吸虫病防治工作量产出进行模型分析。结果　2005–2015年江苏省血吸虫病防治工作各类生产效率总体呈上升趋势，历年平均TFP变动率为2.3%。综合技术效率在略有波动中稳步增长，历年平均综合技术效率变动率为3.8%。技术进步变动前期波动较大，后期稳步增长，成为TFP增长的主要来源。淮安、常州等市TFP变动率增长较快，其综合技术效率较高；盐城、南京、淮安、扬州等市技术进步变动率较高。结论　江苏省卫生血防技术水平不断提高，技术运用和管理督导水平稳步上升。新技术新策略的应用对TFP贡献较大，未来应加大对新技术新策略的投入，保障江苏省血吸虫病防治工作可持续性发展。     

Tissue specific and cyclic expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 in the rat oviduct

Although much is known about the expression insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their receptors in the murine oviduct, significantly less is known about the expression of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). To fill this gap in our knowledge, we identified and characterized the tissue specific expression of IGFBP-1 to-6 in rat oviducts over the estrous cycle byin situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Tissues were analysed on proestrus (P1000 h, P2000 h), estrus (E0200, E1000 h), and diestrus I and II (DI 1100 h, DII 1100 h). IGFBP-1 was undetectable in the oviduct over the cycle. IGFBP-2 was selectively expressed in the luminal epithelium. The mRNA levels were high between P2000 h and E1000 h but low or undetectable thereafter. Immunoreactive IGFBP-2 was strong to very strong in these cells over most of the cycle. IGFBP-3 mRNA was undetectable in the oviduct; however, strong hybridization and immunoreactive signals were present in the mesosalpinx and mesotubarium, particularly at DI and DII. IGFBP-4 mRNA was not detected in the oviduct. In contrast, immunoreactive IGFBP-4 was observed in the luminal epithelium and the intensity was very strong after ovulation (E1000 h, DI and DII). IGFBP-5 and-6 mRNAs were selectively expressed in circular smooth muscle cells. Hybridization signals were evident over the cycle, but were greatest at estrus. By comparison, IGFBP-5 and-6 proteins were essentially undetectable in these cells except at DII 1100 h when immunostaining was moderate to high. Luminal epithelial cells were weakly positive for IGFBP-5 and-6. However, intense immunostaining was associated with the ciliated border and the luminal fluid juxtaposed to these cells during the cycle. The oocyte-cumulus complexes were immunostained intensely for IGFBP-2,-4,-5 and-6, but their mRNAs were undetectable. The signals were strongest in degenerating cumulus cells suggesting a potential role for these IGFBPs in cumulus apoptosis. These results demonstrate that the estrous cycle is accompanied by major changes in the pattern of expression of IGFBP-2,-4,-5 and-6 in the rat oviduct. We therefore conclude that the regulated production of these particular IGFBPs may be functionally important in modulating IGF activities in the oviduct, oocyte cumulus complexes, and perhaps the preimplantation embryo as well.     

ADAMTS-3, -13, -16, and -19 levels in patients with habitual abortion

A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) protein superfamily includes 19 secreted metalloproteases. Proteolytic substrates of ADAMTS enzymes have been linked to reproductive function. The aim of this study was to investigate serum ADAMTS-3, -13, -16, and -19 levels in women with habitual abortions compared with those in healthy controls. A total of 86 women were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. ADAMTS-3, -13, -16, and -19 values were recorded and analyzed in association with demographic and clinical parameters. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographics. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to ADAMTS-13 and -19 levels (p > 0.05). However, ADAMTS-3 and -16 were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively). To estimate habitual abortions using an area under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values for ADAMTS-3 and -16 were found to be 87.28 ng/mL (sensitivity, 64.44%; specificity 68.29%) and 15.75 ng/mL (sensitivity, 66.67%; specificity 68.29%), respectively. In conclusion, the pregnancy-loss rate seems to be affected by both ADAMTS-3 and -16.     

Disaster hypertension - its characteristics, mechanism, and management -

The devastating Great East Japan Earthquake, which was 9.0 on the Richter scale, occurred on March 11, 2011. Japan experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 16 years ago, and I was working at the epicenter, and reported the characteristics of the earthquake-associated cardiovascular risk and high blood pressure (BP) found during the continuous practice and clinical studies of Tsuna Medical Association before and after the quake. A major disaster increases thrombophilic tendency and BP, both of which trigger disaster-induced cardiovascular events such as stroke, cardiac events, etc. The high salt intake and the increased salt sensitivity caused by disrupted circadian rhythms are the 2 major leading causes of disaster hypertension (HT) through neurohumoral activation under stressful conditions. To better assess and reduce the risks for disaster-associated cardiovascular events, we introduced the web-based Disaster Cardiovascular Prevention (DCAP) network (which consists of DCAP risk and prevention score assessment, and self-measured BP monitoring at both the shelter and the home) to the survivors of the 2011 disaster, and frequently found newly developed HT. Here I review the recent evidence, possible mechanism and the management of "disaster HT" for effective prevention of disaster-induced cardiovascular events.     

Evaluation of Apaf-1 and procaspases-2, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as potential prognostic markers in acute leukemia

Recent studies have suggested that variations in levels of caspases, a family of intracellular cysteine proteases, can profoundly affect the ability of cells to undergo apoptosis. In this study, immunoblotting was used to examine levels of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and procaspases-2, -3, -7, -8, and -9 in bone marrow samples (at least 80% leukemia) harvested before chemotherapy from adults with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, 42 patients) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, 18 patients). Levels of each of these polypeptides varied over a more than 10-fold range between specimens. In AML samples, expression of procaspase-2 correlated with levels of Apaf-1 (R(s) = 0.52, P <.02), procaspase-3 (R(s) = 0.56, P <.006) and procaspase-8 (R(s) = 0.64, P <.002). In ALL samples, expression of procaspases-7 and -9 was highly correlated (R(s) = 0.90, P <.003). Levels of these polypeptides did not correlate with prognostic factors or response to induction chemotherapy. In further studies, 16 paired samples (13 AML, 3 ALL), the first harvested before induction therapy and the second harvested at the time of leukemia regrowth, were also examined. There were no systematic alterations in levels of Apaf-1 or procaspases at relapse compared with diagnosis. These results indicate that levels of initiator caspases vary widely among different leukemia specimens but cast doubt on the hypothesis that this variation is a major determinant of drug sensitivity for acute leukemia in the clinical setting. (Blood. 2000;96:3922-3931)     

Def-2, -3, -6 and -8, novel mouse genes differentially expressed in the haemopoietic system

To identify developmentally regulated genes during myeloid differentiation, a self-inactivating retroviral gene-trap vector carrying a beta-galactosidase-neomycin (SA/lacZ/neo) fusion gene was constructed and used to infect myeloid progenitor cells (FDCP-Mix A4). G418-resistant and beta-galactosidase positive cell lines (gene-trap integration [GTI] clones) were established and induced to differentiate in vitro into either macrophages or granulocytes. Expression of the trapped loci was monitored at a single-cell level by analysing the mature cell types for beta-galactosidase activity. All 37 GTI clones tested showed down-regulation either during granulocyte or both granulocytic and macrophage differentiation. The endogenous coding regions fused to the SA/lacZ/neo reporter gene were isolated from eight clones. Molecular analysis revealed that half of them represented novel mouse genes (def-2, -3, -6 and -8) which we confirmed to be differentially expressed in primary haemopoietic tissues. Database searches revealed no significant similarities for def-2 (associated with haemopoietic progenitors) and def-8 (expressed most strongly in peripheral leucocytes). Def-6, which is down-regulated upon the differentiation into myeloid as well as erythroid lineages, was found to be closely related but not identical with the recently described B-cell-specific switch recombinase SWAP-70. Def-3, which is down-regulated upon differentiation into granulocytes but expressed in progenitor cells and macrophages, defines a novel family of RNA binding proteins.