寨卡病毒衣壳蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及性能评价

目的制备抗寨卡病毒衣壳(Capsid,C)蛋白的单克隆抗体,并对该抗体的性质进行初步分析。方法设计并合成寨卡病毒C蛋白多肽,将多肽与BSA偶联后免疫小鼠,采用细胞融合技术融合、筛选杂交瘤细胞株,制备抗寨卡病毒C蛋白的单克隆抗体,并应用ELISA、Western blot及免疫荧光等方法对抗体的反应效价、亚型和特异性进行分析。结果筛选获得1株与C蛋白具有良好结合活性的小鼠单克隆抗体9C1,属于IgM亚型,其重链约为50ku,轻链约为25ku,该抗体能够与寨卡病毒感染细胞后表达的C蛋白反应。结论筛选获得了抗寨卡病毒C蛋白的单克隆抗体,该抗体具有良好反应性和特异性,为开展C蛋白的功能和寨卡病毒病的相关防治方法奠定了实验基础。     

抗恶性疟原虫重组谷氨酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的制备及其鉴定

目的　制备抗恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH)的单克隆抗体 (McAb) ,并对其特异性进行鉴定。　方法　用柱层析纯化的GDH/GST重组融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,采用杂交瘤技术制备McAb ,用ELISA和有限稀释法筛选出分泌高滴度McAb的杂交瘤细胞株 ,用 protein G亲和层析纯化接种杂交瘤细胞的小鼠腹水 ,测定其免疫球蛋白亚类及其效价 ,Westernblot分析其特异性。　结果　筛选出 6株能稳定分泌抗GDH单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株 ,单抗均为IgG1,Westernblot分析显示 ,6株单抗都与重组的GDH发生特异性结合。　结论　制备的抗GDH杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度和高特异性的单抗 ,为疟疾诊断技术的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

抗恶性疟原虫重组谷氨酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的制备及其鉴定

目的 制备抗恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的单克隆抗体(McAb)，并对其特异性进行鉴定。方法 用柱层析纯化的GDH／GST重组融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠，采用杂交瘤技术制备McAb，用ELISA和有限稀释法筛选出分泌高滴度McAb的杂交瘤细胞株，用protein-G亲和层析纯化接种杂交瘤细胞的小鼠腹水，测定其免疫球蛋白亚类及其效价，Western blot分析其特异性。结果 筛选出6株能稳定分泌抗GDH单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，单抗均为IgGl，Western blot分析显示，6株单抗都与重组的GDH发生特异性结合。结论 制备的抗GDH杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度和高特异性的单抗，为疟疾诊断技术的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

抗旋毛虫副肌球蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的利用杂交瘤技术制备分泌抗重组旋毛虫副肌球蛋白N端抗原（rTsP3）的单克隆抗体（McAb）并进行鉴定。方法以rTsP3免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合,筛选分泌高滴度McAb杂交瘤细胞株,制备腹水并进行纯化,采用间接ELISA法测定培养细胞上清液及腹水中的McAb滴度、相对亲和力及抗体亚类,Western blot法鉴定抗体对抗原识别的特异性。结果获得了2株稳定分泌抗旋毛虫rTsP3的McAb杂交瘤细胞株,分泌的McAb分别为IgG2b亚类κ型和IgG1亚类κ型,亲和力常数分别为8.98×108mol/L和9.7×10^8mol/L,Western blot显示2株单抗均能识别旋毛虫成虫匀浆蛋白、rTsP3及重组副肌球蛋白（rTsPmy）。结论成功制备了抗旋毛虫rTsP3单克隆抗体,该单抗能识别旋毛虫副肌球蛋白抗原。     

抗广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55ku抗原单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及初步应用

目的制备抗广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55 ku抗原单克隆抗体,初步应用于大鼠广州管圆线虫感染检测。方法利用Western blot鉴定能被感染广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫大鼠血清识别的特异性抗原,经电渗法获得抗原后免疫BALB/c小鼠;取脾细胞,采用常规细胞融合方法建立筛选分泌高滴度、高特异性单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,用ELISA、Western blot对获得的杂交瘤细胞株进行鉴定,用生产的单克隆抗体以抗体夹心ELISA法检测感染广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫大鼠血清循环抗原水平。结果经Western blot鉴定,得到能被感染广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫大鼠血清识别的广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55 ku抗原;获得2株分泌高滴度抗广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55 ku抗原的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,命名为ACV1和ACV2,其分泌的抗体均为IgG2b亚型,均能识别广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55 ku抗原,与日本血吸虫抗原等其他寄生虫抗原无交叉反应。用该单抗以ELISA方法检测感染广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫大鼠血清循环抗原,阳性率为73.3%(22/30)。结论制备的抗广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫55 ku抗原杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度、高特异性的单克隆抗体,该单抗可应用于广州管圆线虫Ⅴ期幼虫循环抗原的检测。     

寨卡病毒NS1蛋白的原核表达和单克隆抗体的制备

目的 高效表达和纯化重组的寨卡病毒NS1蛋白,制备抗NS1蛋白的单克隆抗体。方法 构建含有寨卡病毒NS1基因的原核表达质粒,利用大肠杆菌大量表达重组NS1蛋白,纯化蛋白后免疫小鼠并进行细胞融合,筛选制备高纯度的单克隆抗体。结果 在大肠杆菌中高效表达了重组NS1蛋白,重组NS1蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,筛选出3株分泌针对寨卡病毒NS1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为6B8、7D11和3E2,纯化的单克隆抗体与重组NS1蛋白有良好的特异性反应。结论 利用重组NS1蛋白免疫制备了抗NS1的单克隆抗体,为后续建立针对NS1蛋白的ELISA检测方法及相关研究提供了基础。     

抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定鼠源抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ单克隆抗体（Monoclonal Antibody,McAb）。方法重组Der fⅡ蛋白为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取小鼠免疫脾细胞与NS-1细胞融合。间接ELISA法筛选特异性分泌的杂交瘤细胞。用筛选获得的单克隆细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,蛋白G亲和层析法纯化腹水抗体。利用Ig类与亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定该单克隆抗体的Ig亚型;通过间接ELISA、Western Blotting方法鉴定该单克隆抗体的特性和交叉性。结果获得5株IgG2a型鼠抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的单克隆抗体,效价良好。ELISA和Western Blotting分析表明该5株单抗均可识别重组Der fⅡ蛋白和天然粉尘螨提取物。结论成功制备了5株鼠抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的单克隆抗体,为建立粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的检测及纯化方法奠定了基础。     

抗华支睾吸虫单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：建立分泌抗华支睾吸虫成虫的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株并进行鉴定。方法：用华支睾吸虫成虫可溶性抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞ＳＰ２／０融合，筛选分泌高滴度单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，测定单抗免疫球蛋白亚类和单抗效价，检测单抗与日本血吸虫虫卵抗原、卫氏并殖吸虫成虫抗原和猪囊尾蚴抗原的交叉反应，用ＩＦＡＴ进行单抗识别的抗原定位。结果：获得５株分泌高滴度抗华支睾吸虫成虫单抗的杂交瘤细胞株，其分泌的抗体与日本血吸虫、卫氏并殖吸虫和猪囊尾蚴抗原均不发生交叉反应；５株单抗均属ＩｇＭ；单抗所识别的抗原定位于华支睾吸虫肠管壁。结论：制备的抗华支睾吸虫成虫的杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度和高特异性的单抗。     

抗弓形虫表膜抗原P30单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备抗弓形虫主要表膜抗原P30单克隆抗体并进行鉴定,进而为弓形虫病诊断、抗原的提纯及亚单位疫苗的制备等提供可靠依据。用弓形虫速殖子膜蛋白为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,筛选出能够稳定分泌高滴度抗P30单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并测定单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白亚类和抗体效价,用IFAT进行单抗识别的抗原定位,并通过SDS-PAGE和Western-Blot分析鉴定。结果获得了两株抗P30抗原的杂交瘤细胞株E3和G2,其分泌的抗体与肺孢子虫、隐孢子虫等抗原均不发生交叉反应。2株单抗均属IgG1亚类,且识别的抗原定位于速殖子表膜。结果表明,制备的抗P30抗原的杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度和特异性的单克隆抗体。     

牛布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及部分特性鉴定

目的 制备牛布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体(单抗),并对其部分特性进行鉴定.方法 选用布鲁氏杆菌地方株牛三型菌S85A抗原免疫BALB/c鼠,应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,取脾细胞并与SP2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合,通过间接ELISA筛选,得到能稳定分泌抗牛布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并鉴定其抗体亚类.结果 经3次有限稀释法克隆,间接ELISA筛选,得到4株能稳定分泌抗牛布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.抗体亚类分别为3株IgG 2b和1株IgG3.结论 间接ELISA方法证实这些单抗仅与牛种布鲁氏杆菌呈阳性反应,而与其他种的布鲁氏杆菌菌株均无交叉反应.证明得到的细胞株是牛种布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体分泌细胞株.     

High-titer HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response of rhesus macaques to gp160 and env peptides.

Three groups of four rhesus macaques were immunized twice, one month apart with purified recombinant HIV-1LAI gp160 in the presence of either alum, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), or SAF-1. Two months later, the animals were injected twice again with a synthetic peptide with the sequence of the principal neutralization determinant (PND) of the HIV-1LAI isolate mixed with the same adjuvants. All animals received a booster injection of gp160 and PND peptide at 6 months. This regimen of immunization induced in the SAF-1 and IFA groups a high-titer neutralizing antibody response that declined progressively over the course of the following 6 months. In contrast, only a weak response was observed in the alum group. Neutralizing antibody titers varied as anti-PND titers, suggesting that they were principally targeted to the PND. A shortened immunization protocol comprising two injections of gp160 at 0 and 1 month followed by one injection of PND peptide at 3 months is suggested as optimal for the induction of high titers of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in primates.     

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Background: In 2015–2016, a large Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak occurred in the Americas. Although the exact ZIKV antibody kinetics after infection are unknown, recent evidence indicates the rapid waning of ZIKV antibodies in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine the levels of ZIKV antibodies more than three years after a ZIKV infection. Methods: We performed ZIKV virus neutralization tests (VNT) and a commercial ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA in a cohort of 49 participants from Suriname who had a polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed ZIKV infection more than three years ago. Furthermore, we determined the presence of antibodies against multiple dengue virus (DENV) antigens. Results: The ZIKV seroprevalence in this cohort, assessed with ZIKV VNT and ZIKV NS1 IgG ELISA, was 59.2% and 63.3%, respectively. There was, however, no correlation between these two tests. Furthermore, we did not find evidence of a potential negative influence of DENV immunity on ZIKV antibody titers. Conclusions: ZIKV seroprevalence, assessed with two commonly used serological tests, was lower than expected in this cohort of participants who had a confirmed previous ZIKV infection. This can have implications for future ZIKV seroprevalence studies and possibly for the duration of immunological protection after a ZIKV infection.     

抗梅毒螺旋体重组蛋白Tp0453单克隆抗体的制备及应用研究

目的利用基因重组抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗梅毒螺旋体(Tp)重组蛋白Tp0453的单克隆抗体(mAb),评价其在早期梅毒Tp抗原诊断中的应用。方法以重组蛋白Tp0453免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫后的小鼠脾脏与SP2/0细胞融合,用间接ELISA和Western Blot检测杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体,并对阳性细胞经亚克隆建株;体内诱生腹水法制备抗体,用硫酸铵沉淀法对mAb进行纯化并测定其亚类和效价;以自制的mAb建立间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测梅毒患者分泌物标本,并与镀银染色的检测结果进行比较。结果获得4株稳定分泌抗重组蛋白Tp0453的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为15B2、8B9、9C6和2F8,其mAb效价分别为1∶25000、1∶8000、1∶50000、1∶10000;2F8杂交瘤细胞分泌的mAb为IgG2b,其他3株交瘤细胞分泌的mAb均为IgG1;4株mAb腹水经SDS-PAGE均显示出一条分子量约为50kDa的重链条带和一条分子量为26kDa的轻链条带;4株杂交瘤细胞染色体数在90～108范围内变化。IIF显示自制的mAb能与天然的Tp抗原结合,检测86例分泌物标本,IIF与镀银染色的符合率为95.3%。结论本实验成功获得了抗Tp0453重组蛋白的mAb,该mAb能识别天然的Tp0453抗原,有望应用于早期梅毒感染的抗原检测。     

Down-regulation of Th1-mediated pathology in experimental arthritis by stimulation of the Th2 arm of the immune response

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether systemic administration of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN gamma), a proinflammatory cytokine that influences the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, promotes the induction of arthritis in DBA/1 mice immunized with type II collagen (CII) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA) and to determine the antiarthritic effect of treatment with CII in IFA. METHODS: DBA/1 mice were immunized with CII in IFA and injected intraperitoneally with rIFN gamma (8,000 units/mouse/day) or with recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12; 100 ng/mouse/day). In another experiment, mice were immunized with CII in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) and treated with a single dose of CII in IFA on the day of immunization or on the day of disease onset. Mice were monitored to assess the effect of the treatment on the severity of disease. Th1/Th2 cytokines and anti-CII antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The administration of rIL-12 or rIFN gamma to mice immunized with CII in IFA restored the Th1 response and resulted in the development of arthritis. We then determined whether immunization with CII in IFA had the capacity to prevent and/or ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis. A single intraperitoneal injection of CII in IFA prevented arthritis when given at the time of immunization with CII in CFA and reduced disease severity when given at the time of arthritis onset. The administration of CII in IFA resulted in a profound down-regulation of IFN gamma production and an up-regulation of IL-10 in cultures of draining lymph node cells. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that it is possible to deflect an ongoing pathogenic Th1 response to an antigen by reimmunization of the same antigen with a Th2-polarizing adjuvant.     

Ⅱ型登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1血清型特异性单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定Ⅱ型登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1(DV2-NS1)的血清型特异性单克隆抗体。方法以具有良好抗原性的重组DV2-NS1蛋白与灭活的Ⅱ型登革病毒(DV2)混合免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,杂交瘤细胞经间接ELISA法、IFA法筛选,ELISA、IFA及WesternBlot对mAbs的类型及亚类、交叉实验及特异性等进行鉴定。结果免疫的Balb/c小鼠经多次融合筛选,共获得14株血清型特异性抗DV2-NS1蛋白的mAbs,其亚类测定两株为IgG2b,余均为IgG1。ELISA和免疫印迹显示这些mAbs与重组DV2-NS1蛋白和DV2抗原均特异性结合,IFA结果显示这14株单抗特异结合Ⅱ型登革病毒,与其它3型登革病毒无交叉。结论成功获得了特异性针对DV2-NS1蛋白的mAb,为进一步研究NS1蛋白的结构和功能以及研制早期诊断试剂奠定基础。     

Zika Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen-Capture Immunoassay

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, typically results in mild self-limited illness, but severe neurological disease occurs in a limited subset of patients. In contrast, serious outcomes commonly occur in pregnancy that affect the developing fetus, including microcephaly and other major birth defects. The genetic similarity of ZIKV to other widespread flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), presents a challenge to the development of specific ZIKV diagnostic assays. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is established for use in immunodiagnostic assays for flaviviruses. To address the cross-reactivity of ZIKV NS1 with proteins from other flaviviruses we used site-directed mutagenesis to modify putative epitopes. Goat polyclonal antibodies to variant ZIKV NS1 were affinity-purified to remove antibodies binding to the closely related NS1 protein of DENV. An antigen-capture ELISA configured with the affinity-purified polyclonal antibody showed a linear dynamic range between approximately 500 and 30 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of between 1.95 and 7.8 ng/mL. NS1 proteins from DENV, yellow fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus showed significantly reduced reactivity in the ZIKV antigen-capture ELISA. Refinement of approaches similar to those employed here could lead to development of ZIKV-specific immunoassays suitable for use in areas where infections with related flaviviruses are common.     

Synthesis and immunochemical characterization of neoglycoproteins containing epitopes of the inner core region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNA group I lipopolysaccharide

The disaccharide allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-7-O-carbamoyl-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranoside 5 (GalNAc-cmHep-allyl) was synthesized starting from 1 and 2. Compound 5, cmHep-allyl and the disaccharide cmHep-(1-->3)-Hep-allyl were converted into cysteamine-spacered derivatives and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to yield the neoglycoconjugates 7--9, respectively. These conjugates were used to immunize mice and to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which were characterized in comparison to mAbs obtained after immunization with heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain H4. Two antibodies obtained after immunization with the neoglycoconjugates bound strongly to cmHep-BSA and with lower affinity to cmHep-Hep-BSA but did not bind to GalNAc-cmHep-BSA or to H4 LPS. Another antibody obtained after immunization with heat-killed bacteria bound to LPS and GalNAc-cmHep-BSA but not to cmHep-Hep-BSA or cmHep-BSA     

SARS病毒Spike蛋白重组腺病毒疫苗的构建及其免疫学分析

目的构建基于sARS病毒Spike（S）蛋白的重组腺病毒,并对该重组腺病毒进行初步鉴定和免疫学探讨。方法通过全基因合成得到全长S蛋白基因,利用Ad5腺病毒系统构建S蛋白基因的重组腺病毒,采用间接免疫荧光（IFA）试验和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）对S蛋白的表达进行鉴定,再用重组腺病毒免疫小鼠,观察小鼠抗体诱生情况,从而对该重组腺病毒的免疫效果进行初步评价。结果PCR扩增重组腺病毒质粒外源片段,大小为800bp,与预期值一致;Western blot和IFA结果表明,重组腺病毒（rAd-S）表达S蛋白能被马抗SARS血清识别;ELISA检测结果显示,rAd-S能刺激小鼠机体产生抗体。结论重组腺病毒系统成功表达了SARS病毒S蛋白,免疫小鼠产生S蛋白特异的抗体。     

Antigenic triggers and molecular targets for anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies

While anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibodies are a characteristic serologic hallmark for SLE, the triggering antigen is unknown. Using phage display libraries, we identified DWEYSVWLSN as a peptide mimic of DNA for a pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibody. Peptide immunization of non-autoimmune mice induced anti-dsDNA as well as other lupus-associated antibodies. Molecular analysis of the induced anti-dsDNA antibodies revealed several similarities with anti-dsDNA antibodies that appear spontaneously in lupus mice. Furthermore, lupus-prone mice immunized with this peptide DNA mimic had higher autoantibody titers as well as more severe nephritis. Anti-DNA antibodies may contribute to lupus nephritis via cross-reactivity with renal antigen. Using western blotting of lysates of mesangial cells from a lupus mouse, we found that a pathogenic anti-DNA antibody binds to alpha-actinin. High titers of anti-alpha-actinin antibodies were present in the sera and kidney eluates of lupus mice with active disease. Binding to alpha-actinin was diminished in mesangial cells derived from BALB/c mice, suggesting that target antigen expression may play a role in determining autoantibody binding to the kidney. We conclude that a pathogenic, lupus-like autoantibody response can be induced by a peptide antigen, and that alpha-actinin is a cross-reactive renal target for the pathogenic anti-dsDNA autoantibody response in lupus mice.