以棕尾别麻蝇蛹繁殖丽蝇蛹集金小蜂最佳条件研究

目的探讨以棕尾别麻蝇蛹繁殖丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的最佳条件。方法采用实验室方法。结果繁殖用羽化后5d左右且集中交配过的丽蝇蛹集金小蜂效果最佳；棕尾别麻蝇蛹的化蛹时间1～2d最佳；接蜂时，丽蝇蛹集金小蜂和棕尾别麻蝇蛹的最佳比例为1：10。结论明确了以棕尾别麻蝇蛹繁殖丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的最佳条件。     

蝇蛹冷藏对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生和繁殖的影响

目的研究蝇蛹冷藏对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生和繁殖的影响。方法观察丽蝇蛹集金小蜂对4℃冷藏三种蝇蛹的寄生率、出蜂率、平均出蜂数和丽蝇蛹集金小蜂后代的雌蜂比。结果冷藏后,三种蝇蛹的寄生率、出蜂率、平均出蜂数和丽蝇蛹集金小蜂后代的雌蜂比均显著低于对照蛹,考查指标与冷藏时间均呈负相关关系。结论蝇蛹冷藏可对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的寄生和繁殖产生负面影响。     

棕尾别麻蝇蛹3个发育时期的转录组差异分析

目的探讨棕尾别麻蝇(Boettcherisca peregrine)蛹3个时期转录组的差异表达,为进一步探究棕尾别麻蝇蛹各个时期转录组变化提供实验数据。方法提取棕尾别麻蝇蛹3个时期第1(MY1)、5(MY2)和10天(MY3)的蝇蛹总RNA,反转录成c DNA,并进行测序,使用软件edge R对基因差异表达进行分析,对差异基因进行GO分类统计和富集分析;对已被注释的基因单基因簇(Unigene)进行KEGG代谢通路分析;使用MISA对Unigene进行简单重复序列(SSR)检测。结果蝇蛹3个时期c DNA经基因差异表达分析,得到各时期样品基因组表达水平,共捕获38 727条Unigenes,将不同时期的蝇蛹转录组进行两两比较,其差异表达基因数介于1 263~2 430,差异基因总数为5 283。聚类图型得到MY1、MY2和MY3组的两个样品表达模式相似,聚为一支。棕尾别麻蝇蛹转录组共有8 856个Unigenes被注释,被注释到的代谢通路有336个。SSR查找发现,从8 645个Unigenes中共查找到12 146个SSR位点,占Unigene总数的22.3%。其中,单核苷酸重复所占比例最高,达到69.2%,其次是三核苷酸重复(21.0%)。SSR不同重复基元类型中,出现频率最高的为A/T,其次是AAC/GTT、AG/GT。结论棕尾别麻蝇蛹在不同时期基因表达有显著差异。     

不同饲料和湿度对丝光绿蝇羽化率的影响

目的 观察比较不同饲料和蛹期湿度对室内连续饲养的丝光绿蝇羽化率的影响。方法 将野外丝光绿蝇引入室内，分别以麦麸为主（A组）和以鱼粉为主（B组）的两种幼虫饲料在室内进行连续饲养，将各代蛹分别置于瓶中羽化，瓶内置湿棉球，另外挑取鱼粉粗蝇蛹于瓶中，但不置湿棉球（C组），观察各组各代羽化率。结果 鱼粉组（B组）与麦麸组（A组）第1－4代羽化率经t－检验两组间差异无显著性，第5代鱼粉组（B组）羽化率显著性高于麦麸组（A组），将鱼粉组饲养的蝇蛹置于瓶中置湿棉球（B组）与不置湿棉球（C组）作比较，两组间各代差异均无显著性。组内各代间比较，各组第2－5组内代间羽化率差异均无显著性，麦麸组（A组）第1代羽化率显著高于其第2－5代，鱼粉组（B组）第1代羽化率显著高于其第2，3，5代。结论 幼虫饲料添加渔粉对丝光绿蝇室内连续饲养羽化率的影响主要表现在饲养后期，而在饲养初期无显著性影响。在适宜的湿度范围内，丝光绿蝇的羽化率不受蛹期相对湿度变化的影响。     

不同饲料和湿度对丝光绿蝇羽化率的影响

目的　观察比较不同饲料和蛹期湿度对室内连续饲养的丝光绿蝇羽化率的影响。　方法　将野外丝光绿蝇引入室内 ,分别以麦麸为主 ( A组 )和以鱼粉为主 ( B组 )的两种幼虫饲料在室内进行连续饲养 ,将各代蛹分别置于瓶中羽化 ,瓶内置湿棉球 ,另外挑取鱼粉组蝇蛹于瓶中 ,但不置湿棉球 ( C组 ) ,观察各组各代羽化率。　结果　鱼粉组 ( B组 )与麦麸组 ( A组 )第 1～ 4代羽化率经 t-检验两组间差异无显著性 ,第 5代鱼粉组 ( B组 )羽化率显著性高于麦麸组 ( A组 ) ,将鱼粉组饲养的蝇蛹置于瓶中置湿棉球 ( B组 )与不置湿棉球 ( C组 )作比较 ,两组间各代差异均无显著性。组内各代间比较 ,各组第 2～ 5组内代间羽化率差异均无显著性 ,麦麸组 ( A组 )第 1代羽化率显著高于其第 2～ 5代 ,鱼粉组 ( B组 )第 1代羽化率显著高于其第 2、3、5代。　结论　幼虫饲料添加鱼粉对丝光绿蝇室内连续饲养羽化率的影响主要表现在饲养后期 ,而在饲养初期无显著性影响。在适宜的湿度范围内 ,丝光绿蝇的羽化率不受蛹期相对湿度变化的影响。     

室内饲养丝光绿蝇的生物学特征观察

目的　观察比较丝光绿蝇室内连续饲养的各代生物学特性。　方法　将丝光绿蝇引入室内 ,采用改良的饲养方法对其进行室内连续饲养 ,对其室内第 1～ 5代生活史各期的生长发育、产卵、繁殖等各种生物学特性进行观察分析。　结果　结果经 t检验发现 ,第 3、4代间蛹重、蛹长差异均无显著性 ,但蛹重、蛹长都显著性 >第 2代及第 5代 ;第 2、5代间蛹重及蛹长差异均无显著性。第 1代羽化率显著高于第 2、3、5代 ,第 2～ 5代间羽化率差异无显著性。成虫头宽第 1代均显著 >其第 2～ 5代。第 1、2、4代雄性略多于雌性 ,第 5代雄性稍少于雌性 ,代间比较差异均无显著性。成虫室内第 1代产卵天数显著少于第 2、3、5代 ,与第 4代差异无显著性 ,第 2～ 5代间产卵天数差异均无显著性 ;产卵次数及产卵指数室内第 1～ 5代间均无显著性差异。丝光绿蝇室内各代饲养的生活史各期发育时间 ,卵期第 2～ 5代 <1d,幼虫期 6～ 7d,蛹期 6 d,产卵前期 6～ 7d。　结论　本次实验丝光绿蝇引入室内连续饲养的各代生物学特性比较稳定。     

两种饲料对丝光绿蝇蛹长和羽化率的影响

目的观察比较两组丝光绿蝇室内连续饲养的蛹期形态和羽化率。方法将丝光绿蝇引入室内 ,分成鱼粉组和麦麸组两种幼虫饲料在室内进行连续饲养 ,对两组各代蛹期的蛹长、羽化率等进行比较观察。结果第 2～ 4代蛹长鱼粉组显著大于麦麸组 ;第 5代蛹长鱼粉组与麦麸组差异无显著性。第 1～ 4代羽化率两组差异无显著性 ,第 5代羽化率鱼粉组显著性高于麦麸组。结论鱼粉组蛹形态、羽化率等指标好于麦麸组 ,提示鱼粉组饲料饲养效果好于麦麸组饲料     

不同强度超声波对家蝇抗菌物质的诱导研究

昆虫经诱导后，体内能迅速产生或增加许多体液免疫因子，如凝集素、溶菌酶、抗菌肽等，其中抗菌肽是昆虫体液免疫中重要的抗菌因子，不同的诱导源均可诱导昆虫产生抗菌肽。迄今为止，已从多种昆虫体内诱导产生了抗菌肽，它们多数属于全变态类昆虫，研究工作主要集中在鳞翅目昆虫：惜古比天蚕（Hyalophora cecropia）、家蚕（Bombyz mori）、榨蚕（Antheraea pernyi）；双翅目昆虫：棕尾别麻蝇（Sarcophaga peregrina）、伏蝇（Phormia terranovae）、果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）埃及伊蚊（Aedesaegypti）以及鞘翅目、膜翅目昆虫等，不全变态昆虫诱导产生抗菌物质的报道很少。目前，昆虫抗菌肽研究已成为世界科学家关注的焦点之一，均处于基础研究阶段，主要研究工作在国外进行，国内研究很少。我们课题组先后成功在室内建立了丝光绿蝇和家蝇实验室种群，首次对丝光绿蝇抗菌肽的诱导表达及部分性质进行了研究。本文以不同强度的超声波对家蝇抗菌物质诱导进行了研究探讨，结果报道如下。     

不同麻醉方案在老年多发肠息肉患者中的应用效果对比

目的分析不同麻醉方案在多发肠息肉老年患者中的应用效果。方法择期行肠镜下多发肠息肉摘除术的72例老年患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例。观察组、对照组术中分别给予小剂量右美托咪定(DEX)联合舒芬太尼、丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼的麻醉方案,根据术中情况加用丙泊酚、麻黄碱、阿托品等。比较给药前(T1)、置入肠镜时(T2)、手术开始15 min(T3)、退镜时(T4)、离开手术室(T5)的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、脑电双频指数(BIS)值及手术时间、苏醒时间、术后恢复室(PACU)的停留时间、术中麻黄碱、阿托品、丙泊酚的应用量、不良反应。结果与T1相比,观察组各时间点的HR、RR、MAP、SpO_2均未出现明显变化(P>0.05),仅T2、T3、T4的BIS值显著降低(P<0.05);对照组T2、T3、T4的RR、MAP、SpO_2、BIS值均显著降低(P<0.05),T5的MAP显著升高(P<0.05)。两组T1的HR、RR、MAP、SpO_2、BIS值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组T2、T3、T4的RR、MAP、SpO_2、BIS值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组苏醒时间、PACU的停留时间均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未应用阿托品,观察组术中未应用麻黄碱,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术中丙泊酚用量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组无低血压、呼吸抑制、头晕,2例术中明显体动和1例消化道不适。观察组低血压、呼吸抑制发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对行无痛肠镜下多发息肉摘除术的老年患者而言,小剂量DEX联合舒芬太尼对呼吸、循环的影响轻微,且镇静深度较低,患者可随时被叫醒并配合操作,清醒镇静效果令人满意。     

缬沙坦和依那普利对实验性心肌梗死后胶原重构的影响

目的:研究选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1拮抗剂(缬沙坦)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(依那普利)对心肌梗死后心肌胶原重构的影响.方法:将冠状动脉前降支结扎后24小时的40只新西兰兔随机分为4组:缬沙坦组10 mg/(kg·d)、依那普利组5 mg/(kg·d)、心肌梗死对照组和未结扎冠状动脉的假手术组,每组10只.治疗10周后测量体重、心脏重量、血流动力学参数、胶原容积分数及形态学检查,用羟脯氨酸法测定梗死区和非梗死区胶原含量,用放射免疫法测定血浆Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽(PⅠCP)、Ⅲ型胶原氨基末端肽(PⅢNP)浓度.结果:心肌梗死后10周各组存活动物为缬沙坦组8只,依那普利组7只,心肌梗死对照组7只,假手术组9只.心肌梗死对照组左、右心室重量/体重比值,左心室胶原容积百分比和无小血管区胶原容积百分比高于假手术组(P<0.05～0.01),非梗死区胶原含量及血浆PⅠCP、PⅢNP水平明显增高(与假手术组比较,P值均<0.05).与心肌梗死对照组比较,缬沙坦组、依那普利组中上述指标显著下降(P值均<0.05),但高于假手术组.非梗死区胶原含量与左心室舒张期末压呈正相关(r=0.82,P<0.05),与左心室收缩期末压呈负相关(r=-0.79,P<0.05);血浆PⅠCP与左心室舒张期末压正相关(r=0.72,P<0.05),PⅢNP与血流动力学参数无相关(r=0.32,P>0.05).结论:心肌梗死后早期应用缬沙坦和依那普利能改善兔血流动力学参数、抑制心肌纤维化,二者单用的治疗效果无统计学差异;非梗死区胶原含量与左心室舒张期末压、左心室收缩期末压有相关性,非梗死区胶原沉积是心功能降低的重要因素; 血浆PⅠCP、PⅢNP可作为梗死后心肌纤维化指标.     

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is the main innate immune mechanism involved in the cellular defence of gilthead seabream (Teleostei: Sparidae) against Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa)

The cellular innate immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) against the myxozoan Enteromyxum leei was studied. Enteromyxosis was transmitted by maintaining uninfected fish (recipients) together with infected animals. A group of fish not exposed to the infection served as controls. After 10, 22, 38, 52 and 108 days, control and recipient fish were sampled and leucocyte subpopulations and cellular immune responses (leucocyte peroxidases, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and cytotoxicity) of the head-kidney leucocytes were determined. The percentage of acidophilic granulocytes was significantly lower in non-parasitized and parasitized recipient fish than in control fish after 22 days but no significant differences were seen between non-parasitized and parasitized recipient animals. The leucocyte peroxidase content, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity were seen to have decreased significantly at different sampling times in both non-parasitized and parasitized recipient fish with respect to the controls, whereas cytotoxic activity was up to 2.3 times higher than in control fish. Within the recipient group, little difference was observed in the studied parameters between non-parasitized and parasitized fish. These data demonstrate that cytotoxic activity may have an important role in the defence of gilthead seabream against the myxosporean E. leei. Immunological implications of E. leei infections are discussed.     

簇鬃客蚤对宿主侵袭能力的实验观察

目的研究准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地主要宿主大沙鼠体外寄生蚤的主体成分簇鬃客蚤对宿主的侵袭能力。方法观察簇鬃客蚤的吸血能力、跳跃能力和对人的侵袭能力。结果不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间饱血比率无统计学差异(χ2=0.578,P0.05),簇鬃客蚤60 min饱血比率可达50%以上,120 min可全部饱血,簇鬃客蚤雌性吸血量为(0.05±0.02)μl,不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间血液完全消化的比率有统计学差异(χ2=5.190,P0.05),雄性血液消化速率较雌性快,雄性第12 h、雌性第13 h完成血液消化,第11 h有约50%的蚤完成血液消化,簇鬃客蚤吸血过程中的吸血活动频次为(1.6±0.3)次/h;簇鬃客蚤最大跳跃高度为9 cm,最小跳跃高度为3.5 cm;簇鬃客蚤对人类的侵袭率为30%,雌、雄间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.159,P0.05)。结论簇鬃客蚤饥饿状态下会侵袭人类,且其吸血量较高、消化时间较快、吸血频次较高,加之其具备较高的跳跃能力,因此准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地内感染鼠疫菌的簇鬃客蚤对人类具有相当大的威胁,应当加强该疫区媒介昆虫的常规监测。     

病毒性肝炎与糖尿病关系的临床研究

目的探讨病毒性肝炎与糖尿病发病的关系。方法对84例慢性乙型肝炎与83例慢性丙型肝炎患者,76例同期住院患者（对照组）进行病例分析研究,明确其是否合并糖尿病。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者糖尿病并发率为5．9％,慢性丙型肝炎患者糖尿病并发率为13．3％,对照组患者糖尿病并发率为7．9％,慢性丙型肝炎组糖尿病的并发率明显高于慢性乙型肝炎组和对照组患者（P〈0．05）,慢性乙型肝炎组和对照组患者糖尿病并发率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。慢性肝炎合并糖尿病男女比例为2．2：1。三组中合并糖尿病与未合并糖尿病的患者均为中老年人,在年龄、体质量指数、空腹血糖方面差异无统计学意义。合并糖尿病的慢性乙型肝炎和慢性丙型肝炎患者血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素水平高于未合并糖尿病者（P〈0．05）。结论慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染易合并糖尿病,丙型肝炎病毒感染可能是糖尿病的发病因素之一。     

Mating age of Glossina austeni Newstead

Before removal from the emergence cage, 12.8% of 141 newly emerged females of Glossina austeni Newstead less than 24 h old were found on dissection to have been inseminated. Likewise, dissection of a sample of sterilised females destined for release showed that 5.43% of 2487 females had already been inseminated while still in the emergence cages. It was decided therefore to put female and male flies together in production cages from the day of emergence at a ratio of 1 male to 5 females and leave them to mature and mate in the cages. The females produced viable pupae of acceptable mean weight and desired quality with the proportion of A-Class pupae less than 10%. The number of pupae per initial female (PPIF) did not differ from pupae produced by pre-aged parent flies. It is now clear that there is no need to age female and male flies of G. austeni before mating. Parent flies of less than 1 day old put together in production cages from the day of emergence have been used for mass rearing G. austeni in the Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Research Institute (TTRI) colony to produce males for the eradication programme in Zanzibar since December 1995. This has substantially reduced the labour of fly production by removing the need to age flies and the need to chill and separate flies after mating.     

Death-related factors of systemic lupus erythematosus patients associated with the course of disease in Chinese populations: multicenter and retrospective study of 1,958 inpatients

Despite the improved survival rate among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, there are many factors associated with the mortality of SLE. In the current study, death-related factors of patients associated with course of disease were surveyed. Retrospective study was used. Mortalities among these three groups (group A, B and C, the course of disease was ≤5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years, respectively) were calculated and compared. Various factors related to mortality were analyzed. Male SLE patients died relatively more than female patients. The total mortality was 8.5 %. The mortalities were significant difference in group A, B and C which were 9.4, 4.8 and 8.9 %, respectively. The mortalities of group A and group C were significantly higher than that of group B, but there was no significant difference between mortalities of group A and group C. The most common death-related factor was infection, followed by involved disorders in renal, brain, multisystem, heart, etc. The mortalities resulted from neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), pulmonary infection, involved digestive system and hematological system were significantly different between three groups. There was no difference between mortalities of group A and group C associated with pulmonary infection and NPSLE. Patients in group C died more than in group A from involved renal, heart, multisystem, etc, while group A had more patients than group C who died of pulmonary infection, involved hematological system. In conclusion, Male SLE patients have worse outcome than female patients. Infection and active SLE are not only contributors to the death of early stage patients, but also to that of later stage patients.     

Investigation of the in vitro Gender-Specific Partitioning of Mefloquine in Malarial Infected Red Blood Cells and Plasma

The investigation of gender-specific partitioning of the antimalarial drug mefloquine to cellular and fluid blood compartments was performed using blood collected from a female and male healthy subject that were infected with Plasmodium falciparum PCM2 clone and spiked with mefloquine (0.25, 1, and 5 μM). Mefloquine concentrations in red cells of both female and male subjects were significantly higher than plasma, which suggests an intensive uptake by red cells. This was supported by a high ratio of mefloquine concentrations in the parasitized and non-parasitized red cells of about 4-fold. Gender-specific partitioning of mefloquine in parasitized blood was seen only in plasma where significantly higher concentrations were observed in female compared with male plasma. Down-adjusting the therapeutic dose of mefloquine in female patients with malaria is not advisable because mefloquine concentrations in the target cellular compartment are similar in both genders.     

全国五省结核病与性别关系的研究

目的 了解全国5省登记报告肺结核患者的性别特征,促进结核病医疗卫生服务的可及性和公平性。 方法 利用描述性和比较性方法 ,分析全国5省登记报告肺结核患者的性别特征,以及不同性别肺结核患者的年龄、职业、治疗结局和诊断延迟的差异及有关的影响因素。结果全国5省登记报告肺结核患者男性高于女性,东部、南部和中部的男女性别比要高于西部和北部。大部分省份女性肺结核患者的平均年龄低于男性,职业中女性非农民所占比例较高,治疗结局不存在性别差异。不同性别涂阳肺结核患者的诊断延迟不存在差异,但5省之间存在差异,浙江平均为23-d,黑龙江为185-d;职业、年龄和性别是影响诊断延迟的重要因素。结论 登记报告的肺结核患者存在性别差异,而且不同性别肺结核患者的年龄、职业也存在着差异,但治疗结局和诊断延迟的差异无统计学意义。老年女性患者和农村务农女性获得结核病诊疗服务的可及性可能较差。     

性别因素对原发性高血压候选基因研究的影响作用

目的探讨研究样本中的性别因素对原发性高血压（EH）候选基因研究结果的影响。方法应用聚合酶链反应这一分子生物学研究方法,分析EH组患者及正常血压对照组（两组中男性女性人数相等）人群血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入／缺失（I／D）多态性,进而探讨性别比例对该类研究结论的可能影响。结果男性EH组DD基因型频率显著高于男性对照组（x^2=6．98,P=0．004）,D等位基因频率在男性EH组亦较男性对照组显著增高（x^2=6．87,P=0．009）,而ID和II基因型频率在男性EH组和男性对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。女性EH组与女性对照组比较,各基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;男性EH组中的DD基因型分布比例与女性EH组中的DD基因型分布比例相比有显著统计学意义（x^2=4．06,P=0．044）。此外,EH组中男性DD型者的收缩压及脉压水平均显著高于ID型和II型者（P均〈0．05）,但舒张压在3种基因型间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。同时,EH组II、ID基因型的男性的收缩压、舒张压、脉压差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。女性患者中,各基因型间收缩压、舒张压及脉压的水平差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论男性中的DD基因型成员与EH（尤其在收缩压、脉压）的关联可能比男性中的II、ID基因型以及所有的女性更为密切。性别可能作为一个混杂因素,对包括ACE基因I／D多态性在内的诸多EH候选基因与EH的相关性研究的结论产生影响。