福辛普利治疗高血压病疗效观察

目的:了解福辛普利每日口服1次10mg,是否能使血压保持24小时平稳下降。方法:50例高血压病患者被随机分为福辛普利组(25例)及卡托普利对照组(25例),均予24小时动态血压监测。结果:福辛普利组治疗前、后昼夜平均血压由165/100mmHg降至134/82mmHg及由162/88mmHg降至130/77mmHg。而卡托普利组治疗前、后昼夜平均血压分别由166/98mmHg降至138/90mmHg及由160/92mmHg降至135/80mmHg两组无显著差异。福辛普利组治疗后收缩压谷。峰比为72.0％,舒张压谷:峰比为55.0％,卡托普利组分别为69.6％,51.9％,两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。福辛普利组治疗前、后收缩压及舒张压负荷率分别由91.9％降至27.0％(P<0.01),及由68.0％降至13.0％(P<0.01),卡托普利组分别由90.8％降至28.6％(P<0.01),及由69.0％降至14.2％(P<0.01),两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。福辛普利组咳嗽发生率(7.0％)明显少于卡托普利组(38.5％),P<0.01。结论:福辛普利每日口服1次10mg对高血压病有24小时平稳降压效果,且咳嗽较少。     

福辛普利联合二甲双胍治疗高血压伴胰岛素抵抗的临床疗效观察:附43例报告

该文观察福辛普利联合二甲双胍治疗高血压伴胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)患者的降压疗效和对胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:将高血压伴IR的患者86例分为治疗组和对照组(各43例),前者给予福辛普利和二甲双胍治疗,后者单予福辛普利治疗,疗程均为3月。观察2组治疗前后血糖、胰岛素敏感指数、血压的变化及不良反应。结果:治疗组服药后空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及餐后2h血糖均下降,胰岛素敏感指数升高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。2组服药后收缩压与舒张压均下降,但治疗组收缩压降压幅度较对照组大(P<0.01)。2组在治疗期间均…     

福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病左室舒张功能影响的对比研究

目的:比较福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病(高心病)左室舒张功能的影响。方法:将128例高心病患者随机单盲分为福辛普利组和依那普利组,每日早晨分别口服福辛普利10mg或依那普利5mg,2周后若坐位收缩压≥160mmHg和(或)坐位舒张压≥95mmHg者,则剂量加倍,4周后血压仍达上述水平则加服双氢克尿噻25mg/d,疗程3个月。治疗前后分别用脉冲多普勒血流频谱测定二尖瓣口及瓣下3cm处左室内的舒张期充盈速度E_0、A_0及E_3,计算E_0/A_0、E_3/E_0,评价左室舒张功能的变化。结果:两组病人经治疗后E_0、E_0/A_0及E_3均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01与P<0.05),E_3/E_0升高更明显(P<0.001与P<0.01)。福半普利效果较依那普利更显著。结论:福辛普利可较显著地改善左室的舒张功能。     

福辛普利对原发性高血压患者降压作用和对内皮功能的影响

目的评价福辛普利对轻、中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效,以及对原发性高血压患者内皮功能和肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)影响的机制.方法60例原发性高血压患者,随机分为福辛普利组30例和吲哒帕胺组30例.观察治疗前与治疗后6周,诊所血压(CBP)、血浆一氧化氮、内皮素、肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮浓度变化,并对CBP和RAS、血压水平与内皮功能之间的相关性进行分析.结果治疗后2组血压水平显著下降,福辛普利组收缩压从160士14mmHg降至149±13mmHg,舒张压从96±7mmHg降至84±6mmHg,吲哒帕胺组收缩压从161±16mmHg降至154±14mmHg,舒张压从94±6mmHg降至85±7mmHg,差异有极显著性(P均＜0.001).福辛普利组血浆一氧化氮升高,肾素活性上升,内皮素下降,血管紧张素Ⅱ下降,醛固酮下降,差异有极显著性(P均＜0.001),吲哒帕胺组上述参数未见明显变化(P均＞0.05).结论福辛普利对于轻、中度原发性高血压患者疗效显著,福辛普利降压同时能改善动脉内皮功能,降低RAS活性.     

两种β阻滞剂治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的比较

目的:比较国产卡维地洛与柳胺苄心定治疗轻、中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和安全性.方法:轻中度原性高血压患者50例,随机分为卡维地洛组(n=25)与柳胺苄心定组(n=25),分别口服卡维地洛10 mg bid ,柳胺苄心定50 mg bid (均8AM与8PM).治疗2 周后卡维地洛组9例与柳胺苄心定组4例因血压降低不满意(舒张压>90 mmHg)而分别增加剂量到 20 mg和100 mg bid.共观察 4 周.结果:卡维地洛组舒张压下降11.2±6.7 mmHg(P<0.01),收缩压下降6.9±16.2 mmHg.柳胺苄心定组舒张压下降1.1±6.2 mmHg(P<0.01).卡维地洛组总有效率88%与柳胺苄心定组84%相似.两组用药前后心率、血糖及血清胆固醇、甘油三酯均无明显变化;卡维地洛组HDL虽明显下降,但仍在正常范围内,不良反应少.结论:国产卡维地洛治疗高血压的疗效与对照药柳胺苄心定相似,其疗效确切,不良反应少,耐受性好.     

福辛普利对老年高血压患者血压及肾功能的影响

目的:探讨福辛普利对老年高血压患者血压和肾功能的影响。方法:41例老年高血压患者口服福辛普利(10～20 mg,1次/日),1疗程24周。治疗前后观察血压和肾功能指标变化。结果:高血压患者治疗后白蛋白尿显著减少(P<0.01),肾小球滤过率显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:福辛普利在有效降低老年高血压患者血压的同时,还能改善患者的肾功能。     

卡维地洛长期治疗对原发性高血压左心室肥厚及室性心律失常干预的对比研究

目的探讨β及α受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对原发性高血压(EH)患者左心室肥厚(LVH)及室性心律失常(VA)的干预作用。方法入选经超声心动图、心电图、动态心电图检查证实为EH伴LVH及VA患者72例,随机分配到卡维地洛组(口服25~50mg/d)或卡托普利组(口服25~75mg/d),治疗8个月,治疗前后各检查超声心动图、心电图、动态心电图,对比分析组内治疗前后左心室重量指数及VA变化和两组间的差异。结果①与治疗前比较,EH患者在卡维地洛或卡托普利治疗8个月后,两组收缩压与舒张压明显下降(166/104mmHg至135/86mmHg;162/103mmHg至138/87mmHg)(P均<0.01)。②卡维地洛组治疗后,左心室后壁与室间隔厚度较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降更显著(P均<0.01);卡托普利组治疗后左心室后壁与室间隔厚度及左心室重量及左心室重量指数下降显著(P均<0.05)。③卡维地洛组治疗后VA及复杂性室性VA的控制率为91.67%(33/36);卡托普利组治疗后VA及复杂性VA的控制率为36.1%(13/36),两组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论EH伴LVH及VA患者在卡维地洛治疗8个月后LVH显著逆转,卡维地洛对VA的干预明显优于卡托普利。     

替米沙坦与硝苯地平对原发性高血压伴代谢综合征老年患者大动脉弹性功能的影响

目的:探讨替米沙坦与硝苯地平对原发性高血压伴代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的老年患者大动脉弹性功能的影响。方法:选择80例轻中度高血压患者,随机分配至替米沙坦组和硝苯地平组,每组40例。用药6个月,比较治疗前、后两组患者的颈-股动脉脉搏波速度(C-F PWV)的变化。结果:治疗后两组患者的血压明显降低(P<0.01),治疗前、后组间比较收缩压及舒张压,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的C-F PWV较治疗前均有显著降低(P<0.05),替米沙坦组降低更加明显(P<0.05)。结论:替米沙坦与硝苯地平控释片均可以改善高血压伴MS的老年患者的大动脉弹性,替米沙坦的作用优于硝苯地平。     

氟西汀及共情技术对老年高血压伴抑郁患者生活质量及焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的探讨氟西汀及共情技术对老年高血压伴抑郁患者生活质量及焦虑抑郁情绪的影响。方法选择老年高血压伴抑郁患者120例为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组采用硝苯地平控释片治疗,观察组在此基础上加用氟西汀及共情技术干预。结果干预后,观察组患者舒张压和收缩压的下降幅度大于对照组(P0.01);SAS评分、SDS评分的下降程度大于对照组(P0.01);病情、一般生活、体力状况、工作状况、社会心理状况、医疗状况等评分优于对照组(P0.01)。结论老年高血压伴抑郁患者在硝苯地平控释片治疗的基础上配合氟西汀及共情技术干预,能够进一步提高疗效,改善患者的心理状态,促进患者生活质量的提高。     

老年高血压病患者治疗后血压水平与认知功能的相关性

目的:探讨长期坚持降压治疗的老年高血压病患者血压水平与认知功能的关系。方法:军队离退休老年高血压患者105例,按MMSE评分分为认知障碍组和正常组,比较两组患者治疗后血压水平及血糖、血脂、血同型半胱氨酸水平,并比较不同收缩压及舒张压水平下患者MMSE评分。结果:认知功能障碍组高血压病程、同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于认知功能正常组(P<0.01)。将高血压病程作为协变量,多因素协方差分析显示,调整高血压病程的影响后,收缩压130~149 mmHg组在MMSE总分、定向力、记忆力、注意力、回忆力、语言能力得分高于111~129 mmHg组和150~160 mmHg组。其中,130~149 mmHg组与111~129 mmHg组比较,定向力、记忆力、注意力、回忆力、语言能力及MMSE总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与150~160 mmHg组比较定向力差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同舒张压水平的患者认知功能比较差异无统计学意义。结论:在老年高血压患者的降压治疗中,目标收缩压水平长期控制在130~149 mmHg对认知功能可能有保护作用。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.