16例重症SARS患者6个月随访CT表现及对比

目的 了解重症SATS患者胸部病灶吸收转归的CT表现。方法 分析16例重症SARS患者的6个月随访CT表现，并对比其出院时CT表现。结果 全部病例住院期间胸片进展分型：Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型10例。6个月随访CT表现：单或多发小斑片状磨玻璃影8例(Ⅰ型3例、Ⅱ型5例)，累计多肺段云絮状影4例(Ⅱ型)，肺纤维化3例。与出院时CT对比；全部病例未见新发病灶；病灶好转13例(Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型7例)；病灶无变化3例(均为Ⅱ型)；纵隔淋巴结较前减少。结论6个月随访CT显示大部分患者肺部病变继续好转。当前的孤立肺周边部小片磨玻璃影是否是肺纤维化的征像仍是今后随访的主要目的。SARS患者采用影像进展分型，可对患者预后做出预评估。     

对严重急性呼吸综合征的再认识——胸部影像特点结合临床资料对早期诊断严重急性呼吸综合征的意义

目的:分析2004年在北京发生的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)早期胸部影像特点及相对应的临床表现,并对比2003年资料,探讨其早期的表现,为临床提供借鉴。方法:对2004年在北京地坛医院住院的7例SARS患者的临床、化验、胸片及高分辨CT(HRCT)资料进行回顾性分析。结果:6例均急性起病,体温>38℃,无上呼吸道卡他症状,发热第1周出现肺部局灶或多段分布的阴影,阴影常呈类圆型,多表现为磨玻璃影,其内可见小叶间隔增厚,部分表现肺实变影,病灶内可见支气管气像,无坏死或空洞病灶,无肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大,无胸腔积液。发热的第2周,肺部阴影迅速扩大,或发展至对侧,出现呼吸困难,在出现肺部阴影进展时,给予糖皮质激素,阴影在2~3d内明显吸收,临床症状改善。病程早期,白细胞不增高,淋巴细胞和血小板偏低,血乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在第2周明显增高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)在第2或第3周开始增高。结论:对于急性起病、发热、白细胞不高、胸部HRCT表现类圆型磨玻璃阴影伴小叶间隔增厚或肺实变、短期抗生素治疗无效的患者应提高警惕,注意排除SARS。     

SARS的影像学诊断

目的 探讨严重的急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的影像学特征。方法 回顾临床诊断的50例SARS的影像学检查方法与诊断价值。结果 50例均行胸片(后前位和右侧位或左侧位)检查，其中12例患多次摄床边胸片，11例患行HRCT检查，未行MRI检查。50例胸片均发现阴影，双侧肺内片状密度增高影27例(54％)和／或磨玻璃样影22例(44％)，一侧肺内片状密度增高影19例(38％)，双侧肺内间质改变呈网状阴影4例f病变短期内呈游走性和进展。吸收慢并且恢复后部分病例肺内纤维化；1例经胸部透视对肺内和胸膜病变进行了鉴别；11例经HRCT检查进一步了解肺内和纵隔病变。结论 凡临床诊断或疑似SARS病例短期内应进行影像学检查，并进行短期拍胸片动态观察。     

2型糖尿病患者胸部CT表现及短期随访观察

目的 探讨T2DM患者胸部CT表现及随访肺内病变变化与临床的关系。方法回顾性观察60例T2DM患者胸部CT图像,用CT视觉评分方法定量分析肺内病变,并与CT复查图像进行对照,分析肺内病变变化特征与临床的关系。结果60例T2DM患者中胸部CT表现正常9例（15％）、磨玻璃样影31例（52％）、小叶间隔增厚32例（53％）,多于胸膜下线8例（13％）、支气管血管束增厚3例（5％）、小叶内间质增厚3例（5％）等病变（X2=76．979,P＜0．01）。肺内病变具有周围分布、下肺分布为主的特点。复查后仅14例磨玻璃样病变有不同程度吸收,与磨玻璃影积分值无变化组相比,磨玻璃影积分值变化组病程较短（t=2．485,P=O．023）,HbA1c较低（u=2．831,P=0．015）。结论CT及其随访检查的半定量分析肺内病变,对评估糖尿病肺损害的短期变化及与临床的关系有一定价值。     

隐源性机化性肺炎随访期影像学演变23例分析

目的回顾性分析隐源性机化性肺炎(COP)采用或未采用糖皮质激素治疗随访期影像学的改变。方法选择南京中医药大学中西医结合鼓楼临床学院2004年11月至2011年7月收治的有临床表现、实验室检查、经活检诊断、影像学表现支持的COP患者42例,分析其中有随访期影像学检查资料的23例的影像学及临床改变演变特征。结果 23例COP患者中男12例,女11例,年龄16～80岁,平均51岁,随访时间平均为6.2个月,最短30 d,最长14个月。在起始的高分辨CT(HRCT)中,常见的肺部异常表现为多发性斑片状、气腔实变影、网状影,实变影主要分布在胸膜下区和双肺下叶,沿支气管血管束分布或随机分布,多数伴有磨玻璃影,牵拉性支气管扩张及条索状影,部分病例有病灶游走的表现。糖皮质激素治疗20例,1例病灶完全吸收,17例实变影、磨玻璃影等高密度影在一定范围内缩小,3例网格状阴影范围缩小,1例网格状阴影没有改变,2例出现双肺野的网格状阴影,2例复发。未用激素治疗3例,3例病灶均明显缩小。结论 20例(91%)COP对激素治疗有良好反应,大部分的患者(82%)在随访的CT中有剩余病灶,部分未采用激素治疗病例可自然缓解。随访期胸部CT追踪检查有利于了解治疗效果及预后。     

重症严重急性呼吸综合症（SARS）的影像表现及病理对照

目的 搜集符合卫生部诊断标准的重症SARS，探讨重症SARS的影像表现及病理基础。方法 选取重症SARS50例，其中16例死亡，分析诊断为重症SARS时及临终前的胸部影像表现，并对4例死亡病例进行X线、病理对照分析。所有病例均有确诊为重症SARS后的一系列床边胸片。结果 重症SARS影像表现以片影为主，密度低、多个肺叶同时受侵。临终前以片影和白肺为主，支气管气象常见，可见网状影。以多发、弥温病变为主，密度高低混合。病理对照研究揭示影像表现的病理基础是肺组织的广泛实变、淤血、出血，镜下可见肺泡内透明膜形成及支气管内膜脱落。结论 重症SARS病变范围广，进展速度快，床边X线检查对诊断和观察疗效简便有效。     

258例严重急性呼吸综合征康复期患者肺功能与影像学动态随访与分析

目的　通过对严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)康复期患者进行定期临床随访 ,动态观察肺功能和肺部影像学的变化 ,了解SARS疾病的特点及预后。方法　 2 5 8例SARS患者康复后 2个月内先后 2次以上进行SARS冠状病毒特异性IgG抗体、肺功能和肺部影像学检查 ,并就发病期间的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果　 2 5 8例中有 2 0 8例SARS冠状病毒特异性IgG抗体为阳性 (80 6 % ) ,5 3例合并有肺一氧化碳弥散量 (DLCO)异常。IgG抗体阳性并DLCO异常的SARS康复者与DLCO正常的SARS康复者和IgG抗体阴性的康复者比较 ,发热病程较长 ,应用糖皮质激素剂量、接受氧疗比例和无创通气比例均较高。 5 1例DLCO异常的康复者动态肺功能复查结果 ,有 4 1例 (80 4 % )患者DLCO得到改善。 5 1例中有 4 0例肺部影像学检查有肺纤维化改变 ,1个月后再次复查有 2 2例 (5 5 % )有好转。结论　SARS康复者肺纤维化改变多发生在病情较重者 ,并在康复后一定时期内能够部分自行吸收 ,而肺部影像学改善要慢于肺弥散功能     

112例SARS急性期的X线和CT表现特征分析

经临床诊断的SARS病例112例,男43例,女69例,年龄范围16-82岁,平均年龄35岁。所有患者在发病后1周内均行胸部X线检查,22例同时行胸部CT扫描。结果:112例患者在发病早期最常见的影像学表现为斑片状磨玻璃影(胸片79.5％、CT 81.8％)和磨玻璃影与不规则实变或肉芽肿样病变的混合影(胸片分别为21.4％和14.％、CT分别为45.5％和27.3％)。病灶多位于中下叶(70.9％)并呈外周分布(69％)。CT可见其他改变包括小叶内间隔和小叶间隔增厚(即碎石路样改变)(36.4％)、细支气管扩     

严重急性呼吸综合征临床分型分期初步探讨

目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)诊断的临床分型分期。方法 采用回顾性研究的方法，根据我院162例SARS患者的主要临床特点提出分型分期，并与肺部X线影像学资料、淋巴细胞亚型的变化、血氧代谢及预后情况作对比参照。结果 将SARS临床诊断分为4型4期，即轻型、普通型、重型、极重型，典型的SARS病程经过又可分为早期(前驱期)、进展期、极期、恢复期。162例中轻型8例(4．9％)、普通型69例(42．6％)、重型4l例(25．3％)、极重型44例(27．2％)。肺部X线检查及淋巴细胞亚型和血气分析的变化情况与临床分型作对比参照，结果显示出较好的相关性，肺部病变越广泛、淋巴细胞总数及各亚群数越低下临床分型越严重，预后越差。结论 SARS的4型4期临床诊断基本概括了该病的临床特征，符合SARS病程发生、发展及转归的一般规律，将方便和规范临床诊断右卧千指导治疗和判断预后。     

河北省SARS患者出院20个月后肺功能调查分析

目的 分析严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）患者出院后肺功能变化，了解SARS患者预后。方法 调查了203例SARS患者康复20个月后健康状况，对遗留干咳、活动性气短者行肺功能检查，合并骨关节症状者进行相应部位磁共振（MRI）检查；同时回顾其住院期间的临床资料。结果 33例出院者遗留干咳、活动性气短等症状，其中32例同时合并有骨关节症状，住院期间均接受了抗感染、抗病毒及适量。肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗。肺功能检测发现部分出院者FEV1％、FEV1／FVC％、V50％预计值和D1CO％预计值降低，表现为轻度肺功能异常。合并骨坏死者FEV。／FVC显著低于未合并骨坏死者，而发病年龄和高热天数显著增高（P〈0．05）；两者弥散功能指标（DLCO％）差异无统计学意义。结论 SARS患者出院20个月后仍有部分患者存在轻度肺功能异常，以弥散障碍为主，少数存在小气道功能障碍和肺通气障碍；病情较重者易合并骨坏死，而肺弥散功能障碍恢复较好。     

原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤三例影像学表现

目的　提高对原发性肺非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤影像学表现的认识。方法　 3例经病理、临床证实的原发性肺非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤 ,结合文献对其影像学 (胸部CT及X线片 )特征及病理进行分析讨论。结果　 3例患者均经CT导引肺穿刺切割肺活检获得标本并最终获得病理和免疫组织化学诊断 ,所有 3例在胸片和CT上存在着不同范围的肺实变 ,在所有实变病灶中见空气支气管征。其中 1例除了多个肺叶的实变外 ,在右下肺有一大小为 3.5cm× 3.0cm的肿块 ,在其它肺叶还有多个大小不等的结节 ,并且在肿块及部分结节中见空气支气管征。毛玻璃样改变或间质结构增厚所致的网格条索样改变在大多数肿块、结节和实变的边缘或其它部位存在。所有病灶中无坏死、空洞及钙化存在。无胸膜增厚及胸液。无明显的肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论　原发性肺非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤影像学表现具有一定的特征 ,影像学表现有助于该疾病的诊断。经皮穿刺肺活检可有效的获得病理结果。     

传染性非典型肺炎的影像表现

目的 探讨传染性非典型肺炎(世界卫生组织又称其为严重呼吸综合征，SARS)的X线表现及变化规律。方法 回顾性分析临床诊断的61例SARS患，对发病后的一系列胸片和CT影像进行统计分析。结果 患均以发热为最早起病症状，88％患在起病1周内肺部出现局灶性斑片状模糊影，并迅速扩大。2周内病变达高峰，有57％患两肺大部分肺野受累，病情重。84％患在5周内肺部阴影逐渐消散。在16例恢复期患的CT扫描中，有13例显示肺部遗留纤维化病灶。有6例患合并感染，病期延长，4例死亡。结论 SARS早期出现肺部炎性改变，发展迅速，大部分两肺受累，重症比例高，易致肺纤维化。     

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: serial high-resolution CT findings and functional correlation

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We described the features seen on serial high-resolution CT scans of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) that was associated with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and we correlated the changes in the CT scan findings with those of pulmonary function test results. Design, setting and patients: Serial CT scans of 14 patients with histologically proven NSIP and PM/DM from two university hospitals were evaluated retrospectively (follow-up period, 3 to 61 months; mean follow-up period, 27.6 months). Using initial and follow-up CT scan findings, the extent of each type of opacity and the total area of increased opacity were calculated and correlated with the results of pulmonary function tests. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The predominant findings on the initial CT scans were of reticular and/or ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. Reticular and ground-glass opacities predominated in the lower zone of each lung, and consolidation predominated at the lung periphery. Thirteen patients showed significant improvement of the total area of increased opacity (p < 0.05), and this decrease in extent inversely correlated with changes in FVC (r = -0.650; p = 0.031). Ground-glass and reticular opacities also were improved significantly in 11 and 13 patients, respectively. The decrease in the extent of ground-glass opacity correlated inversely with the changes in FVC (r = -0.758; p = 0.0119) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = -0.669; p = 0.0448). In one patient, ground-glass opacity progressed, and death occurred after 3 months. Traction bronchiectasis was seen in 12 patients, and it improved in four patients after treatment. Honeycomb lung was not noted in any patient during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: With treatment, serial CT scans of PM/DM patients with NSIP showed significant improvement in the abnormal opacities, and radiographic progression of lung fibrosis was limited. The CT scan features and clinical course of NSIP in PM/DM patients were relatively uniform, and this constitutes a subset of NSIP.     

重症急性呼吸综合征影像学变化和临床分期的研究

目的分析重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者临床特点、实验室检测结果和胸部影像学变化,提出临床分期.方法对2003年3～5月间有完整胸部影像学动态变化和实验室检测数据的45例SARS患者进行分析.结果 (1)影像学变化普通型23例肺部出现一侧片状阴影为病程的2～5(2.9±1.0) d;发展到双侧2～11(6.9±2.5) d;出现双肺广泛磨玻璃样变、实变6～19(11.0±2.0) d;开始吸收为10～21(15.0±4.1) d;胸部影像学改变完全吸收为18～46(25.9±7.2) d.重型患者22例发展到双肺广泛磨玻璃样变、实变(9.0±3.2) d,与普通型相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05);开始吸收为(19.0±4.6) d, P=0.009, 胸部影像学改变完全吸收为(36.0±8.1) d, P=0.001, 其中7例死亡患者胸部影像学表现均在7 d内进展到双肺广泛实变.(2)实验室检测早期SARS患者T细胞亚群和淋巴细胞明显降低,38例存活组患者在10～15 d恢复;但7例死亡患者T细胞亚群和淋巴细胞未见恢复.结论 SARS患者可分5期潜伏期2～10 d,前驱期1～3 d,进展期4～7 d,极期8～15 d,恢复期16～24 d.从发病到胸部影像学改变初步吸收时间为10～15 d.1周之内进展到双肺广泛实变且2周左右T细胞亚群和淋巴细胞不能恢复的患者,可能预后极差.     

Thin-section CT assessment of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in interstitial lung disease: correlation with serial changes in lung parenchymal abnormalities

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze thin-section computed tomography (CT) appearances of interstitial lung diseases before and at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum, and to evaluate the relationship between pneumomediastinum and parenchymal changes on thin-section CT. MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed CT images before and at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum in 13 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (8 patients) and collagen vascular diseases (5 patient). The extent of the total area of reticular opacity, increased opacity (ground-glass opacity and consolidation), and honeycombing were scored, and these scores were compared before and at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum. We also divided patients into two groups according to therapy received. Patients in group 1 experienced pneumomediastinum after or during treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents for acute or subacute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Patients in group 2 experienced pneumomediastinum without therapy. RESULTS: The mean score of all patients for honeycombing significantly increased at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum (P=0.003). In group 1, the extent of increasing opacity had been decreased significantly at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum (P=0.028). In group 2, the mean CT score of reticular opacity, increasing opacity, and honeycombing significantly increased at the time of detection of pneumomediastinum (P=0.028, 0.018, and 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with interstitial lung disease appears to have a tendency to occur under conditions of altered of parenchymal interstitial lesions.     

SARS病程中胸部影像动态改变特征分析

目的　观察分析SARS病程中胸部影像动态改变特征。方法 收集自 2003年3月27日—5月27日确诊为SARS患者资料较完整的病例86例。回顾性分析这些影像资料,观察其在病程不同时期的影像动态改变特征。结果 86例临床确诊病例胸部X线异常出现的时间多在发病的4～7d(73.3%),初期最常见的胸部X线异常表现为斑片状模糊影,单侧53例(61.6%),双侧33例(38.4%)。病程极期的时间多在8～14d,病变的主要特点是以双或单侧的单发或多发大片状模糊影,部分病人病变呈游走性改变。病变大多分布于中、下肺野为73例 (84.9%)。多数病变吸收的时间为15～21d(51.4%)。CT对病变的观察更为敏感。结论 SARS患者胸部X线表现在疾病的不同阶段有一定的特点,影像的动态改变对指导治疗起着至关重要的作用。     

Changes in HRCT findings in patients with respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease after smoking cessation.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) are varied and nonspecific. There is no known report of changes in HRCT findings and respiratory function test results for RB-ILD patients following the cessation of smoking. Five patients with RB-ILD, confirmed by surgical lung biopsy, were retrospectively studied. Each stopped cigarette smoking and did not receive corticosteroid therapy after diagnosis. The clinical symptoms, respiratory function test results and HRCT findings obtained at the final observation were compared with those from the time of diagnosis. Ground-glass opacity and centrilobular nodules corresponding to pathological respiratory bronchiolitis, as well as intralobular fine linear-reticular opacity corresponding to fibrosis involving the subpleural alveolar septa, showed computed tomography-pathological correlations. Both clinical symptoms and the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide improved significantly following smoking cessation, as did ground-glass opacity and centrilobular nodules seen during the initial HRCT examination. Centrilobular nodules and ground-glass opacity, which are the main features of high-resolution computed tomography of respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease patients and represent pathological respiratory bronchiolitis, can be improved by smoking cessation. The diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in respiratory function tests can be also improved.     

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis noted in a patient with thymoma

A 74-year-old woman had general fatigue and mild fever in August 2004. Her chest X-ray showed slight ground glass opacities in the upper and middle lung fields of both lungs. Though she was prescribed antibacterial drugs, the abnormal shadows on chest X-ray did not improve. The chest CT showed ground glass opacities and reticular shadows with thickened alveolar septa (crazy-paving appearance) in both lungs, and a clearly defined mass in the anterior mediastinum. She underwent thymo-thymectomy with wedge resection of the upper lobe of the left lung. Anterior mediastinum tumor was pathologically diagnosed as thymoma. Lung biopsy demonstrated alveoli filled with SP-A positive granular materials, and we diagnosed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. About 1 month after operation, the shadows on chest CT showed improvement. We think there might be some relationship between thymoma and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.     

High-resolution computed tomography characterization of interstitial lung diseases in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) sometimes progresses rapidly and is resistant to therapy. Clinical features that forecast the prognosis of the disease remain to be elucidated. Our aim was to assess if selected clinical features and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings can assist in predicting the clinical course of ILD in PM/DM. METHODS: We examined HRCT findings retrospectively for ILD identified in 17 patients with PM and 16 with DM. Radiological patterns and clinical features are analyzed in comparison with clinical course. RESULTS: Mortality rates were 12% and 44% for ILD associated with PM and DM, respectively. Most patients with DM died of rapidly progressive lung deterioration. No patient in the PM group died of respiratory failure. In the DM group, all patients with fatal ILD had ground-glass attenuation and reticular opacity as the principal radiological findings. Consolidation was recognized frequently as the principal pattern in nonfatal cases. Radiological patterns were categorized into 3 groups; A: consolidation dominant, B: ground-glass attenuation/reticular opacity dominant without chronic fibrosing process, and C: ground-glass attenuation/reticular opacity dominant with chronic fibrosing process. Occurrences of fatal disease were 0%, 83%, and 20%, in groups A, B, and C. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of ILD associated with DM differs from that with PM. The former can be classified into 3 subgroups on the basis of radiological findings, which are closely associated with clinical course.