高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况

目的分析高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况。方法对高血压病患者51名行艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)等调查,以全国常模为对照。结果高血压患者EPQ的E维度得分显著低于常模,N、P、L维度得分显著高于常模;高血压患者SCL-90各因子均分和总分均显著高于国内常模。TAS-20因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ均分和总分与SCL-90各因子均分显著正相关,因子Ⅲ与SCL-90各因子均分相关不显著。EPQ的E维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著负相关(除躯体化、恐怖因子外),而N、P维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著正相关。结论高血压患者个性较为内向、情绪不稳定和明显的精神质倾向,且存在述情障碍及多种情绪和躯体问题,心理健康状况较差。     

高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况

目的 分析高血压患者述情障碍、个性与心理状况.方法 对高血压病患者51名行艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)等调查,以全国常模为对照.结果 高血压患者EPQ的E维度得分显著低于常模,N、P、L维度得分显著高于常模;高血压患者SCL-90各因子均分和总分均显著高于国内常模.TAS-20因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ均分和总分与SCL-90各因子均分显著正相关,因子Ⅲ与SCL-90各因子均分相关不显著.EPQ的E维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著负相关(除躯体化、恐怖因子外),而N、P维度得分与SCL-90各因子显著正相关.结论 高血压患者个性较为内向、情绪不稳定和明显的精神质倾向,且存在述情障碍及多种情绪和躯体问题,心理健康状况较差.     

心身疾病与抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征分析

目的对心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征进行分析。方法纳入2014年9月至2015年3月期间我院收治的46例心身疾病患者(研究1组)、46例抑郁症患者(研究2组)和来我院接受健康体检的50例健康体检者(一般组)作为研究对象,采用HAMD量表(汉密顿抑郁量表)和TAS(多伦多述情障碍量表)分别对三组研究对象的述情障碍进行评定分析。结果研究1组TAS中因子1、2、4评分、HAMD量表部分因子评分高于一般组(P0.05),研究2组TAS和HAMD量表中各因子评分均明显高于一般组(P0.05)。结论述情障碍参与了心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者病情的发生和发展,心身疾病患者存在着一定程度的抑郁情绪。     

心身疾病与抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征分析

目的对心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者的述情障碍特征进行分析。方法纳入2014年9月至2015年3月期间我院收治的46例心身疾病患者(研究1组)、46例抑郁症患者(研究2组)和来我院接受健康体检的50例健康体检者(一般组)作为研究对象,采用HAMD量表(汉密顿抑郁量表)和TAS(多伦多述情障碍量表)分别对三组研究对象的述情障碍进行评定分析。结果研究1组TAS中因子1、2、4评分、HAMD量表部分因子评分高于一般组(P0.05),研究2组TAS和HAMD量表中各因子评分均明显高于一般组(P0.05)。结论述情障碍参与了心身疾病患者和抑郁症患者病情的发生和发展,心身疾病患者存在着一定程度的抑郁情绪。     

心肌梗塞后述情障碍分析及康复意义

应用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)，对35例心肌梗塞患者进行了述情障碍心理调查，结果68．6％的患者出现述情障碍。TAS的因子分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ明显升高。说明重视述情障碍、加强心理卫生对AMI患者的康复有重要意义。     

躯体形式障碍患病性别差异的影响因素分析

目的分析躯体形式障碍患病性别差异的影响因素。方法以符合《国际疾病分类第10版》(ICD-10)诊断标准的躯体形式障碍病人300例为研究对象,采用自制问卷收集一般资料,并进行儿童期成长经历问卷(CTQ-SF)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)测评,应用单因素分析、最佳尺度回归分析对患病率性别差异的影响因素进行分析。结果女性躯体形式障碍病人多于男性,男女比为1∶1.63。不同性别躯体形式障碍病人职业、文化程度、诱发事件、情感忽视、述情障碍、防御机制比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中防御机制意义最大(重要性值=0.384);在年龄、家族史、婚姻状况、情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、内外向、情绪稳定性、精神质、认知功能方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论躯体形式障碍病人女性多于男性,男女患病差异的影响因素有职业、文化程度、诱发事件、情感忽视、述情障碍、防御机制,其中防御机制对患病性别差异影响最大。     

睡眠质量与社区人群肠易激综合征相关性分析

目的 探讨上海市社区人群睡眠质量与肠易激综合征(IBS)患病率及两者之间的关系.方法 采用随机分层整群抽样方法,对上海市嘉定区江桥镇常住人群成年居民进行面访式问卷调查,回收有效调查问卷11 569份.采用罗马Ⅲ标准诊断IBS,阿森斯睡眠障碍量表进行自我评估,分析睡眠障碍与IBS之间的关系.结果 睡眠障碍在社区总人群、IBS患者及非IBS患者中发生率分别为21.00%、33.02%和18.74%.IBS组存在睡眠障碍比例高于非IBS组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.004,OR=2.14,95%CI:1.92～2.39),即存在睡眠障碍的人群患IBS的危险性是无睡眠障碍人群的2.14倍.在IBS组,女性患者存在睡眠障碍的比例(37.24%)显著高于男性患者(28.41%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,OR=1.50,95%CI:1.23～1.82),提示存在睡眠障碍的女性更易于患IBS.Logistic回归分析显示睡眠障碍是IBS的危险因素之一(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.89～2.36).结论 IBS患者常存在睡眠障碍,尤其是女性患者.     

肠易激综合征与睡眠障碍相关性研究

目的分析肠易激综合征患者的睡眠质量,探讨IBS患者的睡眠特征。方法采用罗马Ⅲ标准诊断IBS,阿森斯睡眠障碍量表(Athens Insomnia Scale,AIS)进行自我评估,分析睡眠障碍与IBS之间的关系。对IBS患者(63例)及健康体检志愿者(51例)进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验和Spearman等级相关检验研究IBS与睡眠障碍的关系。结果睡眠障碍在IBS患者和体检者中的发生率分别为36.5%(23/63)和15.7%(8/51),IBS组存在睡眠障碍比例高于体检组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS组AIS总均分高于体检组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。进一步统计分析发现,IBS组女性、脑力劳动者、高学历和曾遭遇精神打击者发生IBS几率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IBS患者常存在睡眠障碍,尤其是女性、脑力劳动者、高学历和曾遭受精神打击者。IBS患者存在睡眠异常,主要表现在入睡时间、夜间苏醒和总睡眠质量3个因子和AIS总分异常。     

肠易激综合征患者的睡眠特征

目的 分析伴焦虑抑郁和无焦虑抑郁的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者睡眠质量的差别,探讨IBS患者的睡眠特征.方法 采用pittsburgh睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对IBS患者(145例)及健康体检志愿者(59例)进行问卷调查,再根据焦虑或抑郁评分对IBS患者分为无焦虑抑郁亚组和伴焦虑抑郁亚组,进行统计学分析.结果 在SAS、SDS量表中,IBS组的SAS粗分、SDS粗分及SAS粗分阳性率均比健康对照组高(29.43±15.24比26.10±11.55,31.29±13.32比26.51±13.91,12.41%比3.39%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),SDS粗分阳性率与健康对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在PSQI量表中,IBS组及无焦虑抑郁IBS亚组在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍等3个因子及PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠时间、日间功能障碍等6个因子和PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在所有7个因子和PSQI总分均比无焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IBS患者存在睡眠异常,主要表现在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍3个因子和PSQI总分异常,这些因子的异常独立于患者的情绪障碍,但情绪障碍会加重IBS患者的睡眠异常.     

心肌梗塞后述情障碍分析及康复意义

应用多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS）,对35例心肌梗塞患者进行了述情障碍心理调查,结果68.6％的患者出现述情障碍。TAS的因子分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ明显升高。说明重视述情障碍、加强心理卫生对AMI患者的康复有重要意义。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.