磁化支架安置术后血浆纤溶活性变化及临床意义

目的 :观察冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架安置术 （ICS）后冠状窦血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 （t- PA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 - 1（PAI- 1）活性的动态变化 ,探讨磁化支架对术后再狭窄防治的作用机制。方法 :冠心病患者 38例 ,随机安置普通支架 18例 （I组 ） ,磁化支架 2 0例 （II组 ） ,分别于 PTCA前、ICS后即刻、6 h时自冠状窦采血来检测血浆 t- PA和 PAI- 1的活性。结果 :两组患者的 t- PA活性在术后即刻均降低 ,而术后 6 h II组的 t- PA活性较之 I组有明显恢复 （P<0 .0 5 ）。相反 ,术后即刻两组患者的 PAI- 1活性均明显升高 （P<0 .0 1） ;然而 ,在术后 6 h,II组的 PAI- 1活性已恢复到术前水平 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :磁化支架可有效促进冠脉循环纤溶活性的恢复 ,可能对再狭窄有防治作用。     

冠状动脉造影和PTCA术对冠心病纤溶活性的影响

目的 :观察选择性冠状动脉造影 （SCA）和 PTCA对冠心病纤溶活性的影响。方法 :对接受 SCA的 45例患者和 PTCA术后 19例患者的血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物抗原 （t- PA:Ag）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 （PAI1 ）和纤维蛋白二聚体 （DD）含量进行动态观测。结果 :1SCA后 SCA正常组、稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛组 t- PA:Ag含量均显著升高 （P<0 .0 1） ,前者 2 4h,后者 72 h内恢复 ;活性无显著变化 ;t- PA:Ag升高程度以 SCA正常组最明显 ,显著高于稳定和不稳定型心绞痛组。 2 PTCA术后 t- PA:Ag,DD含量和 PAI1 活性均显著升高 ,PAI1 活性 3d内、t- PA :Ag 7d内恢复 ,DD含量 7d内仍高于术前。结论 :冠心病患者有 t- PA:Ag储存和释放障碍 ,SCA和 PTCA术后纤溶活性有增加趋势 ,可能与术前、术后抗血小板药物及术中、术后肝素应用有关。     

缬沙坦对兔急性心肌梗死血小板活化、纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响

目的　探讨缬沙坦对急性心肌梗死血小板活化、纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响。方法　新西兰大白兔30只 ,随机分为三组 ,每组 10只 , 组 :假手术组 , 组 :急性心肌梗死组 , 组 :缬沙坦组 ; 、 组分别结扎冠状动脉左室支中点后 4 h,取血分别测定血栓素 B2 (throm boxane B2 ,TXB2 )、6 -酮 -前列腺素 F1α(6 - Keto- prostaglandinF1α,6 - Keto- PGF1α)、内皮素 (Endothelin,ET)、一氧化氮 (Nitric oxide,NO)浓度以及组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (tis-sue- type plasminogen activator,t- PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 (Plasm inogen activator inhibitor,PAI)活性 ;摘取心脏 ,测定心肌梗死范围。结果　 、 组与 组比较 ,血浆 TXB2 、ET、NO浓度和 PAI活性显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,6 - Keto- PGF1α浓度、t- PA活性显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) , 组与 组比较 ,血浆 TXB2 、ET、NO浓度和 PAI活性明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,6 - Keto- PGF1α浓度、t- PA活性显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,梗死范围减小。结论　缬沙坦抑制急性心肌梗死早期血小板活化 ,改善纤溶活性 ,减少 ET和 NO的释放 ,缩小心肌梗死范围     

不同麻醉方法对胃癌根治术患者围术期纤溶功能的影响

将60例胃癌根治术患者随机分为硬膜外阻滞组（A组）、全麻组（B组）、硬膜外阻滞＋全麻组（C组）各20例。于麻醉前、术中1h、术毕即刻、术后24h、术后72h测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）。结果术后72hA组和C组t—PA、PAI-1均恢复至麻醉前，B组t-PA低于、PAI-1高于麻醉前（P均〈0．05）。表明连续硬膜外阻滞及硬膜外阻滞＋全麻有助于胃癌根治术患者围术期纤溶功能恢复。     

索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死血小板活化及纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响

目的 :探讨索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)血小板活化、纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响。方法 :新西兰大白兔 4 0只 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 10只 ,Ⅰ组 :假手术组 ,Ⅱ组 :AMI组 ,Ⅲ组 :利多卡因组 ,Ⅳ组 :索他洛尔组 ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别结扎冠状动脉左室支中点 ,4h后取血分别测定血栓素B2 (TxB2 )、6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)、内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 (PAI)活性 ;摘取心脏 ,测定心肌梗死范围。结果 :Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ,Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,梗死范围减小。结论 :索他洛尔抑制AMI早期血小板活化 ,改善纤溶活性 ,减少ET和NO的释放 ,缩小心肌梗死范围     

PTCA手术前后患者TNF,TGF和PGF水平分析

目的 :探讨 PTCA术前后血浆中肿瘤坏死因子 （TNF）、转化生长因子 （TGF-α） ,和 6 -酮 -前列腺素 F1α（6 - keto-PGF1α）的含量变化及临床意义。方法 :PTCA患者 38例 ,分别于术前、术后 4h,12 h,抽外周血测定 TNF,TGF-α和 6 - keto- PGF1α值 ,对照组选取 CAG正常者 2 2例。结果 :PTCA手术前后血浆中 TNF值均较 CAG正常组升高 ,TGF- α术前与 CAG正常组相同 ,术后升高。CAG正常组 6 - keto- PGF1α均高于 PTCA组 ,PTCA组术后只有轻度升高。放置支架越多 TNF,TGF- α值升高越明显 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :PTCA术后的血管反应与免疫因素有关。     

肝素涂层支架术后纤溶及内皮素的动态变化

冠心病患者植入肝素涂层支架 (HCS) ,是降低术后亚急性血栓形成的有前途的方法。我们通过对HCS和普通无涂层支架 (NCS)植入术前后血浆纤溶、前列腺素 (PGF)、内皮素 (ET)、丙二醛 (MDA)水平变化的比较 ,探讨HCS降低术后并发症的可能机制。一、对象和方法选择 1998年间住院行经皮冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)及支架植入术的冠心病患者 30例 ,随机分组。普通无涂层支架 (NCS)组 :男 14例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 39～ 70 (5 5 0±9 9)岁。肝素涂层支架 (HCS)组 :男 12例 ,女 2例 ,年龄4 0～ 6 7(5 3 6± 5 1)岁。分别于术前及术后不同时间点…     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠主动脉PAI-1,tPA活性的影响及不同肾素活性状态下纤溶功能的变化

目的 :观察血管紧张素 （Ang ）对大鼠主动脉纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 （PAI- 1）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t PA）活性的影响及不同肾素活性状态下纤溶功能的变化。方法 :1采用离体大鼠主动脉条孵育的方法 ,在孵育液中分别加入不同浓度 （10 - 9,10 - 8,10 - 7,10 - 6m ol/ L） Ang ,用发色底物法分别测定孵育液中 PAI- I及 t PA活性。2 2 4只雄性 8周龄正常血压 WKY大鼠随机分为高盐组和对照组 （n=12 ） ,分别给予 2 0 g/ L 盐水和清水喂养 6周 ,制备不同肾素活性模型动物 ,放射免疫法测定血浆肾素活性 （PRA）和血浆 Ang ,同时用发色底物法分别测定血浆中 PAI- 1及 t PA活性 ,用 Pearson方法做多元相关分析。结果 :不同浓度的 Ang 可使大鼠主动脉 PAI- 1活性增加 ,t PA活性无变化。低盐组 PRA和血浆 Ang 水平升高 ,同时 PAI- 1活性增加 ,而 t PA活性无变化 ,多元相关分析显示 ,血浆 PAI- 1活性与血浆 Ang 水平的对数呈正相关。结论 :肾素 -血管紧张素系统参与了纤溶系统功能的调节     

实验性颈动脉粥样硬化模型中血栓素B2和6-酮-前列腺素F1α与抗凝血酶Ⅲ和纤溶酶原活性的改变

为研究高脂饲料加空气干燥术制作的家兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型中血栓素B2和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(简称为前列腺素F)与抗凝血酶Ⅲ和纤溶酶原活性改变的关系。采用54只日本大耳白兔分为3组,分别给予高脂饲料加空气干燥术（n=24）、单纯高脂饲料（n=24）和正常饲料（n=6）喂养。在实施空气干燥术后的第3天、第1周、第2周和第4周分别处死动物,观察颈动脉病理改变和血液中血栓素B2和前列腺素F与抗凝血酶Ⅲ和纤溶酶原活性改变的关系。结果发现,高脂饲料加空气干燥术组动物第4周时抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性明显降低,而纤溶酶原活性明显升高。高脂饲料加空气干燥术组与单纯高脂饲料组的血栓素B2和血栓素B2/前列腺素F比值均较正常饲料组升高,差异有显著性。结果提示,高脂饲料加空气干燥术法可以形成典型的颈动脉粥样硬化病变,病变与内皮细胞损害后血栓素和前列腺素改变及抗凝血酶Ⅲ和纤溶酶原活性改变密切相关。     

脑梗死急性期患者凝血与纤溶指标的改变及降纤酶的疗效

目的 :研究脑梗死急性期患者纤溶、凝血指标的变化及降纤酶的疗效。方法 :测定 38例脑梗死急性期 (<3天 )患者降纤酶治疗前、后的血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)、α2 抗纤溶酶 (α2 - PI)、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t- PA)及其抑制物 (PAI- 1)和 D-二聚体 (D- D)的变化。结果 :脑梗死急性期患者血浆 Fbg、α2 - PI、 PAI- 1、 D- D水平分别为 4.32± 1.7g/ L、 (15 4.39± 34 .86 ) %、 0 .2 6± 0 .1IU/ m l、 1.12± 0 .32 AU/ ml和 1.34± 1.18mg/ L,明显升高 ,较正常对照组有显著差异 P<0 .0 1) ,t- PA水平下降非常显著 (P<0 .0 0 1)。降纤酶治疗后 Fbg、α2 - PI、 PAI- 1、 D- D水平显著下降 (P<0 .0 5～ P<0 .0 0 1) ,t- PA水平升高非常显著 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论 :降纤酶有良好降纤、溶纤作用 ,对脑梗死急性期患者有显著疗效。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.