肺部感染对急性左心衰患者降钙素原及B型脑钠肽的影响以及相关性分析

目的探讨肺部感染对急性左心衰患者降钙素原(PCT)与B型脑钠肽(BNP)的影响,分析PCT与BNP的相关性。方法选择2015年1月至2016年10月我校附属医院内科收治的急性左心衰患者50例作为研究对象,按是否合并肺部感染分为单纯急性左心衰组29例,急性左心衰合并肺部感染组21例,检测比较两组患者入院后第1、7天血清PCT、BNP含量,分析PCT与BNP的相关性。结果急性左心衰合并肺部感染组患者的血清PCT、BNP水平均显著高于单纯急性左心衰组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对PCT与BNP进行相关性分析结果显示,无论是入院后第1天还是入院后第7天,合并肺部感染的急性左心衰组患者血清PCT与BNP水平均呈现正相关(r=0.63,P=0.003;r=0.70,P=0.001);单纯急性左心衰组患者血清PCT与BNP水平均无相关性(r=-0.21,P=0.272;r=-0.09,P=0.640)。结论合并肺部感染可使急性左心衰患者血清PCT与BNP水平显著升高,合并肺部感染的急性左心衰患者血清PCT与BNP水平呈正相关关系,检测患者血清PCT与BNP水平有利于早期判断急性左心衰患者是否合并肺部感染以及患者心衰的严重程度。     

无创辅助通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并急性左心衰的疗效

目的探讨临床应用双水平气道正压(BiPAP)通气治疗老年COPD合并急性左心衰的作用。方法将56例患有COPD合并急性左心衰的患者随机分为常规对照组(28例)和BiPAP治疗组(28例),观察分析动脉血气、呼吸频率、心率、血压、BNP。结果 BiPAP通气治疗可迅速的改善患者的症状,24 h后与常规治疗组相比,治疗组患者的心率减慢,呼吸频率减慢,收缩压下降,血气分析显示氧分压明显的提高(P<0.05).BiPAP治疗组血清BNP水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 BiPAP通气治疗老年COPD合并急性左心衰患者,可提高PaO2,降低PaCO2,改善心功能。     

BiPAP无创辅助通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重期合并急性左心衰的临床疗效

目的探讨临床应用双水平气道正压(Bi PAP)通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重期(AECOPD)合并急性左心衰的临床疗效。方法将58例AECOPD合并急性左心衰的老年患者随机分为对照组(28例)和BiPAP治疗组(30例),观察分析治疗前后动脉血气、呼吸频率、心率、血压、N末端前体脑钠肽(NT-pro-BNP)等变化情况。结果 BiPAP辅助通气治疗可迅速改善患者症状。与对照组相比,BiPAP治疗组患者的心率减慢,呼吸频率减慢,收缩压下降,血气分析显示PaO_2明显提高(P0.05),PaCO_2明显降低(P0.05);BiPAP治疗组血清NT-pro-BNP水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论 BiPAP辅助通气治疗老年AECOPD合并急性左心衰患者,可提高PaO_2,降低PaCO_2,改善预后,降低病死率。     

老年高血压合并心衰患者抗血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体自身抗体的研究

目的 观察抗血管紧张素Ⅱ1 型(AT1) 受体自身抗体的产生对老年高血压合并心衰的影响.方法 以合成的AT1受体细胞外第二环肽段作为抗原,用ELISA 法检测老年高血压合并心衰组(90例)、老年单纯高血压组(123例)以及老年健康对照组(88例)血清中的抗AT1受体自身抗体.结果 老年高血压合并心衰组42例抗AT1受体自身抗体阳性率(46.7%)明显高于单纯高血压组(34.1%)(P＜0. 05)和对照组(14.8%)(P＜0.01).在老年高血压合并心衰组中,抗AT1受体自身抗体阳性组的心脏结构、功能变化和肾功能损伤程度均明显重于抗体阴性组.但在3 种不同心功能分级的老年高血压合并心衰亚组中,抗AT1受体自身抗体阳性率比较无显著差异(P＞0. 05). 结论 老年高血压合并心衰患者中抗AT1受体自身抗体检出频率显著增高,其可能参与了心衰发生发展过程中的心肌重构和肾功能损伤等病理改变.     

硝酸异山梨酯注射液泵入治疗老年急性心梗合并急性左心衰的疗效和安全性

目的观察老年急性心梗合并急性左心衰患者采取硝酸异山梨酯注射液泵入治疗疾病的疗效和安全性。方法选取我院2014年5月~2016年5月确诊的急性心梗合并急性左心衰患者60例为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,各30例。A组予以硝酸甘油泵入治疗,B组予以硝酸异山梨酯注射液泵入治疗,比较两组患者用药的疗效和安全性。结果 A组和B组总有效率分别为73.3%和93.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);并发症发生率分别为16.7%和6.7%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论硝酸异山梨酯注射液泵入治疗老年急性心梗合并急性左心衰的疗效确切,安全性良好,值得临床推广和运用。     

老年急性左心衰合并糖尿病低血糖治疗效果的临床探讨

目的观察老年急性左心衰合并糖尿病低血糖的治疗效果。方法以近年来来该科诊治的20例老年急性左心衰合并糖尿病低血糖患者为研究对象,根据患者实际情况进行适量的葡萄糖静脉注射,给予利尿、强心药物进行治疗,及时纠正水电解质紊乱,维持体液平衡,并观察其治疗效果。结果 20例患者中,入院后经有效治疗19例患者的病情得到控制,血糖水平升高,神志清醒恢复正常,心衰症状得以缓解。另有1例患者因发病至就诊时间过长,抢救无效死亡,病死率为5.00%。结论低血糖可诱发老年糖尿病患者出现急性左心衰竭,应采取积极的控制血糖、及时处理并存高血压、血脂异常等危险因子和心力衰竭,促进患者及早康复。     

乌拉地尔联合硝酸甘油治疗急性左心衰伴高血压的疗效观察

目的 探讨乌拉地尔、硝酸甘油联合治疗急性左心衰伴高血压的临床疗效.方法 选择50例急性左心衰患者,随机分为治疗组25例和对照组25例.治疗组采用乌拉地尔联合硝酸甘油治疗,对照组单独使用硝酸甘油治疗,比较两组的治疗效果.结果 乌拉地尔、硝酸甘油联合应用治疗急性左心衰伴高血压的临床效果明显优于单独使用硝酸甘油的治疗效果,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 乌拉地尔、硝酸甘油联合应用治疗急性左心衰伴高血压安全有效.     

左心功能不全为首发症状的老年急性心肌梗死临床特点分析

目的观察并分析以左心功能不全为首发症状的老年急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点,探讨老年患者心肌梗死的发病特点及其病因和危险因素。方法收集2009年3月至2013年11月来我院急诊科就诊的以左心功能不全为首发症状的112例老年急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,分析其临床特点、并发症及危险因素等,另外选取同时期非老年急性心肌梗死患者36例作为对照(非老年组)。结果以左心功能不全为首发症状的老年患者以男性居多,多为无痛型梗死,多合并糖尿病、高血压等危险因素,诱因不明显,与非老年组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);以左心功能不全为首发症状的老年患者非ST段型心肌梗死患者发病率高于非老年组(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死多见于老年患者,其中男性发病率较高,患者多合并糖尿病、高血压,左心收缩舒张功能损伤造成急性左心衰,对于急性心肌梗死患者要重视各种高危因素,积极预防。     

老年肥厚型心肌病与高血压左室肥厚患者临床特点的比较

目的 分析老年肥厚型心肌病与老年高血压左室肥厚患者的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析老年肥厚型心肌病患者(35例)与老年高血压左室肥厚患者(35例)的症状和体征及心电图、超声心动图的差异.结果 老年肥厚型心肌病患者均无高血压史.两组年龄、性别、脑血管病史及肥厚型心肌病家族史比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中,晕厥者5例(14.3%),高血压左室肥厚患者中,无晕厥者,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中无心脏杂音者9例(25.7%),明显少于高血压左室肥厚患者[23例(65.7%),P＜0.05].心电图示:老年肥厚型心肌病患者中,有异常Q波者10例(28.6%),较高血压左室肥厚患者的1例(2.9%)多(P＜0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中心房颤动(房颤)及ST-T改变者分别为11例(31.4%)及34例(97.1%),明显多于高血压左室肥厚患者的3例(8.6%)及26例(74.3%),均为P＜0.05.超声心动图示:老年肥厚型心肌病患者的左室后壁厚度为(9.5±1.1)mm,明显薄于高血压左室肥厚患者的(12.6±1.0)mm(P＜0.01),左房内径老年肥厚型心肌病患者为(41.6±6.3)mm,高血压左室肥厚患者为(38.6±5.5)mm,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);老年肥厚型心肌病患者二尖瓣血流频谱E/A＜1者15例(42.9%),明显少于高血压左室肥厚患者的32例(91.4%),P＜0.05.老年肥厚型心肌病患者有主动脉瓣钙化者7例(20.0%),高血压左室肥厚患者20例(57.1%),二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),室间隔厚度、左室内径与射血分数2组相似(均为P＞0.05).结论 老年肥厚型心肌病患者临床表现有晕厥者多,心脏有明显的杂音,心电图有异常Q波及房颤者较多,超声心动图显示左室不对称性肥厚多;高血压左室肥厚患者左室肥厚多为对称性,合并主动脉瓣钙化者多.     

老年急性心力衰竭合并急性肾损伤的临床特征及危险因素

目的观察老年急性心力衰竭(心衰)合并急性肾损伤的临床特征,分析可能的危险因素。方法分层整群抽样,回顾分析住院期间发生急性心衰老年患者251例临床资料,仔细阅览患者病例资料,记录其一般情况,将合并急性肾损伤者纳为肾损伤组,其他患者纳为对照组,对比两组一般情况,观察合并急性肾损伤患者的临床特征,将可能的因素纳入,并经单因素与多因素分析检验,找出可能的危险因素。结果 251例急性心衰患者中合并急性肾损伤者55例(21.91%);与未合并急性肾损伤组患者相比,肾损伤组普尔森并发症指数(CCI)评分高、血尿素氨(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、脑钠肽(BNP)呈高表达,估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、总胆固醇(TC)、白蛋白(ALB)呈低表达,患者纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级多为Ⅲ级,既往有肾脏病史。经单因素与多因素分析结果显示,eGFR低表达[60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)]、使用利尿剂可能是老年急性心衰合并急性肾损伤危险因素(OR1,P0.05);ALB可能是其保护因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论老年急性心衰患者合并急性肾损伤风险高,合并急性肾损伤者血清学相关指标水平多表达异常,肾功能与心功能低下,且既往多有肾脏病史;患者基础eGFR水平低表达、利尿剂不合理使用、血清ALB低表达均可能是合并急性肾损伤的危险因素。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.