阴血虚和阳气虚患者视网膜血氧饱和度差异

目的：研究糖尿病、慢性肾病患者相同中医证型视网膜血氧饱和度的特征。方法：病例对照研究。基于证素辨证研究，纳入2014 年11 月至2016 年1 月四川省中医院2 型糖尿病患者64 例、慢性肾病患者83 例及门诊体检正常人103 例，采集视网膜动脉、静脉血氧饱和度，计算动静脉血氧饱和度差值，探索同证异病视网膜血氧饱和度及管径的差异。数据比较采用方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。结果：阴血虚与阳气虚患者视网膜动脉血氧饱和度分别为（101.4±10.2）%和（98.3±6.0）%，差异无统计学意义，与正常人比较3组差异有统计学意义（H=15.74，P < 0.001）；阴血虚、阳气虚患者视网膜静脉血氧饱和度分别为（62.2±8.4）%和（63.2±5.7）%，与正常人比较3组差异无统计学意义（F=0.56，P=0.569）；阴血虚患者视网膜平均动静脉血氧差值[（39.2±7.8）%]较阳气虚平均动静脉血氧差值[（35.0±5.8）%]高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。结论：阴血虚患者视网膜动静脉血氧饱和度差值较阳气虚患者大，提示阴血虚患者机体耗氧量较高。     

新生儿眼底变化规律及疾病筛查分析

目的:了解新生儿眼底特点及随年龄变化的规律,筛查眼底病变发生情况。方法:对1069例新生儿进行眼底检查。结果:1新生儿眼底随年龄呈现规律性改变;2发现玻璃体动脉残留37例(3.46%);永存性原始玻璃体增生症8例(0.75%);视乳头水肿25例(2.34%);视神经萎缩14例(1.31%);早产儿视网膜病变33例(3.09%);视网膜出血97例(9.07%);结论:(1)生儿眼底改变具有一定特点,并随年龄发生规律性变化;(2)新生儿视乳头水肿多见于脑缺氧缺血,严重的视乳头水肿往往提示颅内压增高;(3)新生儿不能轻易诊断视神经萎缩,必须要随访其随年龄变化颜色改变情况;(4)新生儿周边视网膜出血往往提示早产儿视网膜病变;(5)早期眼底筛查对于及时发现眼底病变及早治疗具有积极意义。     

补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:观察补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变疗效及对患者中医证候和视功能水平的影响.方法:选取2017-01/2019-12期间我院气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者110例,进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方式分为观察组55例110眼、对照组55例110眼,对照组参考相关指南根据患者病情程度予以常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗.比较两组患者治疗3mo临床疗效,治疗前、治疗3mo中医证候积分,临床指标(黄斑水肿情况评分、黄斑视网膜体积、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度),视功能(最佳矫正视力、视野平均敏感度),以及血清生化指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)].结果:治疗3mo后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者黄斑水肿情况评分、黄斑视网膜体积、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较治疗前减小,且观察组小于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者最佳矫正视力、视野平均敏感度均较治疗前改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3mo后,两组患者血清VEGF、HIF-1水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:补阳还五汤加减辅助治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀型非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变疗效确切,可能通过降低VEGF、HIF-1表达改善症状,促进视功能恢复.     

视瞻有色辨证与眼底及眼底荧光血管造影检查关系的探讨

目的探讨视瞻有色（即西医中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变，简称中浆）辨证各分型与检眼镜眼底检查及FFA检查的关系。方法将218例中浆患者眼底表现及FFA特征分别与中医各辨证分型对照分析。结果中浆各不同证型的眼底表现及FFA特征有明显的差异及规律。结论中浆的不同证型有不同的眼底表现及FFA特征，眼底检查与FFA检查可为中浆的中医辨证施治提供更为直观、准确的诊断依据。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者共焦激光扫描炫彩眼底成像和光相干断层扫描图像特征

目的观察妊娠高血压综合征(PIHS)患者共焦激光扫描炫彩眼底成像(MSLI)和OCT图像特征。方法2016年5月至2017年5月于天津市第一中心医院产科确诊的PIHS患者112例224只眼纳入研究。患者平均年龄(27.00±2.14)岁。平均PIHS病程(15.00±8.27)d。自觉有视物模糊、眼花、视觉疲劳87例174只眼。均行BCVA、直接检眼镜、B型超声、共焦激光扫描检眼镜(cSLO)、频域OCT(SD-OCT)检查。采用德国Heidelberg公司Spectralis HRA+OCT仪行SD-OCT检查,采集断层扫描图像。应用基于cSLO的海德堡炫彩程序,按照标准方法进行操作,1次扫描同时获得基于488 nm的蓝光反射、515 nm绿光反射、820 nm红外反射成像,合成MSLI像。将眼底异常表现分为动脉痉挛期(Ⅰ期)、动脉硬化期(Ⅱ期)、视网膜病变期(Ⅲ期)。根据视网膜形态、厚度等有无异常分为表现正常和异常。结果224只眼中,直接检眼镜检查眼底表现正常68只眼(30.36%);眼底表现异常156只眼(69.64%)。其中,Ⅰ期28只眼(17.95%);Ⅱ期40只眼(25.64%);Ⅲ期88只眼(56.41%)。SD-OCT检查,眼底表现正常36只眼(16.07%);表现异常188只眼(83.93%)。眼底表现异常的188只眼中,视网膜神经上皮层浆液性脱离86只眼(45.74%);RPE层脱离56只眼(29.79%);视盘水肿、隆起及视网膜神经纤维层局部反射增强和(或)厚度增加等46只眼(24.47%)。MSLI像中,眼底表现正常48只眼(21.43%);表现异常176只眼(78.57%)。视网膜水肿、浆液性视网膜神经上皮层和RPE层脱离、视网膜神经纤维层增厚等伴有视网膜局部凸起结构改变在MSLI上以绿色呈现。凸起程度越高,颜色越深。与SD-OCT检查显示的视网膜水肿范围一致。结论PIHS患者MSLI与SD-OCT图像显示的病变高度一致;MSLI可更清晰显示视网膜浅层及深层病变。     

益视汤对脾气虚证兔视网膜脱离复位后视网膜组织形态的影响

目的:观察中药益视汤对脾气虚证兔视网膜脱离(retinaldetachment,RD)自动复位后视网膜组织结构恢复的影响。方法:将健康成年新西兰灰兔26只随机分为脾气虚型RD自动复位组(A组)、益视汤治疗组(B组)及空白对照组(C组),采用耗气破气加饥饱失常法建立脾气虚证动物模型,在显微镜下行视网膜下注射透明质酸钠术建立视网膜脱离自动复位动物模型,用光学显微镜分别观察比较术后10,20,30d视网膜组织结构的变化。结果:B组较A组兔视网膜组织结构紊乱明显改善,细胞水肿变性明显减轻。结论:益视汤能减轻脾气虚证对视网膜脱离自动复位后各层组织细胞的不良影响。     

中西医结合治疗非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床疗效

目的:观察中西医结合治疗非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床疗效.方法:非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者90例90眼,随机分为西药治疗组(30例30眼)、中药治疗组(30例30眼)以及中西医结合治疗组(30例30眼).三组患者基础治疗相同,西药治疗组采用羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗,中药治疗组采用辨证分型论治,中西医结合治疗组即在西药治疗基础上结合辨证分型论治.治疗6个疗程后,记录并分析所有患者的临床疗效.结果:经治疗后,中西医结合治疗组的总有效率为86%,明显高于西药组的57%和中药组的60%(均P<0.05);治疗后中西医结合治疗组的视力改善明显优于西药组与中药组(均P<0.05);治疗后中西医结合治疗组黄斑区视网膜水肿吸收情况及视功能恢复情况均明显优于西药组和中药组(均P<0.05);治疗后中西医结合治疗组中医症状积分下降较西药组与中药组均更加明显(均P<0.05).结论:中西医结合治疗非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变疗效显著.     

视乳头切开术治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞12例报告

目的:探讨视乳头切开术治疗缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞的临床疗效.方法:缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞患者12例.术前患者均行眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查.手术常规做玻璃体切割,应用显微玻璃体视网膜切开刀,以鼻侧视乳头边缘为中心,垂直刺入达最宽处为止.术后1,3,6mo行眼底照像、FFA检查.结果:术中,视乳头切开后均可见视盘近端视网膜静脉充盈增加,9例术中穿刺时有少量出血,未经特殊处理均很快停止,1例术中发生局限性视网膜下出血.术后1mo内,11例患者视网膜或黄斑水肿均减轻或消退.术后3mo,患者行眼底照像、FFA检查结果均显示视网膜出血吸收,黄斑水肿消退;10例视力较术前提高(80%).1例保持不变,1例术中发生局限性视网膜下出血者术后视力下降.结论:视乳头切开术是安全有效的手术,有助于视网膜内出血、渗出及黄斑水肿的消退,部分患者视力可得到改善.     

原发性开角型青光眼的中医分型与RNFL厚度改变及视野损害关系

目的:探讨原发性开角型青光眼(青风内障)中医辨证分型与视网膜神经纤维层厚度的改变及视野损害之间关系的临床研究。方法:对72例144眼原发性开角型青光眼患者,采用光学相干断层成像术对144眼作围绕视盘3.4mm的环形扫描,记录各个象限视网膜神经纤维层厚度,并采用进口Humphry视野分析仪作中30°全定量视野检测检查,同时根据中医理论对患者作中医辨证分型,观察二者之间的关系。结果:中医的证型与视网膜神经纤维层厚度改变类型有统计学意义,中医证型与视野损害的类型有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:视神经损害较严重多见于青风内障的虚证,视神经损害早期多见于实证,因此视神经损害的程度在一定的程度上给予中医辨证治疗一定的指导作用。     

眼底检查在脑外伤昏迷患者中的价值

观察68例脑外伤昏迷患者的眼底变化，结果发现异常者61例，占89.71%.主要表现有眼底静脉增粗、博动减弱或消失，视乳头充血水肿，视网膜出血渗出。其异常改变程度与病情轻重基本一致。眼底检查可预测患者的预后。视乳头充血水肿、视网膜出血渗出常提示患者危重，患者多预后不良。 （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：200-201）     

氩激光联合曲安奈德球后注射治疗黄斑水肿

目的:探讨曲安奈德注射液球后注射治疗黄斑水肿的疗效。方法:选择黄斑水肿病例48例48眼,其中26例为实验组,22例为对照组。两组均先氩绿激光格栅样光凝治疗黄斑水肿后,实验组随后球后注射曲安奈德注射液20mg/0.5mL,对照组不注射。结果:两组患者治疗后视力均有所提高,实验组7d内即有6例提高。1,3mo同期两组视力提高比较,有显著差异(P<0.05);黄斑中心视网膜厚度测量:两组治疗后7d;1mo经OCT测得黄斑中心厚度较治疗前均有明显变薄,治疗后1mo两组降低数值相比有显著差异(P<0.05),3moFFA检查黄斑水肿明显吸收。结论:对于黄斑水肿,氩绿激光联合球后注射曲安奈德治疗效果明显,恢复快。     

中医辨证论治治疗视网膜光凝术后缺血型视网膜静脉栓塞

目的:观察缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞激光光凝术后的临床疗效。方法:对缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞194例214眼,随机分为对照组96例102眼和治疗组98例112眼,对照组在视网膜激光光凝基础上加用西药治疗;治疗组辨证为肝阳上亢、气滞血瘀、脾虚气弱、肝郁血热4型,光凝治疗后予以中医辨证论治。结果:治疗组98例112眼中,临床痊愈34眼(30.4%);好转68眼(60.7%);无效10眼(8.9%),总有效率91.1%。对照组96例102眼,临床痊愈8眼(7.8%);好转68眼(66.7%);无效26眼(25.5%),总有效率74.5%。治疗组与对照组临床疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:中医辨证论治治疗视网膜光凝术后视网膜静脉阻塞的临床疗效明显优于单纯西医治疗。     

多波长氪激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效分析

目的:通过分析142例多波长激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)的效果,讨论多波长激光在治疗BRVO中的重要意义。方法:通过对142例142眼BRVO患者应用美国科医人公司生产的多波长氪激光仪进行光凝治疗,在3mo后进行视力、眼压、裂隙灯、眼底镜及FFA检查,总结分析视力变化、视网膜出血吸收情况、黄斑水肿吸收情况。结果:经激光光凝治疗后3mo,出血吸收原面积的1/2以上者51眼(35.9%),吸收1/2～3/4者62眼(43.7%),吸收3/4至完全吸收者29眼(20.4%),同时,黄斑水肿完全吸收33眼(23.2%),黄斑水肿明显吸收96眼(67.6%),黄斑水肿轻度吸收或无变化13眼(9.2%)。治疗3mo后复查FFA,发现新生血管完全消退占有新生血管患者的71.2%,部分消退者占28.6%,无变化或加重仅占0.2%。结论:不失时机的应用多波长氪激光光凝治疗BRVO能明显提高视力,促进视网膜出血和黄斑水肿的吸收,同时可预防严重并发症的产生。     

氪激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞并发症46例临床分析

目的:探讨氪激光光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞并发症的疗效。方法:对46例46眼视网膜分支静脉阻塞出现并发症患者行氪激光治疗。合并黄斑水肿者26例行格栅状光凝,合并新生血管者20例行播散状光凝。3mo后复查眼底荧光血管造影,仍有黄斑渗漏或新生血管未萎缩者行二次激光治疗。结果:黄斑水肿消退,视力提高2行以上者占61%(28/46),不变者为35%(16/46),2例出现视力减退4%(2/46)。新生血管组80%(16/20)患者经1次光凝后新生血管消退,20%(4/20)患者行2次激光治疗后新生血管消退。结论:氪激光光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的并发症有效。     

Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变伴黄斑水肿

目的:观察Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)伴黄斑水肿(macularedema,ME)的临床效果。方法:选取2007-03/2008-04我院门诊或住院的DR伴ME患者34例,每例均为双眼发病,随机分为观察组17例,对照组17例,观察组采用玻璃体腔Avastin(20g/L)、曲安奈德(40g/L)联合注射治疗,对照组采用玻璃体腔曲安奈德(40g/L)注射治疗。观察并记录视力、眼压、视网膜新生血管和ME情况。结果:观察组的治愈率为64.7%,而对照组的治愈率仅为41.2%,观察组治愈率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变伴黄斑水肿的有效的方法。     

Limitations of imaging choroidal tumors in vivo by optical coherence tomography

· Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) produces two-dimensional cross-sectional images with a longitudinal resolution of 10 μm. Its capacity for imaging retinal structure has been shown in a variety of diseases. There are no reports on its capacity and limitations in imaging choriocapillary and choroidal structures. · Methods: Twenty-two patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid were submitted to OCT. We used a prototype and a commercial device, both with an 850-nm superluminescent diode with a bandwidth of 30 nm (reported longitudinal resolution 10 μm). The images were evaluated for retinal thickness, changes in retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulation and changes in choriocapillary or choroidal reflectivity. · Results: Retinal edema and detachment found on biomicroscopic examination for fluorescein angiography was detected by OCT in all such cases. In 2 of 22 cases small retinal detachments were detected only by OCT. Tumor extension through the retinal pigment epithelium was not seen in this series, either by biomicroscopy or by OCT. The pattern of choroidal or choriocapillary reflectivity was nonspecifically lower than that of normal choroid, but did not yield any additional information about tumor histology. When normal retina was present, the OCT appearance of a malignant melanoma resembled that of normal choroid. · Conclusion: OCT may provide information about the retinal structure overlying prominent tumors and the extent of adjacent retinal detachment. In its present state of development, OCT is of little value in the differential diagnosis of choroidal tumors. Its potential value for the follow-up of shallow tumors needs further investigation. Received: 19 March 1997 Revised version received: 18 August 1997 Accepted: 1 October 1997     

Tamoxifen retinopathy: does it really exist?

· Background: Tamoxifen retinopathy is known to be an adverse effect of high-dose tamoxifen treatment. Evidence of ocular toxicity at lower doses is less convincing: the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the above-mentioned retinopathy in a population treated with low-dose tamoxifen. · Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine women treated with low-dose tamoxifen (20 mg/day) were examined. Visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination were performed. Patients were reexamined after 6–12 months. · Results: Refractile retinal opacities, similar to those previously described as tamoxifen retinopathy, were observed in four patients (prevalence 3.1%; mean duration of therapy 806 days). None of them revealed corneal opacities, papillary and/or macular edema, or visual impairment. The ophthalmoscopic aspect did not change after a mean follow-up of 215 days, although one of these patients had interrupted tamoxifen intake. Statistical analysis (Student’s t-test) did not reveal any difference between patients with and those without refractile retinal opacities as far as age, treatment duration and ERG values were concerned. An early hyperfluorescence, reminescent of cuticular drusen, was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography in all four cases. · Conclusions: The present study would seem to confirm that low-dose tamoxifen may induce retinal toxicity in a low proportion of patients, but we cannot be certain that the refractile retinal opacities observed are really caused by tamoxifen, as differentiation from age-related macular degeneration with cuticular drusen appears nearly impossible. Received: 10 November 1997 Revised version received: 5 January 1998 Accepted: 14 January 1998     

Complications after implantation of intraocular devices in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis

· Purpose: The authors report their surgical experience after sustained-release ganciclovir treatment, as well as replacing empty ganciclovir implants in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.  · Methods: Between November 1995 and August 1998, 79 eyes of 49 patients received 99 intravitreal ganciclovir implants. Patients were examined monthly after implant surgery. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 128 weeks.  · Results: At the first 3-week postoperative visit, 73 eyes (97.2%) of 46 patients exhibited stable conditions. In 6 eyes (3.8%) of 3 patients, further progression was noted due to resistance to ganciclovir. The most common early complication (within 6 weeks after implantation) was cystoid macular edema, observed in 7 eyes receiving implants. Retinal detachment was the most common late complication (over 6 weeks after implantation) in 11 eyes. In almost all eyes with CMV retinitis and retinal detachment, involvement of more than 25% of the retina was observed. Additional severe complications included extrusion of the first pellet in 2 eyes and cataract as a late complication in 5 eyes. A total of 28 eyes (35.4%) of 16 patients receiving a second implant did not experience significant three-line loss by the end of the follow-up period.  · Conclusion: In the treatment of CMV retinitis, sustained-release ganciclovir implantation seems to be an alternative to intravenous ganciclovir. Early implantation and additional replacement of the device has the potential to decrease the risk of developing retinal detachment. We would recommend additional systemic antiviral CMV therapy to avoid infection of the fellow eye and CMV disease. Received: 5 November 1998 Revised version received: 25 January 1999 Accepted: 18 February 1999