原发性闭角型青光眼患者与可疑原发性房角关闭患者虹膜睫状体构型特征的比较分析

目的 比较原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者与可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者的房角生物学特征。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2019年10月至2021年3月同济医院58例PACG及PACS患者。方法 回顾患者病例资料及超声生物显微镜（UBM）图像,测量其房角生物学参数,进行定量及定性分析。主要指标 中央前房深度（ACD）、500 μm房角开放距离（AOD500）、500 μm小梁虹膜夹角（TIA500）、500 μm小梁睫状突距离（TCPD500）、500 μm小梁睫状体夹角（TCA500）、虹膜根部厚度（IT500）、睫状突长度（CPL）、睫状体厚度（CBT）。结果 与PACS组（n=25）相比,PACG组（n=33）患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）更低（0.4±0.35、0.2±0.17）,基线眼压更高（21.17±6.09、15.57±3.57 mmHg）,眼轴更短（22.17±1.22、22.74±0.88 mm）,ACD更浅（1.77±0.27、1.94±0.25 mm）,AOD500、TIA500、TCPD500、TCA500更小（0.04±0.04、0.10±0.05 mm;3.90±4.58、11.07±4.77°;0.51±0.10、0.58±0.10 mm;60.55±13.26、71.54±12.58°）,CPL更长（1.43±0.26、1.28±0.15 mm）。虹膜插入点位于睫状体基底部的比例（54.5%、20.0%）及睫状体前旋的比例（68.0%、39.4%）PACG组较PACS组更大（P均<0.05）。而IT500、CBT、虹膜成角和虹膜凸度在两组间未见差异。结论 PACG眼较PACS眼具有更短的眼轴和更浅的前房,长而前旋的睫状体构型更明显,虹膜插入点位于基底部的比例更高。（眼科,2022,31： 20-26）     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Five groups, each comprising 30 consecutive patients, diagnosed to have subacute PACG, acute PACG, chronic PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls were included in the present study. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, 90D fundus examination, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, visual field testing, A-scan biometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The anterior segment parameters recorded included: trabecular-iris angle, angle opening distance, trabecular ciliary process distance, and the iris thickness among other parameters. RESULTS: On ultrasound biomicroscopy the trabecular iris angle of control and POAG groups was more than all the subtypes of PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular iris angle of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P = 0.003) was more than acute PACG. Angle opening distance of controls and POAG group was significantly more than acute PACG and chronic PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular ciliary process distance of POAG group and controls was more than subacute PACG, acute PACG, and chronic PACG. The trabecular ciliary process distance of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P < 0.001) was more than acute PACG. Eyes with acute PACG had the least iris thickness at the three different positions tested. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle (trabecular iris angle) and the following parameters: trabecular ciliary process distance, angle opening distance, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma have a thinner iris with a shorter trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance, and trabecular ciliary process distance. The eyes with acute primary angle closure glaucoma have the narrowest angle recess.     

Gender variation in ocular biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy of primary angle closure suspects and normal eyes

PURPOSE: To compare A-scan biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy of primary angle closure suspects (PACS) with age-matched normal Indian eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects with primary angle closure suspects (n=57 eyes) and normal eyes (n=57 eyes) underwent A-scan biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), axial length (AXL), lens thickness, relative lens position (RLP), central corneal thickness (CCT), angle opening distance 500, trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-ciliary process distance, iris thickness, and scleral-ciliary process angle were measured. The subjects were divided into males, females, and combined groups for analysis. The parameters were compared using independent sample t test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: In the combined group, the PACS subjects presented a significantly low ACD, AXL, CCT, AOD500, TCPD, ACA (P<0.001), and RLP (P=0.04). In males, RLP was anterior (P=0.002) and in females, the lens thickness (P<0.001) was significantly thicker among the PACS group. CONCLUSIONS: ACD, AXL, CCT, TCPD, ACA, and angle opening distance 500 of the PACS group were significantly lower than in normals. In females, the lens in PACS was thicker than in normals. Lens in males was more anterior-placed in PACS group than in normals.     

Peripheral anterior synechiae and ultrasound biomicroscopic parameters in angle-closure glaucoma suspects

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) and the quantitative anterior chamber angle parameters measured by ultrasound microscopy (UBM) in angle-closure glaucoma suspect (ACGS) eyes. METHODS: Eyes were defined ACGS as having occludable angles and intraocular pressure less than 21 mm Hg without glaucomatous optic nerve head. The gonioscopic criteria for ACGS were the trabecular meshwork invisible in 3 or more quadrants of the entire angle and the angular width less than 20 degrees by Shaffer classification. Twenty-seven eyes of 20 patients underwent anterior chamber angle and ciliary body imaging with UBM. Angle opening distance (AOD(500)), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD) and trabecular-iris angle (TIA) were measured from the UBM images at each quadrant. RESULTS: The AOD(500), ARA, and TIA were not significantly different between the eyes with PAS (9 eyes) and without PAS (18 eyes) at each quadrant. However, the TCPD was significantly shorter in the superior quadrant when compared with the eyes without PAS (mean: 405.3+/-70.9 microm vs 536.4+/-140.5 microm) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the shorter distance from trabecular meshwork to ciliary body or the anterior placement of ciliary process may play a role in the development of PAS in ACGS eyes.     

Uveal damage in secondary glaucoma

In a morphometric study, we investigated histopathologic changes in the ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with secondary glaucoma. Eyes with malignant melanoma served as controls. The mean thicknesses of the ciliary muscle and inner connective-tissue layer of the pars plicata were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in glaucomatous than in melanomatous eyes, as was the mean width of the stromata of ciliary processes (P < 0.001). With increasing age, the ciliary muscle in melanomatous eyes became significantly thinner (P < 0.001). The width of the stroma at the base of the ciliary process was significantly correlated with the thickness of the inner connective-tissue layer of the pars plicata in both groups of eyes (P < 0.001). The mean number of ciliary processes was significantly lower in glaucomatous than in melanomatous eyes (P < 0.001), as was the mean height of pigment epithelial cells in the midperipheral retinaP < 0.05). The present study revealed quantitative glaucomatous tissue changes in the ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium.     

原发性房角关闭眼激光虹膜切除术后UBM测量参数比较

目的:比较激光虹膜切开术前后原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)眼超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)参数。方法:对46例74眼PAC患者进行了一项前瞻性临床试验。平均年龄58,04±11.33(24.0-82.0)岁。所有病例行完整的眼科检查,前房角镜A超生物测量和超声生物显微镜检查(Vu-max,SonomedInc.,NY,USA)及24-2标准无色差视野检查(SAP,Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer-II i,Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.,Dublin,CA,USA)。使用配对t检验评估基准和随访的平均值之间的变化。结果:激光周边虹膜切除术(laser peripheral iridotomy,LPI)术后,平均房角从8.02±4.61(0.10-19.60)度增加到17.66±6.39(0.10-32.70)度(P=0.000),房角开放距离500(angle opening distance 500,AOD500)从0.11±0.06(0.01-0.30)mm增加到0.23±0.07(0.13-0.50)mm(P=0.000),平均虹膜厚度(iris thickness,IT)从0.58±0.11(0.33-0.99)mm下降到0.52±0.10(0.25-0.77)mm(P=0.000)。小梁睫状突距离,虹膜睫状突距离和睫状体厚度均未发现显著统计学差异。结论:LPI术后PAC的白种人眼睛的AOD500,虹膜晶体距离和前房角增加,IT和虹膜晶体高度减少。这说明LPI解除了瞳孔阻滞,加深了前房,扩大了房角,减少了虹膜前凸和增厚。     

老年人可疑房角关闭眼的超声生物显微镜研究

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)结合A超定量测量老年人可疑房角关闭眼的眼前段生物学参数,探讨老年人发生急性房角关闭的潜在解剖因素以利青光眼的早期预防。方法:回顾性分析年龄55～83岁临床诊断为可疑房角关闭患者33例35眼。随机选取年龄55～80岁的健康志愿者25例25眼作为对照组。应用UBM测量两组的中央前房深度(ACD),房角开放距离500(AOD500),虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD),小梁睫状体距离(TCPD),睫状体绕巩膜突向前旋转角度(B角),虹膜厚度(IT)。应用A超测量两组的晶状体厚度(LT),眼轴长度(AL)。并计算出晶状体相对位置(RLP)。结果:老年人可疑房角关闭眼与正常对照组相比,晶状体相关参数:RLP明显偏前(P<0.01),LT增加(P<0.05),ILCD增加(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;睫状体相关参数:TCPD,B角明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;前房相关参数:ACD,AOD500明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;虹膜参数:IT基本无差异(P>0.05)。结论:老年人发生急性房角关闭的危险因素是晶状体位置厚度的改变,并且存在有睫状体位置的前移前旋。     

可疑性原发性房角关闭和原发性房角关闭与PACG解剖结构的比较

目的:探讨可疑性原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure suspect,PACS)、原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)及原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)解剖结构的异同。方法:采用国际区域性流行病学眼科学会(International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology,ISGEO)的分类系统,分为4组:正常对照组(47例47眼)、PACS组(157例157眼),PAC组(96例96眼)及PACG组(86例86眼)。应用NIDEK Echoscan US-1800型A型超声测量系统对被测者眼部解剖结构(前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、晶状体相对位置)进行测量,各项均值进行组间差异比较。结果:正常人、PACS和PAC与PACG的年龄、晶状体厚度依次增高(P<0.05),前房深度、晶状体相对位置依次递减(P<0.05);与正常人相比,PACS和PAC与PACG除眼轴外其余的参数都有差异(P<0.05);与PACG相比,正常人、PACS和PAC的解剖结构参数都存在差异(P<0.05);但PAC与PACG两组相比,除前房深度、晶状体相对位置外,其余的各项解剖参数相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:从正常人、PACS、PAC到PACG的前房深度变浅、眼轴变短、晶状体相对位置靠前。前房深度、晶状体相对位置对PACG的早期诊断及预防有一定的临床价值。     

应用超声生物显微镜探讨原发性闭角型青光眼的发病机制

目的探讨原发性闭角型青光眼的发病机制,研究睫状体改变在青光眼发病中的作用。方法应用超声生物显微镜（ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｂｉｏｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＵＢＭ）结合Ａ超检测９９只原发性闭角型青光眼及５８只正常眼的活体眼前节结构,并对两组测量参数进行对比研究。其中急性闭角型青光眼（急闭）５０只眼,慢性闭角型青光眼（慢闭）４９只眼。结果原发性闭角型青光眼与正常眼相比,角膜小、前房浅、眼轴短、晶体厚、相对晶体位置偏前、睫状突肿胀、睫状体前置,以上差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。急闭与慢闭相比,前者前房更浅,相对晶体位置更偏前,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００１）。急闭与正常眼相比,前者的睫状体与晶体距离较短,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）;而慢闭与正常眼相比,前者的睫状体与晶体距离亦较短,但差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）。结论原发性闭角型青光眼的发病与其自身的解剖特点有关。其中晶体位置前移导致的瞳孔阻滞及继发的房角变窄是闭角型青光眼发病的共同机制;而睫状突肿胀、睫状体位置的改变及与年龄相关的晶体厚度增大是导致晶体位置前移的可能原发因素。对于急闭而言,瞳孔阻滞是其发病的更重要因素。     

The anterior and posterior biometric characteristics in primary angle-closure disease: Data based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography

Purpose:Obtaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) still requires studies that provide measurements of anterior and posterior biometric characteristics together and that assess the relationship between them.Methods:In total, 201 eyes were enrolled in this cross-sectional study: 50 normal controls, 49 primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), 38 primary angle closure (PAC), and 64 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. The anterior and posterior structural features were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography.Results:All PACD groups had smaller anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), angle opening distance at 750 μm from the scleral spur (AOD750), trabecular–iris space area at 750 μm from the scleral spur (TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA), as well as a larger lens vault (LV), than controls (all P < 0.001). The PACS and PAC groups had thicker iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750) than controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.002, respectively). Choroidal thickness (CT) was not statistically different among normal, PACS, PAC, and PACG eyes. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between thinner IT750 and increased CT in PACD eyes (P = 0.031, univariate analysis; P = 0.008, multivariate analysis).Conclusion:Thinner iris thickness was associated with increased CT in PACD eyes; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.     

Laser peripheral iridotomy across the spectrum of primary angle closure

BACKGROUND: To study the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for primary angle closure in Asian Indian patients. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of patients who underwent LPI and completed a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Eyes were classified as primary angle-closure suspects (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).The indications for LPI, requirement of medication, and subsequent clinical course were studied in each group. RESULTS: 103 eyes of 55 patients were analyzed.The mean (SD) follow-up was 45.6 (2) months. The mean age in women was less than in men (55.7 [8.3] vs. 62.1 [7.8] years).Twenty-seven eyes were classified as PACS, 43 eyes as PAC, and 33 eyes as PACG. After LPI, no eye with PACS progressed to PAC or PACG. Four of 43 eyes (9.3%) with PAC progressed to PACG.Twenty-five of the 33 eyes (75.8%) with PACG did not progress after LPI during the study period. Patients with 2 quadrants of angle closure (risk ratio 12.9). INTERPRETATION: After LPI, the rate of progression from PAC to PACG was less than expected from the reported natural course of the disease, and the majority of eyes with PACG remained stable. LPI appears to alter the natural course of PACS, PAC, and PACG favourably.     

Corneal endothelial status in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

Purpose: To study the corneal endothelium and pachy­metry in eyes with different subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), as compared to controls. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 30 consecutive patients in each subtype of PACG, subacute, acute and chronic, and 30 age and refraction matched controls. The parameters recorded included gonioscopy, optic disc evaluation, applanation tonometry, specular microscopy and central ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: The mean endothelial cell counts in the four groups were as follows: subacute PACG 2396 ± 271 cells/mm², acute PACG 1597 ± 653 cells/mm², chronic PACG 2229 ± 655 cells/mm² and controls 2461 ± 321 cells/mm². The mean endothelial cell count in the fellow eyes of subacute PACG, acute PACG and chronic PACG patients was 2294 ± 305 cells/mm², 2388 ± 226 cells/mm² and 2108 ± 203 cells/mm², respectively (NS). The acute PACG patients had significantly lower endothelial cell counts (P < 0.001) as compared to the other three groups. Eyes in which the acute attack of angle closure persisted for less than 72 h had a mean endothelial cell count of 2016 ± 306 cells/mm², as compared to 759 ± 94.4 cells/mm² in eyes with an attack lasting for 72 h or more (P < 0.001). The endothelial count was also significantly lower in eyes with chronic PACG as compared to control eyes (P < 0.001). There was increased pleomorphism and polymegathism of the corneal endothelial cells seen in eyes with resolved acute and chronic PACG. The mean central corneal thickness was 531.4 ± 25.3 µm in eyes with subacute PACG, 567.9 ± 37.3 µm in eyes with acute PACG, 526.4 ± 31.9 µm in eyes with chronic PACG and 525 ± 12.6 µm in control eyes. The acute PACG eyes had a significantly higher corneal thickness (P < 0.001) when compared to all the other groups. Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in the corneal endothelial cell density in eyes that have had an acute attack of angle closure glaucoma and in eyes with chronic PACG. The endothelial cell population in eyes with sub­acute PACG and in the fellow eyes of all subtypes of PACG is not significantly different from the normal population.     

原发性房角关闭性疾病患者脉络膜厚度的临床研究

目的:应用频域光学相干断层扫描深度增强成像技术(EDI-OCT)测量并探讨原发性房角关闭性疾病(PACD)患者黄斑区及视盘周围脉络膜厚度的特点及规律,分析脉络膜厚度在PACD发病机制中的作用。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2015-01/2019-12于我院就诊的PACD患者82例155眼,其中可疑原发性房角关闭(PACS)组24例24眼;急性原发性房角关闭(APAC)组28例35眼;慢性原发性房角关闭(CPAC)组30例38眼;原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)组38例58眼。另收集健康志愿者87例87眼纳入正常对照组。所有研究对象均应用EDI-OCT测量黄斑区及视盘周围脉络膜厚度。结果:PACD各组黄斑区脉络膜厚度均高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在PACD患者中,除距黄斑中心凹3mm处鼻侧,PACG组黄斑区其余各点位脉络膜厚度均低于PACS组、APAC组、CPAC组(P<0.05)。APAC组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜(357.17±61.49μm)最厚,PACS组(318.04±56.52μm)次之,PACG组最薄(263.55±67.87μm)。除CPAC组,其余各组黄斑中心凹旁1mm处脉络膜厚度均较黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度降低(P<0.05)。各组受检者黄斑中心凹旁3mm处脉络膜厚度均低于黄斑中心凹下和黄斑中心凹旁1mm处(P<0.05)。各组受检者视盘周围脉络膜厚度无差异(P>0.05)。结论:PACD患者及正常人黄斑中心凹下脉络膜最厚,离黄斑中心凹越远,脉络膜越薄。黄斑区脉络膜增厚是PACD患者又一特征性解剖结构,可能是诱发青光眼急性发作的重要因素。PACD患者视盘周围脉络膜厚度与正常人相比并无特征性改变。     

原发性房角关闭行Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术后脉络膜厚度的改变

目的：应用增强深部成像的光学相干断层扫描（EDI-OCT）技术测量原发性房角关闭（PAC）患者行Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术（LPI）术前及术后脉络膜厚度，并与正常人的脉络膜厚度进行比较。方法：前瞻性队列研究。选择2015 年10 月至2017 年2 月在绍兴市人民医院眼科门诊就诊的符合PAC诊断的患者30例（48眼）作为PAC组，选择同期门诊正常体检的人群30例（50眼）作为正常对照组。测量正常对照组及PAC组LPI术前，术后1 周、1 个月、3 个月、6 个月的眼压、中央前房深度，并采用EDI-OCT分别测量黄斑中心凹下（SF）以及距离黄斑中心凹鼻侧（N1、N2、N3）、颞侧（T1、T2、T3）、上侧（S1、S2、S3）、下侧（I1、I2、I3）0.5、1.5、3.0 mm处共13个点的脉络膜厚度（CT）。采用重复测量方差分析对组间各不同时间点的数据进行比较；绘制脉络膜厚度的受试者工作特征曲线确定最佳诊断界限值；脉络膜厚度与眼压、中央前房深度的相关性采用Pearson相关分析；2组之间的比较采用独立样本t检验。结果：PAC组术前中央前房深度浅于正常对照组（t=-14.383，P < 0.001）。PAC组术前，术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月各时间点的中央前房深度差异具有统计学意义（F=10.313，P=0.001），且术前、术后1周、1个月、3个月的中央前房深度依次变深（P < 0.01）。PAC组术前13个点的脉络膜厚度均厚于正常对照组（均P < 0.01）。PAC组各时间点的脉络膜厚度总体差异具有统计学意义（F=240.512，P < 0.001），术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月的脉络膜厚度均较术前变薄（P < 0.001）。2组所有受试者的脉络膜厚度与中央前房深度在SF、T1、T2、T3、S2、S3、I1、I2、I3位置呈负相关（r=-0.249、-0.239、-0.416、-0.330、-0.184、-0.176、-0.189、-0.184、-0.160，P < 0.001），而脉络膜厚度与眼压、眼轴均无相关性。结论：PAC患者脉络膜厚度较正常人厚，行LPI术可使PAC患者的脉络膜厚度变薄。脉络膜厚度在PAC的早期诊断、病情观察及LPI手术治疗效果的评估方面具有一定的作用。     

超声生物显微镜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)检查的结果来指导青光眼合并白内障患者术前手术方法的选择,观察患者术后房角及其相关结构的改变。方法:对合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者30例(30眼)行小梁切除术联合白内障小切口手法碎核晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入。术前及术后1mo常规行视力、裂隙灯、用UBM测量前房深度(anterior chamber distance,ACD)、小梁虹膜角(tra-becular iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离500(angle opening dis-tance,AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular ciliary proces-ses distance,TCPD)和虹膜厚度1(iris distance,ID1)的检查,同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果:术后眼压较术前明显降低。ACD、TIA、AOD500、TCPD术前术后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ID1术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术可明显加深前房,增宽房角,重新开放小梁网。远期效果待于更多样本、更长时间的术后观察。     

正常眼压老年人眼前段超声生物显微镜的研究

目的对比窄前房角和宽前房角老年人眼前段结构的形态特征。方法选取59-73岁正常眼压老年人41名(62眼)作为观察对象。根据房角镜检查分为窄房角组(32只眼)和宽房角组(30只眼),分别用A超及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检测前房深度、晶体厚度、眼轴长度、晶体相对位置测量,睫状体厚度、房角开放距离、小梁虹膜角、虹膜厚度、虹膜晶体接触距离,并且对比点1%匹罗卡品滴眼液前后眼前段结构的变化。结果与宽角眼相比,窄角眼前房浅、晶体厚度较大、相对晶体位置前移、睫状体薄、小梁虹膜角窄,房角开放距离小、虹膜厚度小、虹膜晶体接触距离较大;睫状体厚度与晶体厚度呈负相关(r1=-0.53,p<0.01;r2=-0.40,p<0.05),与前房深度成正相关(r1=-0.83,p<0.01;r2=-0.79,p<0.01);窄角眼点匹罗卡品后使小梁虹膜角增加,房角开放距离增加,睫状体厚度增加,虹膜晶体接触距离增加,虹膜厚度变小,前房深度减小。宽角眼点匹罗卡品后小梁虹膜角减小,前房深度减小,房角开放距离减小,虹膜厚度变小,睫状体厚度增加,虹膜晶体接触距离增加。点1%匹罗卡品滴眼液前后,两组的前房深度差值、小梁虹膜角差值、房角开放距离差值均有显著性差异(p<0.01),睫状体厚度差值、平均虹膜厚度差值、以及虹膜晶体接触距离差值均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。结论老年人窄前房角的眼前段结构预示,他们可能是发生闭角青光眼的高危人群。     

An ultrasound biomicroscopic study of the anterior segment in Indian eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of plateau iris in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) after laser peripheral iridotomy by gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy and to evaluate the pathogenesis of this condition by comparing the UBM parameters of these eyes with those in normal subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in the Glaucoma clinic of a tertiary eye care center. A detailed clinical examination including applanation tonometry, indentation gonioscopy with a Sussman four-mirror gonioscope, and ultrasound biomicroscopic examination in one randomly selected eye of 55 patients (55 eyes) with PACG who had undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and 22 normal subjects (22 eyes). RESULTS: Among the PACG eyes, 40% (22/55) had an open angle (angle opening distance > 130 microns) and 60% (33/55) eyes had a narrow angle (angle opening distance 相似文献   

The effect of laser iridotomy on the anterior segment anatomy of patients with plateau iris configuration

PURPOSE: To determine if laser iridotomy altered the anterior segment anatomy of patients with plateau iris configuration. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 9 female and 1 male patients were imaged using an ultrasound biomicroscope within 19 weeks before and 52 weeks after laser iridotomy. Measurements obtained included the anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris thickness (IT), angle opening distance at 500 micrometers (AOD), iridozonular distance (IZD), and trabecular-iris angle (TIA). Comparisons of the pre- and post- iridotomy measurements were made using a two-tailed paired t test. RESULTS: Laser iridotomy elicited no statistically significant change in ACD, TCPD, IT, AOD, or TIA. However, IZD was decreased (P < 0.05) in both eyes after laser iridotomy. Configuration of the irides was flat before and after laser iridotomies. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that laser iridotomy did not alter anterior segment anatomy, probably because of the fixed anterior insertion of the iris and ciliary body in plateau iris configuration. The decrease in IZD distance may be the result of a small posterior movement of the iris due to a reduction in relative pupillary block, secondary to laser iridotomy. The small reduction in relative papillary block in plateau iris configuration does not alter the width of the anterior chamber angle as measured by AOD and TIA.     

小剂量激光睫状体成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的试点研究

目的 观察小剂量激光睫状体成形术（low dose trans-scleral cycloplasty,LDCP）治疗急性闭角型青光眼后前房深度和房角参数的变化。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 2018年5月至 2019年11月温州医科大学附属眼视光医院急性闭角型青光眼急性大发作患者12例15眼,年龄（54.7±14.1）岁。方法 LDCP是采用较少激光点数（能量1200~2000 mw,持续时间2 s）、仅对2个钟点范围睫状体光凝而达到睫状体重塑、松解睫状环阻滞的一种方法。分析治疗前和治疗后1周、1个月、3个月的临床资料。主要指标 眼压、中央前房深度、房角开放距离500 （angle opening distance 500,AOD500）、小梁网-虹膜夹角500 （trabecular iris angle 500,TIA500）、最大睫状突厚度（CBTmax）、小梁睫状突夹角（TCA）、降眼压药物使用情况。结果 15眼平均激光治疗点数为（13.3±2.3）（9~16个点）。治疗前眼压中位数（范围）为26.6（7.3~60.0） mmHg,治疗后1周为10.6（6.1~53.9） mmHg（Z=-2.726,P=0.006）。治疗前抗青光眼药数量中位数（范围）为3 （0~5）种,治疗后1周为0 （0~3）种 （Z=-3.078,P=0.002）。超声生物显微镜（ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM）显示平均中央前房深度、AOD500和TIA500分别由治疗前的（1.44±0.48）mm、0.00（0~0.19） mm、0.00（0~20.1）°,增加至治疗后1周的（1.66±0.34）mm、0.04（0~0.28）mm、4.63（0~28. 5）°  （P均<0.05）;平均CBTmax和TCA分别由治疗前的（0.98±0.12）mm和（55.7±16.8）°,增加至治疗后1周的（1.05±0.09）mm和 （66.8±17.3）° （P=0.060,0.004）;13眼（86.7%）周边前房深度（Van Herick法）较治疗前有不同程度的增加。8眼在治疗后1个月内因不同原因行白内障手术,未行二次手术治疗的7眼治疗后3个月的中位数眼压和平均前房深度分别为15.5 mmHg和1.73 mm。结论 LDCP可明显加深急性闭角型青光眼的中央和周边前房,具有良好的即时降眼压效应,为闭角型青光眼急性期的治疗提供了一种新思路,但该治疗的安全性有待进一步观察。（眼科,2021,30： 30-35）     

房角关闭机制指导下可疑原发性房角关闭患者激光干预的疗效评价

目的 根据房角关闭的不同机制,对可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者行激光周边虹膜切除（LPI）术或LPI联合激光周边虹膜成形（LPIP）术,通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）评估PACS患者激光早期干预的疗效。设计 前瞻性病例系列。 研究对象2016年1月-11月在河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续就诊的PACS患者50例（65眼）。方法 根据房角关闭的不同机制,通过UBM评估患眼,对所有入选患眼均首先行LPI治疗,术后第3天复查UBM,检查提示仍存在至少一个象限房角呈接触性关闭的患者再进一步联合LPIP治疗。术后3天复查UBM,根据测量的相关参数的前后变化评价治疗效果。主要指标 UBM图像中的中央前房深度（ACD）,巩膜突前500 μm处的房角开放距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）、房角隐窝面积（ARA）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、虹膜厚度（IT）。结果 65眼中,47眼（72.3%）行LPI治疗后3天UBM检查未发现存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,术后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较术前无明显变化（P=0.465）;18眼（27.7%）行LPI术后3天,UBM提示存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,联合LPIP治疗后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较LPI术后减少更明显（P<0.01）。结论 LPI后UBM可用于判断房角关闭的机制,并据此考虑是否联合LPIP,可进一步改善非单纯性瞳孔阻滞机制的可疑房角关闭患者的疗效。