Decentration of flexible loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 222 postmortem eyes

Two hundred twenty-two postmortem eyes containing posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were analyzed for optic decentration in relationship to lens style, implant duration, and loop fixation site. Decentration values were not affected significantly by either lens style or implant duration. In 33.3% of specimens, both loops were situated within the lens capsular sac, 18.0% had both loops fixated in the ciliary sulcus, and in 48.7% one loop was fixated in the lens capsular sac and the opposite loop in the ciliary sulcus or zonular region. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of decentration in the three fixation groups studied. Capsular fixation provides the best and most consistent centration compared with fixation of both loops in the ciliary sulcus or asymmetrical fixation with only one loop in the capsular sac.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes. Part I: Loop location

Over a period of 27 months, November 1983 to February 1986, 75 eyes obtained postmortem with posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were examined at the Center for Intraocular Lens Research, University of Utah Health Sciences Center. These IOLs were studied by histopathological techniques to determine the location of the loops. The most common combination, found in 47% of the specimens, was one loop in the lens capsular sac (bag) and one loop in the ciliary sulcus. In 32% of the specimens, both loops were in the capsular sac; in 17%, both loops were in the ciliary sulcus. Compared to results observed in other autopsy studies, in which capsular fixation was documented in less than 3% of cases, these findings reflect a trend toward capsular sac (in-the-bag) implantation of open-looped posterior chamber IOLs.     

Histologic findings after successful posterior chamber lens implantation

The eyes of a 50-year-old diabetic hypertensive woman who had had successful bilateral cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation were examined post mortem. On gross examination, each eye was found to contain a Simcoe-style C-loop lens with its optic centered satisfactorily and its inferior loop in the capsular bag. In the right eye the superior loop was in the ciliary sulcus; in the left eye most of the superior loop was in the ciliary sulcus but its distal end was in the capsular bag. Histologic sections confirmed the location of the haptics.     

Evaluation of the biocompatibility and fixation of a new silicone intraocular lens in the feline model

The biocompatibility and fixation of a new silicone intraocular lens was evaluated in the cat eye. Following extracapsular lens extraction, 14 cats were implanted with a silicone lens (SLM 2/UV type) with polypropylene modified J loops in one eye and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lens (Perspex CQ) of a similar design in the fellow eye. Half the lenses were placed in the ciliary sulcus and half in the capsular bag. The eyes were evaluated for up to one year. Neither lens material showed any signs of toxicity clinically or histopathologically. Both lenses achieved stable fixation in the capsular bag; however, some inflammatory reaction and lens dislocation were noted with sulcus placement of both lens types. The amount of proteinaceous and cellular debris on the explanted silicone lenses was significantly less than that on the PMMA lenses as assessed with methylene blue staining. All retrieved lenses were optically clear and no significant change in the lens surface morphology, clarity and/or optical properties was observed.     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation in children

PURPOSE: We describe a technique for secondary intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus in patients with congenital cataract or with primary aphakia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 119 eyes of 74 children. The average age at this procedure was 6.8 (range 22 months to 10 years), whereas the average age at primary cataract surgery was 18 weeks (range 7 weeks to 19 months). The average follow-up was 5.7 years. All eyes received a PMMA IOL. The sites of IOL fixation was ciliary sulcus. All patients had cataract extraction (lensectomy) via the pars plana, leaving in situ peripheral collarette of capsular bag to enable secondary lens implantation. RESULTS: Complications included IOL dislocation in five eyes, visual axis opacification in four, pupillary capture in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus is a safe and effective method to correct aphakia in pediatric patients with adequate capsular support. This surgical procedure is associated with a low rate of complications.     

人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体襻固定位置的关系

目的 探讨人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体支撑襻固定位置之间的关系。方法 对45例45只眼老年性白内障行白内障摘出及人工晶体植入术后人工晶状体前膜形成进行回顾性分析术中人工晶状体襻固定的位置。结果 人工晶状体襻固定于囊袋内1只眼;不对称囊袋和睫状体沟内固定26只眼;18只眼为完全睫状体沟内固定。结论 人工晶状体襻不完全睫状体沟内固定是前膜形成的因素之一,而囊袋内固定人工晶状体则可减少人工晶状体前膜的形成。     

开放囊袋-IOL单襻睫状沟固定术治疗先天性晶状体半脱位

目的:探讨开放囊袋-人工晶状体(IOL)单襻睫状沟固定术治疗先天性晶状体半脱位的安全性和有效性.方法:收集2011-03-01/2013-12-31影响视力的先天性晶状体半脱位患者10例13眼,做角巩膜缘隧道切口,环形撕囊后,使用虹膜拉钩,固定脱位晶状体,完成超声乳化手术.植入IOL,剪开晶状体脱位一侧囊袋,翻转前囊,上襻位于囊袋内,下襻单针经缝合固定于睫状沟.结果:所有患者最佳矫正视力均不同程度提高,IOL稳定,没有进展性偏位.结论:虹膜拉钩可以稳定脱位的晶状体,使超声乳化手术顺利完成.开放下方囊袋,IOL呈半游离状态,下襻睫状沟缝合固定可维持IOL的长期稳定,避免囊袋进行性偏移,造成IOL偏位.     

Influence of intraoperative complication on intraocular rigid lens fixation in pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: This paper presents the intraoperative complications in pediatric cataract surgery with IOL implantation and their influence on fixation place. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 384 eyes of 276 children undergone operative procedure for cataract. Anterior capsulorhexis, lens cortical aspiration, primary posterior capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy and IOL implantation were done in all eyes. The place of IOL implantation was capsular sac or ciliary sulcus. RESULTS: There were no serious intraoperative complications but in cases with large anterior (5.2%) and posterior (14.6%) radial capsule tears, vitreous loss (12.3%), and hemorrhage (5.5%) to anterior and posterior chamber the IOL was fixated at ciliary sulcus (in 37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical procedure is useful and safe in the management of pediatric cataract. Location of an IOL in the ciliary sulcus in a child, is acceptable. To avoid decentration in this cases, we recommend rigid PMMA IOLs.     

Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术及后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术治疗无晶状体眼的比较

目的:比较Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术及后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术治疗无晶状体眼的疗效及并发症。方法:2007-03/2009-03我院住院患者中连续24例24眼无后囊膜支持的无晶状体眼患者,随机分为两组。一组11眼行Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术,另一组13眼选择后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术。观察手术前及手术后1d;1wk;1mo的裸眼视力(visual acuity,VA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压(intraocularpressure,IOP)、角膜内皮细胞计数(corneal endothelial cells,CECs)。结果:两组间比较,术前VA,BCVA,CECs差异无统计学意义,术后BCVA,CECs差异无统计学意义。Artisan组手术后VA优于术前BCVA,差异有统计学意义。睫状沟缝线固定组手术后VA与手术前BCVA差异无统计学意义。两组手术前后IOP差异无统计学意义。结论:Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术与后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术都是治疗无晶状体眼有效方法。两者比较,Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术手术操作相对简单,组织损伤小,更加安全,是治疗无后囊膜支持的无晶状体眼的比较理想的治疗方法。     

Gull-wing haptic design for posterior chamber intraocular lens

The current trend toward implantation of posterior chamber lenses within the capsular bag rather than the ciliary sulcus seems logical in light of the increasing evidence of uveal damage from sulcus fixated posterior chamber lenses. However, long-term, successful capsular bag fixation has not been demonstrated with current popular looped lenses of either flat or angulated styles. This report evaluated a new gull-wing loop design that seems to have advantages of both planar and angulated loop styles for support of posterior chamber lenses.     

A histomorphological study on the effect of iridocapsular intraocular lens on the iris. A case report

A Binkhorst iridocapsular intraocular lens was implanted into an eye of a patient after an extracapsular cataract extraction. The patient died 4 months after surgery of gastric cancer. The eye was obtained for histopathologic examination at the autopsy. The superior loop was inside the residual capsular bag causing no damage to the iris and ciliary body. The inferior loop, however, was found outside the capsular sac and caused depression of the iris tissue but neither inflammation nor scarring of the iris had developed. These findings emphasize the importance of the location of iridocapsular intraocular lenses which can cause mechanical damage to the supporting tissues if the loops are not placed inside the capsular bag.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes. Part III: Correlation of positioning holes and optic edges with the pupillary aperture and visual axis

The possibility that undesirable visual complications such as glare, halo, monocular diplopia, or other visual aberrations can result from the presence of posterior chamber lens optic edges or such lens elements as positioning holes or loop-optic junctions within the pupillary aperture has received little attention. There is recent clinical evidence that these phenomena may be clinically significant. In a series of 75 autopsy eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses, we have observed that in 71% of cases an optic edge, or element of the optic such as a positioning hole, was situated either within the pupillary aperture and visual axis (average pupillary diameter 3.45 mm) or within 0.5 mm of the pupillary margin. This finding was most common (92%) in cases with asymmetric placement, less common (50%) in cases with symmetric placement. Many more young patients are now undergoing implantation surgery. These patients generally have wider, more mobile pupils, and they may be more aware of subjective symptoms, particularly at night. Subtle changes in implantation techniques and in lens design and manufacture can minimize complications related to this condition. These changes include symmetric loop placement (both loops in the capsular sac or both in the ciliary sulcus) to decrease optic decentration. Other measures such as making partial-depth positioning holes, increasing the size of the optic, eliminating or reducing the number of positioning holes, and placing positioning holes in tabs on the optic edges may function to increase the effective optical zone.     

A safe method of ciliary sulcus fixation of foldable intraocular lens using a ciliary sulcus guide

To describe a novel technique for implantation of intraocular lens in the absence of capsular support using a ciliary sulcus guide. Based on the anatomic knowledge of the ciliary sulcus and the sclera, a new instrument was developed to pierce the needle safely through the ciliary sulcus and sclera. While the foldable lens is stored inside the cartridge, the leading haptic is sutured with a cow-hitch knot. The needle is then inserted into the ciliary sulcus guide. The tip of the guide is inserted from the corneal incision and proceeded under the iris to touch and fit the ciliary sulcus. The needle is pushed from back side. The needle comes out at precise point at the sclera. Implantation of the lens was performed through a 2.8 mm clear cornea incision using the injector. The trailing haptic is tied after implantation, and then the same procedure is performed at the opposite side. We performed this technique to 15 aphakic eyes without sufficient capsular support. There was no bleeding or other intraoperative complication. All the points coming out the sclera were between 2 and 2.5 mm from the limbus. The ab interno technique for scleral fixation of IOL is quicker, easier and less traumatic then ab externo techniques. A new ciliary sulcus guide which is usable with both straight and curved needles eliminates the blind maneuvers of ab interno technique and makes this technique more safe and precise.     

Pathology report on the foldable silicone posterior chamber lens

The eyes of an 89-year-old male were obtained for postmortem examination five months after implantation of a foldable silicone elastic lens implant. Two months after surgery, the implant had been repositioned from capsular bag to ciliary sulcus fixation to correct postoperative decentration and tilt. Pathological examination showed both haptics located in the ciliary sulcus. There was no significant inflammatory reaction in the adjacent uveal tissue and no erosion of the haptics into the iris or ciliary body.     

外伤性白内障的后房型人工晶体植入手术时机及方法的临床观察

对74例外伤后不同时期施行人工晶体植人术后眼部的反应及预后进行对比分析.结果显示不同时期人工晶体植入对视力预后无明显差异.Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期人工晶体植人术包括睫状沟固定术同样可取得良好的视力,但植入手术一般选择在外伤3月炎症反应完全消失以后较好.对于无后囊、后囊破裂较大的病例施行Ⅱ期人工晶体睫状沟缝合固定术同样可取得良好的效果.     

外伤眼晶状体玻璃体切除术后人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入的临床观察

目的探讨外伤眼晶状体玻璃体切除术后人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入的术式选择及临床效果。方法回顾2002年6月～2008年6月我院收治的Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术62例（62眼）,根据病情不同分别行保留前后囊者的后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入术;部分残留晶状体囊可支撑后房型人工晶状体一侧襻者,行另一襻睫状沟单线缝合;无晶状体囊者行双线睫状沟缝合固定人工晶状体术。结果患眼术后视力均有不同程度提高。视力均达0．05或以上。0．05．0．1者6眼,0．2～0．3者37眼,0．4～0．6者11眼,〉0．6者8眼。术后随诊观察1—3月。结论Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入对无晶状体眼视力恢复起重要作用。根据晶状体囊情况采用不同术式行人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入。     

人工晶状体囊袋内缝线睫状沟固定术的临床应用

目的:观察探讨人工晶状体囊袋内缝线睫状沟固定术的临床应用、手术方法及效果。方法:对19例19眼伴晶状体不全脱位和4例4眼超声乳化术或手法小切口囊外摘除术中误吸囊袋或其他操作致局限性悬韧带离断的白内障患者(悬韧带离断≥3个钟点位～≤6个钟点位14眼,>6个钟点位～≤9个钟点位者9眼),行计划性或术中一期人工晶状体囊袋内缝线睫状沟固定术。结果:所有患者经过6～36mo的随访,视力稳定;人工晶状体位置:正常者17眼,轻度倾斜者2眼,偏中心者4眼,瞳孔不圆者4眼,患者均无不良主诉;4眼后囊膜轻度混浊,未做处理;无固定缝线松解脱落及囊袋皱缩发生。结论:人工晶状体囊袋内缝线睫状沟固定术对伴有晶状体不全脱位、悬韧带形态异常、功能缺陷的白内障病例,临床效果好,费用低,可替代人工囊袋内张力环。     

无囊袋张力环下悬韧带断离IOL缝线固定术的临床体会

目的:探讨无囊袋张力环下白内障悬韧带断离囊袋人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入缝线固定术的临床体会.方法:回顾分析我科2012-01/2016-12白内障悬韧带断离患者20例20眼,在无囊袋张力环下行囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术,采用悬韧带断离处囊袋赤道部穿针经过睫状沟,在角巩缘后约1.5~2.0mm原位出针,将缝线固定在IOL的上下襻后,再将IOL植入囊袋内,进行锯齿状缝合或者在事先预置好三角形巩膜瓣下进行IOL缝线固定.术后复查患者视力、眼压、前房情况和IOL位置.结果:患者20例20眼悬韧带断离无囊袋张力环下囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术后,视力均不同程度提高.术后视力≥0.8者4眼(20%),0.5~0.6者7眼(35%),0.3~0.4者8眼(40%),1眼(5%)因青光眼视神经萎缩术后视力仅为0.1.主要并发症:12眼出现角膜水肿,4眼出现瞳孔区渗出,2眼出现前房积血,均予相应处理后复查反应消失.2眼出现IOL瞳孔区少量玻璃体疝出,1眼由于玻璃体影响出现轻度IOL偏中心现象,由于视力未受明显影响未行特殊处理.随访6mo,期间无1例发生固定缝线脱落移位和IOL脱位.结论:在无囊袋张力环下采用囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术,是基层综合医院眼科可试行的一种手术方法.     

Ciliary sulcus anatomical dimensions

Trans-scleral ciliary sulcus and iris suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes without posterior capsular support are techniques gaining wider acceptance. Primary indications are IOL exchange in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and secondary IOL insertion in aphakia. Accurate placement of the posterior chamber lens loops within the ciliary sulcus is based on knowledge of ciliary sulcus anatomy. Nineteen postmortem eyes were sectioned in the coronal plane to expose the posterior iris border and the ciliary body. Ciliary sulcus diameters were measured, and the mean diameter was 11.0 +/- 0.37 mm. The mean limbus-ciliary sulcus distance was then measured by passing 26-gauge needles through the ciliary sulcus and sclera. The mean limbus-ciliary sulcus distance was 0.9 mm. These measurements may guide ophthalmic surgeons in choosing appropriate IOL designs for IOL exchange or secondary IOL procedures.     

A short haptic diameter modified J-loop intraocular lens for improved capsular bag performance

The laboratory and clinical characteristics of a modified J-loop intraocular lens (IOL) are presented. The lens features a 6 mm polymethylmethacrylate optic with uniplanar polypropylene loops of a 12 mm overall haptic diameter. The haptic design has a low resistance to compression at all diameters down to 9 mm. The relationship of the haptic configuration to the architecture of the capsular bag facilitates easy capsular bag implantation and consistent IOL centration in eyes with small and moderate capsular bag diameters. Three hundred fourteen lenses have been implanted over a one year period with no instance of asymmetric capsular bag-ciliary sulcus IOL placement, optic decentration, or pupillary capture.