3.2 mm透明角膜切口超声乳化术治疗放射状角膜切开术后白内障的效果及安全性

目的  评估3.2 mm透明角膜切口超声乳化术治疗放射状角膜切开术（radial keratotomy,RK）后白内障的效果与安全性。设计  回顾性病例系列。研究对象  既往有RK手术史的白内障患者8例13眼,其中RK角膜瘢痕为8刀者2例4眼,12刀者3例4眼,16刀者3例5眼。方法  由同一手术医师进行3.2 mm透明角膜切口超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。8刀RK组中,角膜主切口位于相邻两条放射状角膜瘢痕之间,未与瘢痕接触;12刀RK组中,主切口跨越1条角膜瘢痕;16刀RK组中,主切口跨越2条角膜瘢痕。于术后1天,1周,1、3、6个月,1、2、3年进行随访,观察角膜RK瘢痕情况、并发症处理及术后视力恢复情况。主要指标 有无RK瘢痕裂开、术后最佳矫正视力、角膜散光、角膜内皮细胞密度。结果  8刀RK组和12刀RK组术中均未发生角膜RK瘢痕裂开,术毕切口密闭良好;16刀RK组中,2眼发生术中角膜瘢痕裂开,1眼采用前房注气封闭切口,另1眼采用主切口下注入黏弹剂,侧切口前房注气封闭切口。随访过程中,所有13眼术后角膜切口密闭良好,均未出现新发角膜瘢痕裂开。最后1次复查时,最佳矫正视力为（0.67±0.18）较术前（0.29±0.20）提高（t=-6.077,P=0.000）,角膜散光（1.69±1.23 D）较术前（1.28±0.78 D）无明显变化（t=-0.758,P=0.470）,角膜内皮细胞密度（1716.95±906.79/mm2）较术前（2383.97±833.39/mm2）降低（t=2.995,P=0.012）。结论  8刀、12刀RK术后白内障患者行超声乳化手术时采用3.2 mm透明角膜切口是安全的,16刀者术中易发生角膜瘢痕裂开,对此应采用更小的角膜切口或采用传统的角巩膜隧道切口。     

白内障切口对角膜散光的影响

目的:研究不同方位3.2mm切口超声乳化白内障术对角膜散光25度以内患者的影响。方法:收集Orbscan检测出角膜散光在25度以内白内障患者共40例,随机分成A,B两组。在Orbscan引导下,A组20例20眼行3.2mm角膜散光轴向切口,B组20例20眼在90度轴上行3.2mm透明角膜切口,并由同一位手术医师行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术。观察患者术前及术后Orbscan检测的角膜Simk值及PolarK的变化。结果:各组内术前与术后各个时间点PolarK比较,差异有显著统计学意义;两组之间术后各个时间点PolarK比较,差异无统计学意义,两种切口术后3mo都会增加角膜PolarK0.3D左右。结论:对于角膜散光25度以内白内障患者,3.2mm透明角膜切口可能引起角膜PolarK0.3D左右散光。     

白内障手术两种不同长度透明角膜切口对比

目的探讨3.2 mm和5.5 mm透明角膜不缝合自闭式切口白内障手术术后散光情况,并对其手术效果进行对比.方法老年性白内障60例（63眼）,随机分为两组,分别采用3.2 mm和5.5 mm透明角膜切口.除切口大小、人工晶状体类型及人工晶状体植入方法不同外,其余手术方法均相同.术前及术后定期观察视力、角膜散光及角膜内皮细胞计数情况,并进行统计学比较.结果3.2 mm切口组术后散光明显小于5.5 mm切口组（P＜0.05）且术后视力优于5.5 mm组（P＜0.05）,两组间比较统计学差异有显著性意义,但是随着时间推移,两组间统计学差异进行性减小.两组角膜内皮细胞丧失程度未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术术后视力恢复快,手术源性散光小,手术效果优于5.5mm组.     

角膜地形图引导下3.0mm角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光的影响

目的:观察角膜地形图引导下3.0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术前后患者角膜散光的变化。方法:在角膜最大曲率子午线上做3.0mm切口行白内障超声乳化手术,对术前散光度数≤1.0D的144例156眼术前、术后3mo的资料进行回顾性分析,统计手术前后角膜地形图散光的变化。采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析对数据进行统计学处理。结果:3.0mm角膜透明手术切口的术源性散光为0.77±0.53D。患者手术前后的散光对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),散光变化具有相关性(r=-0.69,P<0.01)。术前角膜散光≤0.25D者术后散光增大,其余组术后散光变小。结论:利用角膜地形图定位手术切口位置,可以改变超声乳化术后的角膜散光。对于散光范围在0.37～1.0D的患者更适合3.0mm的透明角膜切口。     

透明角膜切口超声乳化折叠人工晶状体术后角膜散光的临床观察

目的:探讨透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光的变化情况。方法:收集年龄相关性白内障患者58例79眼,全部实施透明角膜小切口超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术。观察术前,术后3d;1wk;1mo视力及角膜散光情况。结果:术后1mo视力提高明显且趋于稳定。平均角膜散光度,术后1mo较1wk明显减少,二者比较差异有显著性。结论:3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后角膜散光小,视力恢复快,稳定时间短,是理想的白内障手术切口方法。     

透明角膜切口折叠式人工晶状体植入术的临床研究

目的 评价3.2 mm阶梯状透明角膜切口植入折叠式人工晶状体后的临床效果.方法 采用上方3.2 mm阶梯状透明角膜切口,对48例50眼老年性白内障行超声乳化摘出,植入丙烯酸可折叠人工晶状体.结果 术后第1天裸眼视力≥1.0者为54%.角膜散光于1月恢复至术前状态.术后于3月角膜内皮丢失率为10.40±3.12%.角膜厚度于术后1周恢复至术前水平.结论 该手术视力恢复早,散光稳定快,对角膜内皮未产生过多的损伤.     

不同手术切口对超声乳化白内障术后角膜散光的影响

目的:研究两种不同的超声乳化手术切口对年龄相关性白内障术后患者角膜散光的影响。方法:将2011-08/12期间行超声乳化吸除术的白内障患者随机分为2组,上方巩膜缘11∶00~12∶00处手术切口组（A组）30例32眼;颞侧（9∶00或3∶00）3.2mm宽的透明角膜切口组（B组）32例35眼;利用角膜曲率仪测量白内障术前、术后不同时间的角膜屈光状态,比较A组与B组不同的超声乳化手术切口对术后角膜散光的影响,分别比较两组术前,术后1wk;1,3mo的角膜散光改变,所有实验数据以平均值±标准差表示,统计分析采用t检验,以P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果:两组术前、术后1wk的角膜曲率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后1,3mo的差异经统计分析P＜0.05,A组的手术源性散光大于B组。结论:选择颞侧透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化术,手术用时短,手术并发症少,术后对角膜散光影响小。不同手术切口的白内障超声乳化对角膜内皮细胞的影响无显著差异。     

2.4mm透明角膜切口超声乳化术后角膜生物力学的改变

目的:运用Corvis ST研究2.4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术后1mo内角膜生物力学参数改变。方法:采用患者术眼术前术后自身对照研究。对2019-03/09符合纳入标准的28例56眼年龄相关性白内障患者进行2.4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化抽吸+人工晶状体植入术。使用Corvist ST对28例患者术前1d,术后3、6d,1mo进行角膜生物力学测量比较。结果:受检眼术前术后第一次压平长度(A1L)、第二次压平时间(A2T)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)比较均有差异(F=10.534、11.655、14.734,均P<0.05)。术后3d测得A1L较术前及术后6d显著升高,A2T则显著降低(P<0.05)。术前1d与术后6d比较,A2L、A2T均无差异(P>0.05)。术后3、6d CCT大于术前1d(均P<0.05)。CCT在术后3d达到最大值,术后1mo恢复术前水平。结论:2.4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术后角膜生物力学参数发生变化,术后1mo各项参数基本恢复术前水平。     

2．4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术术源性散光观察

目的比较2．4mm与3．0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术后术源性散光度数大小、患者术后裸眼LogMAR视力及主观舒适度差异。方法选取我科2012年4-12月期间收治的白内障患者52例（67只眼）,其中行2．4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术患者25例（32只眼）（观察组）,行3．0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术患者27例（35只眼）（对照组）,测量两组患者术眼术前和术后1周、1个月、3个月的裸眼LogMAR视力、角膜曲率,并记录患者的主观舒适度,用矢量分析法计算两组患者的SIA度数,比较两组患者裸眼Log-MAR视力及SIA度数大小。结果两组患者手术顺利,术中及术后均无并发症发生。术后1周、1个月、3个月观察组SIA度数均低于对照组,裸眼LogMAR视力优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组术后1周SIA度数高于术后1个月（P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义,观察组术后1个月SIA度数与术后3个月SIA度数无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论2．4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术术后效果优于3．0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术,2．4mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术术后1个月SIA度数趋于稳定。     

白内障超声乳化术中切口位置对角膜散光影响的观察

目的比较白内障超声乳化术中不同位置的切口对角膜散光的影响。方法53例（70只眼）施行超声乳化联合PMMA人工晶状体植入的白内障患者随机分为两组各35只眼：A组（实验组）根据角膜散光情况选择切口位置，顺规散光（WRA）及斜轴散光（OA）于最大曲率子午线上、逆规散光（ARA）于120°（右眼）或60°（左眼）轴向上、无散光者于颞上方；B组（对照组）切口位置始终选择在颞上方，均采用5．5mm巩膜隧道切口，切口术后不缝合。观察术前及术后3d、1个月、3个月的视力及角膜散光状态。结果A组术后3个月平均角膜散光度较术前减少0．3D（t=2．664，P〈0．01），B组术后3个月平均角膜散光度与术前比较增加约0．48D（t=4．559，P〈0．01），两者与术前相比较均有显著差异。结论白内障超声乳化术选择在角膜最大曲率子午线上做切口，可以矫正一定的术前散光。     

Cataract surgery on post radial keratotomy patients

This study aims to evaluate and to compare three different approaches of cataract surgery to patients with previous radial keratotomy (RK), and to analyze the mechanical properties of the cornea after cataract surgery. Three groups of patients, each one including 8 eyes of patients with 16 RK incisions. The first group includes eyes with the first cataract incision superiorly, the second group in the temporal area, the third group in temporal area and a precautionary stabilizing suture across the RK incision adjacent to the main tunnel. In the first group intraoperative dehiscence occurred in three eyes (37.5%): it required immediate application of a suture. In the second group dehiscence occurred intraoperatively in two radial scars (20%): it required immediate application of a suture. In the third group, no intraoperative dehiscences were observed. The stabilizing suture of the RK incision works safer, with a lower risk of dehiscences and less post-operative astigmatism.     

角膜切口对白内障手术后散光的影响

目的:观察沿角膜散光陡峭轴方向做透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后散光和视力的变化。方法:根据IOL-Master检测结果选择角膜最大屈光力轴行3.0mm透明角膜切口做白内障超声乳化术42眼作为观察组(A组),常规颞上(右眼)、鼻上(左眼)3.0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术68眼作为对照组(B组)。检测术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光和视力变化。结果:A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo视力分别为0.2±0.24,0.73±0.37,0.78±0.38,0.94±0.36,0.76±0.13;B组为0.17±0.2,0.82±0.3,0.84±0.2,0.77±0.26,0.8±0.36;差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光度分别为1.01±0.10D,1.33±0.13D,1.15±0.14D,0.90±0.13D,0.89±0.12D;B组为0.95±0.13D,1.25±0.15D,1.07±0.13D,0.87±0.12D,0.82±0.11D。术后1d;1wk;1mo与术前相比散光度均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后3mo散光度与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后3mo裸眼视力≥0.8者分别为21眼(50%)和32眼(47%),两者相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:沿陡轴透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术有助于患者视力提高及减少术后角膜散光。     

Optimal incision sites to obtain an astigmatism-free cornea after cataract surgery with a 3.2 mm sutureless incision.

PURPOSE: To determine the optimal incision to eliminate astigmatism after cataract extraction. SETTING: Hara Eye Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan. METHODS: Patients having cataract extraction through a 3.2 mm corneal limbal incision without limbal sutures were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 98 eyes of 80 patients without preoperative astigmatism and Group 2, 72 eyes of 62 patients with no astigmatism postoperatively. In Group 1, the incisions that caused postoperative corneal changes were retrospectively evaluated. In Group 2, the types of incisions that induced an astigmatism-free cornea postoperatively were retrospectively studied. Patients were examined preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In Group 1, 23 of 40 eyes (57.5%) with an incision between 9 and 12 o'clock (BENT incision) and 10 of 58 eyes (17.2%) with an incision at 12 o'clock remained astigmatism free postoperatively (P <.0001). One eye (2.5%) with a BENT incision and 17 (29.3%) with a 12 o'clock incision had astigmatism greater than 1.0 diopter (D) postoperatively (P <.001). In Group 2, 72 eyes had less than 1.2 D of preoperative astigmatism. No eye with more than 1.2 D of astigmatism was astigmatism free postoperatively, even when the incision was made at the steepest meridian. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that to reduce astigmatism in eyes with preoperative astigmatism of 0.5 D or more, a limbal 3.2 mm BENT incision should be placed at 10:30 o'clock. To prevent astigmatism postoperatively, the incision should be placed at the steepest meridian in eyes with preoperative astigmatism greater than 0.5 D; for preoperative astigmatism greater than 1.2 D, a 3.2 mm incision at the corneal limbus is insufficient and a wider incision or an additional incision is required.     

Astigmatism outcomes of horizontal temporal versus nasal clear corneal incision cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the short- and long-term astigmatism outcomes after cataract surgery using temporal clear horizontal corneal incisions and nasal horizontal clear corneal incisions. SETTING: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. METHODS: This retrospective study included a consecutive series of eyes having phacoemulsification with implantation of a 6.0 mm foldable acrylic intraocular lens through a 3.5 mm horizontal clear corneal incision at 180 degrees (temporal incision in right eyes, nasal incision in left eyes). Astigmatism was measured by keratometry readings before surgery and 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean preoperative astigmatism in the 178 eyes (94 right, 84 left) of 161 patients was 0.78 diopter (D); 54.5% of eyes had against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism, 22.5% had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, and 14.0% were astigmatically neutral. A significant shift toward WTR astigmatism occurred postoperatively. At 6 weeks, 48.3% of eyes had WTR astigmatism and 23.0% had ATR astigmatism. At 12 months, 43.8% had WTR astigmatism and 25.8% had ATR astigmatism. Vector analysis revealed a mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) of 1.17 D at 6 weeks and 1.04 D at 12 months. The side of the incision significantly affected SIA. At 6 weeks, temporal incisions yielded a mean SIA of 0.74 D and the nasal incisions, of 1.65 D. This trend in SIA persisted at 12 months: 0.71 D for temporal incisions and 1.41 D for nasal incisions. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery using a horizontal clear corneal incision induced WTR astigmatism 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. Temporal incisions induced significantly less astigmatism than nasal incisions.     

Paired opposite clear corneal incisions to correct preexisting astigmatism in cataract patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the astigmatic correcting effect of paired opposite clear corneal incisions on steep axis in cataract patients. SETTING: Sligo General Hospital, Sligo, Ireland. METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 14 cataract patients with a mean age of 78.4 years +/- 6.38 (SD) (range 69 to 90 years) were recruited for the study. Inclusion criterion was topographic astigmatism of more than 2 diopters (D) in the cataractous eye. Preoperative refraction, autokeratometry, and topography were performed. The steep axis was marked before sub-Tenon's anesthesia was given. Paired 3-step self-sealing opposite clear corneal incisions were made 1 mm anterior to limbus on the steep axis with a 3.2 mm keratome. One incision was used for standard phacoemulsification, and the other was left unused for astigmatic correction. All the patients had day-case surgery. The first follow-up was at 1 month. Postoperative topography, keratometry, and refraction were performed on all patients. RESULTS: Mean preoperative and postoperative topographic corneal astigmatism were 3.26 +/- 1.03 D (range 2.30 to 5.80 D) and 2.02 +/- 1.04 D (range 0.20 to 4.00 D), respectively. Mean astigmatic correction was 1.23 +/- 0.49 D (range 0.30 to 2.20 D). Mean surgically induced astigmatism by vector analysis was 2.10 +/- 0.79 D (range 0.80 to 3.36 D). There were no incision-related complications. CONCLUSION: Paired opposite clear corneal incisions on the steep axis is a useful way to correct astigmatism in cataract patients, requiring no extra skill or instrumentation.     

透明角膜3.2mm切口Phaco联合IOL植入术治疗白内障的疗效

目的：探讨3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除术(Phaco)联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术治疗白内障的疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2015-10/2016-10我院眼科接诊的白内障患者95例107眼,均行3.2mm透明角膜切口Phaco联合IOL植入术,观察术后视力、角膜曲率、角膜散光、前房深度等情况。

结果：术后3d,1wk,1mo本组患者裸眼视力(0.16±0.06、0.15±0.05、0.14±0.04)明显优于术前(0.48±0.15),前房深度(3.86±1.09、3.69±1.04、3.84±1.07mm)明显高于术前(2.71±0.88mm)(均P<0.05),但角膜曲率和角膜散光度与术前无明显差异,且术后各时间点手术源性散光度无差异(均P>0.05)。

结论：3.2mm透明角膜切口Phaco联合IOL植入术可有效改善视力,减小角膜散光,是治疗白内障安全有效的手术方式。     

高度角膜散光白内障患者植入Toric IOL的临床观察

目的:评估高度角膜散光患者植入高度数环曲面人工晶状体（AcrySof Toric intraocular lens,Toric IOL）术后的视力和屈光结果。 方法:对21例24眼高度角膜散光的白内障患者行回顾性系列研究,术前角膜散光≥2.5D,植入AcrySof Toric IOL(T6,T7,T8或者T9)。研究数据包括术前和术后3mo的裸眼远视力（uncorrected distance visual acuities,UCDVA）、最佳矫正远视力（best-corrected distance visual acuities,BCDVA）、术前角膜散光、术后残留散光和散光轴向的偏离情况。 结果:术后3mo的UCDVA中75%（18/24）患眼视力＞05,显著高于术前BCDVA,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=50.12,P<0.05）。术前角膜散光是3.45±0.63D。术后3mo残留的散光是0.72±0.23D。两者差异具有统计学意义（t=0.128,P＜0.01）。术后67%（16/24）的眼残留散光＜0.75D,83%（20/24）的眼＜1.00D。术前预计矫正散光312±0.54D,术后实际矫正散光3.05±0.66D,两者差异无统计学意义（t=1.659,P＞0.05）。人工晶状体术后3mo和1wk之间的旋转度数是3.2°±2.1°。 结论:植入高度数Toric IOL是一种安全的、有效的和可预测的治疗白内障合并高度角膜散光的方法。